fatemeh ghiasi

Probiotics depend on efficient safeguarding during their journey through the gastrointestinal tract, with robust mechanisms guaranteeing their viability and ensuring their beneficial impact once they reach the gut environment. Since the activity and viability of probiotic bacteria are important through gastrointestinal and colonizing conditions, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM was entrapped in Persian gum (PG) and soy protein isolate (SPI) complex coacervate (CC) to protect and transport them in the gastrointestinal environment. The microorganisms loaded into microcapsules with a SPI: PG ratio of 2:1, were generated with a high encapsulation efficiency of 93.80% using complex coacervation. The study delved into the survival rates of both free and encapsulated cells, as well as their release patterns in simulated gastric and intestinal juices across varied pH levels (1.2, 4, and 7.5), alongside the presence of respective digestive enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin). Results showed that the release rate of bacteria from the capsule was 96.66% after 24 hours. The number of free and encapsulated cells was reduced by 4.03 Log CFU/mL and 2.43 Log CFU/mL in SGJ (pH 1.2), respectively. The findings underscore that the PG-SPI complex coacervate exhibits substantial protection effects against Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by abnormal B-cell growth within the germinal center. Research has shown the role of genes and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of FL. However, the main factor of pathogenesis has not been determined. Therefore, in this study, the genes and molecular pathways related to the pathogenesis of FL were evaluated using a systems biology approach.

In this study (bioinformatics analysis), the GSE32018 database was used for data analysis. This database was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The sample of this database was 36, which included normal and FL samples. For this purpose, 23 cases were FL and 13 were healthy samples. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is performed to show the interaction between DEGs. STRING software is used for this purpose. Associations between the hub genes, transcription factors, and microRNAs were assessed using the miRTarBase and TRRUST databases. The criteria used for data analysis included log fold change greater than one and p < 0.05.

After evaluating and analyzing the data, the results showed that 866 DEGs were identified between the control and FL samples. Of this population, 231 cases of UP regulation and 635 cases of downregulation were in FL samples compared to control samples. PPI network and hub gene analyses identified 7 hub genes, including RPL37A, MRPS7, RPS14, RPS28, RPL34, RPS20, and RPS3. According to the results, hsa-miR-191-5p has the highest interactions with hub genes among miRNAs, and KDM5A has the most interactions among TFs.

Identifying genes and molecular pathways can be effective in designing therapeutic strategies and preventing the proliferation of FL cells, thereby increasing patients’ survival.

Considering the high prevalence of cesarean section and the methods of conducting it, this study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between rectus ablation in cesarean section and postoperative pain, thickness and distance of abdominal wall muscles.

This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted in 2022 80 pregnant women candidates for caesarean section referred to the Ayatollah Taleghani hospital in Tehran. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=40, rectus muscle repair) and control (n=40). Pain, thickness and distance of abdominal wall muscles were evaluated. Patients' pain in the first 72 hours after entering recovery (12, 24 and 72 hours after surgery) as well as pain when leaving the bed and pain in the interval of one week after surgery was measured using the visual pain index (VAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) and Shipro-Wilk, t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The intensity of pain in the control group compared to the intervention, when getting out of bed (P<0.001) and at 12 hours (P<0.001), 24 hours (P<0.001), 72 hours (P<0.001) and one week later (P<0.001) was lower. In the intervention group compared to the control, the need for painkillers was more (P=0.001) and diastasis recti in the epigastric area (P<0.001) and hypogaster (P<0.001) were lower.

The re-approximation of rectus abdominis muscle during cesarean section reduces the thickness of the abdominal wall muscles and diastasis recti, but on the other hand, it increases the amount of pain and the need for painkillers.

 Due to the presence of causes of fire in the operating room,  that these kinds of accidents likely take place in these places. Therefore, it is necessary for the operating room staff, including the anesthesia team and the operating room, to have sufficient information in order to prevent the accident and function properly during the accident. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and performance of anesthesia and operating room staff regarding fire sources and ways to prevent and control them.

 A total of 60 anesthesiologists and operating room staff of hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study by census method. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics form and researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).

 The results showed that the mean score of staff knowledge was 48.67±10.14, and the knowledge of the majority of the staff was almost at the average level (83.3%). Moreover, the mean performance score of the staff was 12.85± 3.89, and the performance of the majority of the staff was almost at the average level (n=34, 56.7%). The level of performance of the majority of anesthesia personnel regarding the prevention of fire and safety (58.6%) and training to get acquainted with the formation of fire and its control (68.9%) has been relatively high. However, their performance in terms of familiarity with fire extinguishers in the operating room (72.4%), as well as the location and use of the fire alarm system in the operating room was at the average level (44.8%).

 Based on the research findings, the level of knowledge and performance of the staff about the sources and conditions of fire formation in the operating room was not desirable. Therefore, holding training sessions and courses to improve the performance of these staff during a fire is recommended.

The advent of information technology and e-government has created significant opportunities for the development of countries and governments have used this technology as a tool to achieve good governance. E-government and good governance are so closely related that e-government has used information technology to facilitate and expedite matters by improving accountability and transparency in building public trust and promoting good governance indicators. The present study seeks to investigate the role of information technology and e-government and its impact on the promotion of good governance. The research method is descriptive-survey and library, field and questionnaire tools based on Likert scale have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study was 375 employees of the organization who distributed 189 questionnaires by calculating the sample by Cochran method with 5% error. The research hypothesis is that e-government will improve the performance of the country's administrative and employment organization by using information technology tools while promoting transparency and accountability. The findings of the study indicate that it is new and shows that there is a significant relationship between the establishment of e-government and the promotion of good governance in the management system of the organization.

Thyroid nodule elastography has been exceedingly used for the differentiation of benign and malignant nodules. Determination of confounding factors of the results of sonoelastography in thyroid nodules when assessing the probability of malignancy is an issue of importance, and this matter needs further research. In this study, the contributing factors to the results of strain sonoelastography in cases of thyroid nodules were assessed in order to help the clinicians for better management and decision making. In this diagnostic study in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2018 and 2019, a total of 92 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules were assessed by grayscale ultrasound and strain sonoelastogaphy, and the contributing factors to the results of sonoelastography were determined according to low and high malignancy probability elasticity scores. The results in this study demonstrated that there were 57 cases (62%) with low probability scores and 35 patients (38%) with high probability scores according to strain sonoelastogaphy. The patient’s age and nodule grayscale characteristics such as shape, echogenicity, margin, composition, size, and calcification were not related to sonoelastography results (P>0.05). This study showed that results of sonoelastography are not related to demographic factors and gray-scale sonographic features of the nodules.

To compare the efficacy of balance exercises in the aquatic and Non-aquatic environments compared with control in patients with grade 2 or 3 knee Osteoarthritis (OA).

For this single-blind, randomized control trial study, 43 women with mild to moderate knee OA were recruited through a simple non-probability sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the aquatic balance exercise group (n=15), Non-aquatic balance exercise group (n=15), and a control group (n=13). The intervention programs comprised aquatic and Non-aquatic balance training. Fall risk, the primary outcome, was measured by the Biodex balance system before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test were used for analyzing data.

After 4 weeks training, the Mean±SD fall risk score significantly decreased from 3.49±1.14 to 2.59±1.22 (P<0.001) in the aquatic balance training group, from 3.21±0.62 to 2.19±0.62 (P<0.001) in the Non-aquatic balance training group, and from 3.77±1.13 to 3.17±1.22 (P<0.001) in the control group. Regarding between-group comparisons, we found significant differences between the Non-aquatic balance training group and the control group (P=0.03).

Despite the environment, the balance exercise program significantly improved fall risk scores among patients with grade 2 or 3 knee osteoarthritis.

E-government has taken effective steps by using information technology to facilitate and expedite matters, provide better public services, reduce waiting time and citizen satisfaction, and improve accountability, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency in building public trust and promoting good governance indicators. has done. E-business as one of the enablers in the country's economy and a subset of information technologies has grown significantly in the last decade. Today's markets are global and are constantly evolving from industry to knowledge and technology. Today's business environment has changed from physical to electronic, transforming traditional and offline markets. Successful investors have embraced the transition from traditional business methods to e-business, so that the policy of most businesses in accepting and using e-business to enter global markets and attract new customers is effective and efficient. The importance of e-business environment and the high acceptance of people in recent years and the entry of businesses into this space makes the need for planning and development of this space more and more obvious

The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship of supra patella effusion with pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis by Ultrasonography (US).

In a cross-sectional study, 60 patients with knee OA (Mean±SD score of body mass index: 29.81±5.64 kg/m2 and age: 50.48±7.57 years) were selected by nonprobability sampling method. Supra patella effusion was evaluated using an US. All study subjects completed the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain and disability outcomes, respectively. To evaluate the relationship between effusion, disability, and pain, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed. 

There was a poor but significant relationship between the area of effusion (r=0.27, P=0.03), the thickness of effusion (r=0.32, P=0.01), with pain. No correlation was found between the trace of effusion (r=-0.08, P=0.5) and pain. The area of effusion (r=0.1, P=0.17), the thickness of effusion (r=0.08, P=0.51), and the trace of effusion (r=0.0, P=0.9) were not correlated with disability. 

The effusion of supra patella was slightly correlated with pain. In contrast, the effusion of supra patella demonstrated no correlation with disability.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used to treat many autoimmune and immunodeficiency disorders. The main indications of IVIG in dermatology include treatment for resistant autoimmune bullous diseases, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Although generally welltolerated, various adverse effects can occur.
We designed a retrospective study to investigate the adverse effects of IVIG in all patients who received this drug in Razi Hospital from 2005-2016. Information was gathered from patients’ medical records.
During the study period, 67 patients received 94 IVIG infusions. The most common underlying dermatologic disease was pemphigus vulgaris (54 patients). The most frequent adverse effect of IVIG therapy was an increase in blood pressure for 17 patients and in 21 infusions of IVIG. Other adverse reactions included fatigue and generalized weakness, fever, chills, tachycardia, dizziness, a decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing, chest discomfort, hemolysis, leukopenia, and deep vein thrombosis.
Adverse events associated with IVIG therapy are usually mild and self-limiting. The incidence of serious adverse events is low. Identification of risk factors and close monitoring of high risk patients are essential to decrease the occurrence of serious adverse events.

Changing in anthropometrics index can cause a reduction in the balance of body and may be considered as a contributing factor in falling down. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and static and dynamic postural balance among healthy subjects. Fifty healthy male and female University students were selected through simple non-probability sampling. Static and dynamic stability index were measured by means of Biodex Balance System and also a tape measure and non-digital scale were used to examine Anthropometrics index. Obtained data were analyzed through Independent t-test and Pearson Correlation test(p<0.05). Results did not show a significant correlation between static stability index and BMI among male and female groups (p>0.05) (for example: the overall static stability index r= 0.21, p=0.30 in male group) while, there was observed a significant correlation between dynamic stability index and BMI, Weight and Height variables among male and female groups (p<0.05) (for example: the overall dynamic stability index r= 0.54, p= 0.005 in male group). Besides, there was an adverse significant correlation between the range of stability index and BMI (for example: the overall limit of dynamic stability r=-0.45, p=0.02 in male group). present results indicated that there are a direct relationship between dynamic stability and anthropometrics indexes and also, an indirect relationship between the range of stability and anthropometrics indexes.

Cervical stabilization training is a method of exercise which is designed to improve the mechanisms by which the cervical spine maintains a stable, injury-free state. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of muscle stabilization training with dynamic exercises on the chronic neck pain and disability.

In this double-blind clinical trail study twenty-six patients with chronic neck pain were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a stabilization (n=13) or a dynamic exercises group (n=13). Before and after intervention, pain was assessed with visual analog scale (ordinal) and Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPNPQ), disability (ordinal) with Neck Disability Index (NDI), neck muscles strength (bar) using Dynatest and cervical ranges of motion (degrees) with specific neck goniometer. A 24 session exercise program which lasted 12 weeks, two sessions per week, and 45 minutes per session was performed for both groups. Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U and paired t-test or Wilcoxon were used for comparison between the pretreatment and post treatment test results between groups and within groups, respectively.

The mean neck pain (NPNPQ) decreased from 18.23±0.77 to 7.54±4.39 in the stabilization group and from 18.31±3.99 to 11.85±3.89 in the dynamic group (P<0.05). The mean disability (NDI) decreased from 22.69±4.99 to 8.23±4.09 in the stabilization group and from 22.23±4.88 to 14.92±5.54 in the dynamic group (P<0.05). After treatment, neck muscles strength and range of extension increased and both neck pain and disability decreased in the stabilization group compared with the dynamic ones (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between two groups regarding flexors and left lateral flexors strength and ranges of flexion, right and left lateral flexion.

This study showed that neck specific stabilization and dynamic exercises increase, range of motion, decrease pain and disability. Also specific stabilization exercies was more useful than dynamic procedure.

Weight bearing position is considered as a functional condition. However, available data about it and also knee position sense is little. This study aimed to compare knee joint position sense in weight bearing and non weight bearing positions in men and women, and to determine the effect of target angle on knee joint position sense. This interventional study was performed in Zahedan University of medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran in 2006. Forty-four healthy subjects (22 women, 22 men) participated in this study through simple non-probability sampling. Subjects were asked to flex their knees in prone or in standing position, while their eyes closed. Three target angles (45, 60, 90 degrees of knee flexion) were reproduced by each subject. Angle matching errors were measured using an electrogoniometer. Outcomes were collected in form of relative, absolute and variable errors. Data were analyzed using MANOVA test. There was significant difference between weight bearing and non weight bearing positions in terms of angle matching error (P<0.05), while no significant difference was seen between women and men, and also in three target positions. This study showed that subjects are more capable of recognition and identification of the angles during weight bearing position. A larger amount of proprioceptive afferent data may result from sources other than examined knee and lower extremity.