fatemeh mirghafari

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting students' sleep disorders in corona pandemic. This research is a qualitative multi-method and has been done using two meta-synthesis and phenomenological quality designs. In meta-synthesis; the analysis was based on the six-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso 21 related research sources. In phenomenology; based on Colaizzi's seven-stage model, the necessary information was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 graduate students of Shiraz University and analyzed using content analysis method. The validity of the data was verified using the techniques of verifiability (researchers' self-review), reliability (accurate guidance of data collection flow) and data alignment. The results showed that the factors affecting students' sleep disorders in corona pandemic can be classified into four main themes: social interactions, mental health, physical activity and educational activities. Due to the high impact of regular sleep patterns on students' academic future, the improvement and development of educational programs and counseling in the complementary view of culture building and coexistence in virtual education is of special interest.

The present study was aimed to identify the challenges of students' physical activities during the crisis of the Corona outbreak. Nowadays, students are considered one of the important strata of the society due to the important role they play in the future administration of the country. The importance of this role lies in the fact that students are considered to be the main experts in various scientific, technical and artistic fields and finally managers and future leaders of other sections of the society, in the path of guidance towards perfection and the realization of the country's goals. In this regard, the higher education system, as a socio-cultural institution, plays an essential and decisive role in training human resources and accelerating the process of growth and excellence of the country. In fact, higher education is a social process that requires the presence of professors and students together in order to fulfill its function. Hence, the classroom is a physical and psychosocial space where wide interactions take place under natural conditions. Currently, due to the spread of the corona virus, which is considered the biggest global crisis after World War II (Safania, Safania, Ariadost 2019), a fundamental change has taken place in the physical and time-spatial context of the formation of classes. Also, the spread of this virus has caused fundamental changes in the educational, psychological and physiological structure of students (Pfefferbaum and Nars 2020). These conditions have completely ruled people's lives; On the other hand, despite the fact that a quarantine period is the best option and recommendation to stop infectious diseases, it will have adverse effects on other dimensions of people's health. The application of strict laws and regulations in the social activities of people in different countries and the closure of universities, schools, businesses, organizations and other centers have caused people, including students, to spend more time in their places of residence (Jiménez-Paven, Carbanel Bayeza). , Lavi 2020) This virus has adverse effects on all areas, so that today there is a belief that after reducing the spread of the corona virus and eliminating this virus, the psychological and even physical effects  remained for several years. The epidemic of Covid-19 showed that more than ever physical activity should be taken seriously not only in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, but also in strengthening the immune system to deal with infectious diseases (Chen, Liang, Li et al. 2020). The issue of immobility is very important in a society, especially among students, and it is necessary to measure and control the quantity and quality of their physical activity in order to improve the lifestyle of this group. It should be noted that due to the quarantine and the use of online education, during daily studies, the students spend a significant amount of time in the classroom, studying, using the computer and the Internet, and facing problems such as lack of motivation and problems in time management\, fear of final evaluation, hence, they have been involved physical weaknesses and related diseases. Currently, the lack of physical activity in students seems a big problem because the environmental risk factors and unhealthy behaviors that contributed to the development of heart diseases in adulthood were rooted in the lifestyle of childhood and youth. Therefore, considering the capacity of physical activities in improving the physical and mental condition of people and the significant role of these activities in reducing the mental and physical pressures, it was supposed as a suitable solution to solve this problem.

This qualitative research was conducted using the six-step method of Sandlovski and Barroso (2007). The meta-combination team consisted of faculty members who were experts in the field of higher education management and were familiar with the method of searching in databases, educational planning, curriculum planning, and also were proficient in meta-combiinaion research methods. 13 related research sources were used as the basis of the analysis that the extraction of 4 organizing themes, including mental health (including improving mental health, creating a spirit of cheerfulness and satisfaction with life), psychological consequences (including depression, managing stress and anxiety, and improving sleep quality ), lifestyle changes (containing free time management and improvement of quality of life) and self-management strategies of students (including non-communicable disease control, infectious diseases, muscle-neuro-musculo-neural diseases, cardiovascular diseases). The validity of data was proved using the techniques of reliability and transferability through researchers' self-review and alignment of data and reliability and alignment of researchers.

The components related to the challenges of students' physical activities and the examples found in the research were helpful to improve and develop educational and counseling programs in the complementary view of culturalization and coexistence in virtual education. In general, the findings of this article showed that controlling the challenges related to students' physical activities played a significant role in their physical and mental health during the outbreak of the Corona virus. Students have been considered the priority of any society, and in our country due to the youth population double their importance in the future administration of the country; therefore, their physical and mental health may directly affected the healthiness of both future society and the country. Despite the fact that the researchers tried to guarantee the validity of the study findings, presenting a category of the challenges of students' physical activities during the Corona outbreak, a precise framework of the mentioned examples based on solving the challenges of students' physical activities has not been compiled and validated. Hence, this issue can be the focus of future researches. Higher education policy officials and planners can use these findings in formulating and improving courses to deal with the challenges of students' physical activities.

This study aimed to explore the opinion of academic staff about the necessity of investment in E-learning development and the issues that are encountered with the investment of E-learning. This research is a qualitative multi-method and has been done using two meta-synthesis qualitative and phenomenological designs. The meta-synthesis design was based on the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). Accordingly, the meta-synthesis team was formed with the presence of three curriculum planning experts and two meta-synthesis research experts. In the phenomenological method, the participants were 12 academic staff selected from Shiraz University in Iran and Sheffield Hallam University in the UK through purposive samples. A qualitative design was adopted using semi-structured interviews. In general, the analysis showed academic staff’s positive opinion about the necessity of E-learning development. Three main themes emerged after thematic analysis which showed that to develop E-learning three issues must be addressed: Technological-infrastructure issues, pedagogical issues, and cultural issues. The result has brought some different experiences and cultural issues. Both universities claimed that investment is worthwhile. But cultural issues are a subject that needs to be considered while investing in E-learning. It brings a good research area to explore cultural diversity and different attitudes in various cultures towards the development of E-learning.

The main goal of this research was to identify the components of the model of continuity of learning in higher education by using online education especially for the Corona crisis. This qualitative research was conducted using the six-step method of Sandlovski and Barroso. Through searching in reliable scientific databases inside and outside the country 39 articles related to the subject of the study and were published during 1919-22 were analyzed. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings of the study were the extraction of 15 effective themes which was the basis for designing the conceptual model of learning in higher education by supporting effective forms of online education during the outbreak of Corona. The classification of these factors into four main themes including new missions (optimal development of potential ability, professional training, training for change and development, training for citizenship and political maturity of students), the goals of the teaching and learning process (gathering knowledge, learning new tasks, developing knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, multimodal and text-centered and dynamic education, requirements and contexts (familiarity with computer technologies, infrastructure and access to technology and evaluation approaches (online learning evaluation, offline learning evaluation, and evaluation over time) The results of this qualitative study showed that the continuation of learning in higher education by supporting effective forms of online education during the outbreak of the Corona virus, by recognizing new missions, taking into account the requirements and platforms, paying attention to the goals of the teaching and learning process and evaluation approaches is possible. The awareness of the planners, policy makers and university administrators of the mentioned requirements in the light of paying attention to the components of the conceptual model will lead to the continuity of learning in higher education using online education.

The aim of this study was to identify the requirements of ethics-oriented faculty members in universities of medical sciences. This qualitative study was conducted following the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). The meta-synthesis team consisted of faculty members specialized in the field of higher education management, familiar with the method of searching databases, educational planning, curriculum planning, and having a good command of meta-synthesis research method. Twenty-six relevant research sources were used as the basis for the analysis, which resulted in extracting 10 main requirements for ethics-oriented faculty members in universities of medical sciences. These included personal ethics, educational ethics, research ethics, faith, intra-university management ethics, inter-university management ethics, interaction ethics, responsibility ethics, and justice ethics. Data validation was done using validation and transferability techniques through researchers’ self-review and data alignment as well as researchers' reliability and alignment. Due to the pivotal role of universities in the future of students, the importance of recognizing and observing professional ethics in these environments is of special interest.

One of the most important and key topics in the hidden curriculum of medical students is to instill a professional identity in them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the professional identity of medical students based on the hidden curriculum. This qualitative study was conducted using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). The meta- Synthesis team consisted of three curriculum specialists and one meta-Synthesis expert. 20 related research sources were used as the basis for the analysis, which resulted in the extraction of 3 main categories, including identity related to professional processes (professional communication and interaction, Observance of medical ethics, Belonging to the medical profession, job motivation), identity related to professional outcomes (Development of learning and improvement Stress control and resilience) and identity related to professional competencies (Professional competence, Clinical competence ). Data validation was verified using data validation, transferability, and data alignment and data reliability techniques by precisely guiding the data collection and alignment process of the researchers. According to the research results, experiences related to hidden and informal curricula should be formally considered by medical educators, and professors should include more opportunities for reflection in the medical curriculum so that students can accelerate the effective formation of their professional identities.

The purpose of this study was to design a framework for physical literacy competencies required by students. This qualitative study was conducted using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). The meta synthesis team consisted of three curriculum planning specialists, one physical education specialist and one meta-research expert. 27 related research sources were used as the basis for the analysis, which resulted in extracting 11 students 'physical literacy competencies and classifying them into three main themes: individual competencies (cognitive ability, practical ability, emotional ability and participation in physical activities), academic competencies (Educational facilities, characteristics of faculties, educational environment, family and peer group) and social competencies (cultural context of society, policies and mass media). Data validation was confirmed using data validation, transferability and data alignment and data reliability techniques with precise guidance of researchers' data collection and alignment. The present study, by providing a framework of physical literacy competencies required by students, has shown the importance and necessity of physical literacy education in the higher education system and has introduced it as an important and necessary factor for active participation in communities, development and health protectio n.

Due to the outbreak of coronavirus, the majority of students in more than 150 countries faced school closures in their home country, which caused parents to face unforeseen circumstances and change the type of education of their children. The purpose of this study was to Assessing the health-oriented attitude of elementary school parents towards the reopening of schools in the Corona crisis. This is a descriptive study that was conducted by survey method. The statistical population included all parents of primary school students in Shiraz. 195 parents were selected using cluster sampling. The data collection tool was the Oakfield Educational Complex Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-sample tests by Will Coxon and Friedman. Parents have a negative attitude towards their childrenchr('39')s participation in face-to-face classes, but a positive attitude towards the possibility of supporting their childrenchr('39')s education, ensuring the health and safety of their children and school staff and forcing their children to wear masks they had while unable to keep social distance from each other. Despite the fact that most parents believe that their child should not attend school in the school year 1399-1400 in presence, but their priority in this school year is to ensure social communication and interaction of their children with others in school.

The values medical students expect from education and their love of learning will lead to the enhancement of their knowledge and skills and assuming a dynamic attitude towards improving and enhancing the services offered in the health system. Utilizing higher order thinking skills contributes to facilitating and accelerating this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic values, love of learning, higher order thinking skills, and academic achievement of medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. The present study was a descriptive correlational study the statistical population of which consisted of all medical students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2019-2020 (n = 306). Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, 160 students were selected as the participants (65 males and 95 females). Research tools included questionnaires of love for learning, academic values, higher order thinking skills, and students' academic achievement. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression. The results showed that academic values and love of learning were positive and significant predictors of academic achievement and students' higher order thinking skills. Also, higher order thinking skills were positive and significant predictors of students 'academic achievement and played a mediating role in the relationship of academic values and love of learning with students' academic achievement.

The purpose of the present study was to design and validate the happy brain curriculum framework in primary school. This research was one of the mixed researches of consecutive exploratory type and classification model which was performed in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative part was performed using the meta- synthesis method in seven stages of Sandloski and Barroso (2007). The Happy Brain curriculum framework was designed in the elements of goals, content, teacher role, student role, teaching methods, evaluation, teaching materials, place and time of teaching. Afterward the quantitative section was defined to validate mentioned framework. The quantitative part was performed using the descriptive survey method and the researcher-made scale. The statistical population of this section was primary school teachers, and the relevant tools were distributed among 65 primary school teachers in Shiraz. In order to determine the validity of the scale, the content validity method and the calculation of the content validity ratios and content validity were used. Quantitative data were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis method, which finally revealed that the happy brain curriculum framework in the primary school has the necessary validity.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the lived experiences of new teachers from the first year of teaching in the Education Organization of Fars Province.

This qualitative study was performed using phenomenological method. The method of data collection was the use of semi-structured interviews. Accordingly, 18 elementary school teachers were selected based on inclusion criteria. The interviews were analyzed using the Colaizzi (1978) seven-step model and the content analysis method. The validity of the obtained data was verified using the researchers' verification, reliability and alignment techniques.

After thematic extraction and their classification, the findings are divided into two main themes of "positive outcomes" including three sub-themes "teaching skills", "communication skills", "psychological skills" and "negative consequences" consisting of four sub-themes consists of four sub-themes: "professional challenges", "psychological challenges", "environmental challenges" and "challenges among students".

Following the outbreak of the coronavirus, the closure of schools and the need to continued education in the school coerces, teachers were forced to provide training on social networks. The main purpose of the present study was to understand the lived experience of parents of first course of elementary school students in the challenges of virtual education in social networks due to the Outbreak of coronavirus, which was implemented using phenomenological methods. The data collection method was to use a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Accordingly, with a targeted sampling approach and standard method, parents whose children have used virtual education on social media for at least a month were selected, and 16 people were finally interviewed based on theoretical saturation.Interview analysis was performed using a cleavage model and thematic analysis method. After extracting and categorizing the topic, the advantages and disadvantages of virtual education in social networks in five educational categories (advantages: preventing academic backwardness and creating opportunities for creativity; Disadvantages: unwillingness to complete class assignments and reduction of adherence to class discipline regulations), Social (advantages: student freedom of action and greater parental supervision; Disadvantages: Elimination of group activity and laziness and distraction of students), cultural (advantages: entering virtual education into the education system and creating new experiences; Disadvantages: eliminating the charisma of teacher presence and fatigue and boredom of some parents), Economic (advantages : reducing travel costs and saving travel time; disadvantages: time for additional training and the cost of providing the necessary hardware) and technical (improving media literacy of parents as good; disadvantages: lack of visual appeal of videos and Lack of mastery of information technology ) were classified. In addition to the disadvantages mentioned by parents, it is necessary to design a coherent and effective infrastructure for providing virtual education