fatemeh soltani

Effective management of healthcare waste is crucial for preventing the dissemination of pathogens and safeguarding public health. This study aimed to evaluate the medical waste management practices in educational hospitals of Khoy City, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included inquiries regarding the types and quantities of waste generated, as well as the processes involved in the collection, transportation, and disposal of chemical, pharmaceutical, and infectious waste. The assessment focused on three hospitals affiliated with Khoy University of Medical Sciences, with 466 active beds. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic during the study period, one hospital designated specifically for patients with COVID-19, along with two hospitals operating under standard conditions, were selected as the study population considering the number and variety of wards and the diversity of waste produced.

Waste management practices in the studied hospitals demonstrated compliance rates of 95.66% and 98.33% in the stages of segregation and transportation, respectively. The stages of temporary storage and decontamination showed moderate compliance, with approximately 75% adherence to established standards. The average total waste generated by the hospitals was 1505.9 ± 31.6 kg/day, with infectious waste comprising the largest portion at 67.2%. In contrast, chemical and pharmaceutical waste represented a minimal share of 0.5% of the total waste produced.

The results indicated a significant increase in the generation of infectious waste following the outbreak of COVID-19. Additionally, decontamination and sanitary disposal of chemical and pharmaceutical waste require increased attention and enhanced oversight.

The present research studied the pedagogical teachings of the cognitive metaphor of spring (season) in Mathnavi, using a descriptive-analytical and deductive method. These teachings are offered within the framework of the teachings and guidance of Murad and the perfect shaikh for the education of the salik. Concepts such as man's breath and speech, resurrection, perfect wali, soul of the lover, universal intellect, divine expansion and grace, evolution of internal states, reviving name, and satisfaction of virtuous men are represented in the form of the cognitive metaphor of spring. The findings of the study suggest the following components; getting rid of materialistic aspects of life, dominance of the internal world, acceptance of one's liability and fault, gradual nature of human spiritual perfection, observing politeness before the guiding wali, avoiding needlessness in front of the guiding wali, infusion of happiness and delight in human heart, doing away with disappointment and agony, and the emergence of the spiritual reality of man through examination and affliction.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, classified into two main categories: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Mesalazine is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its rapid absorption in the small intestine reduces its local effects in the colon. The use of mesalazine in coated pellet form as a multi-unit drug delivery system may enhance its effectiveness compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms such as tablets. Arthritis is one of the extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD, which can be alleviated by acetaminophen. The aim of this study is to design a multi-unit oral drug delivery system (pellets) that simultaneously delivers mesalazine to the large intestine and acetaminophen to the stomach.

In this experimental study, mesalazine pellets were prepared using the extrusion-spheronization method and coated with pH-dependent polymers (Eudragit® L100 and Eudragit® S100) as well as a combination of time-dependent (Eudragit® RS) and pH-dependent polymers (Eudragit® L100). Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastrointestinal environments, and the optimal formulations were identified. Subsequently, acetaminophen was loaded onto the optimized pellets using a fluid bed coater. The drug release profile was assessed using a continuous dissolution testing method. Thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and investigate potential interactions.

Pellets coated with 40% Eudragit® RS and 60% Eudragit® L100, as well as those coated with 100% Eudragit® S100, were found to be more suitable for colon drug delivery than other formulations. Continuous dissolution testing showed that acetaminophen was released in a pH 1.2 environment within 2 hours, while mesalazine remained intact and reached the large intestine. Physicochemical tests indicated that the pellets had a smooth surface, uniform coating, and appropriate hardness, with no detectable interactions between the drugs and excipients.

This study demonstrated that the optimized formulation effectively enables the targeted delivery of acetaminophen to the stomach and mesalazine to the colon in a single dosage form.

This text is a re-reading of one of Linda Evans’s important articles on the current state of the field of educational leadership studies. In this article, Evans uses an exploratory-empirical approach to critically and expertly analyze the scholarship on educational leadership and management. The Evers Thought Foundation is based on the premise that the field of educational leadership studies, especially in explaining leadership, is a place of controversy. She believes that the claims of mainstream educational leadership research have been challenged by a wide range of critics. Some of these criticisms focus on the conceptual clarity of educational leadership, such as who and on what basis is classified as a leader; and whether it is useful to refer to the relationships of “leaders” and “followers” ​​to explain this concept. Evans emphasizes that the “new wave” of critical studies of educational leadership has raised controversial questions; Is there such a thing as leadership at all, or is it a constructed myth? The main criticisms of educational leadership challenge three claims of mainstream theoretical knowledge—underlying what Evans calls in his article the belief in causality, the belief in leadership dependency, and the belief in perception—which are the focus of this article. While criticisms of these beliefs have been repeated many times in this field of study, this article analyzes them from the epistemological perspective of Lawrence Bonjour to address the question of whether educational leadership is still worth studying. In this article, Evans attempts to analyze the mainstream belief system of educational leadership knowledge within a framework drawn from the philosophy of science, and therefore uses Bonjour’s “coherentist theory of epistemological justification” to develop a more structured assessment of what has been achieved so far by critical research.

Cold stress is one of the major factors limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and yield. Two rice cultivars were chosen for this study: a japonica rice, ‘Gerde’, and an indica rice, ‘Shiroodi’, representing tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively. In this work, the early physiological and molecular responses of these two cultivars to 4°C cold stress were investigated. We found that cold stress caused a significant decrease in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in both rice cultivars. However, the photosynthetic pigment content in the Shiroodi cultivar decreased to a greater extent, indicating its limited genetic capacity to protect its photosynthetic machinery. During cold stress, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde produced by the Shiroodi cultivar were significantly higher than those in Gerde, suggesting a lower capacity of Shiroodi to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The higher level of beta-glucosidase gene expression in the final hours of cold treatment in the Gerde cultivar indicates the involvement of this enzyme in elevating cellular levels of active abscisic acid. Moreover, the significant increase observed in the transcript level of phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase in Gerde indicates the induction of defense responses related to the phenylpropanoid pathway. Altogether, one can conclude that the higher cold tolerance of the Gerde cultivar is multifaceted, involving various factors such as its ability to protect its photosynthetic machinery, its greater capacity for cell protection against oxidative stress, and the expression modulation of genes involved in abscisic acid metabolism and secondary metabolism.

This research aims to compare the two holy books of Qur'an and the Old Testament, considering the subject of "prohibited trades due to the imbalance between the price and the good" using an analytical-descriptive method. There are many trading commands in the Qur'an and the Old Testament. Explaining the commands regarding prohibited trades in Qur’anic verses and the Old Testament, this research compares the commands of the two books. This research discusses the following topics: the way the commands of prohibited trades are expressed in the Quran and the Old Testament, the topics that are emphasized in each book and the topics that are not discussed at all. For example, both holy books include commonalities in bribery and defrauding and using false weight in trades (one of the basic principles, in both books, is the call to justice and fairness, and bribery is directly and defrauding indirectly prohibited in both holy books), and have some differences in usury (there is no prohibition for usury deal with foreigners in the old Testament, but this is not the case in the Qur'an) and there are specifics in the commands on gambling. Gambling is one of the cases that is not mentioned in the Bible and is discussed only in the Jewish tradition.

Gene therapy is a hopeful approach for treatment of a wide range of life threatening disease from infectious and inherited diseases to cancer. Multifunctional Envelope-type Nano Device (MEND) is a new carrier as non-viral genetic vector. Moreover, associating peptide structures with the nuclear localization signals (NLSs), which contains various functional groups enables them to condense DNA and specifically transfer genetic material to the nucleus.

In this study, two forms of low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) were used for preparation of MEND carrier. The MEND carriers were then targeted with GE11 ligand to obtain T-MEND structure. The size distribution of the resulting nanoparticles, as well as their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, were investigated on the A549 cell line.

Results demonstrated that the size of polyplex carrier’s formulation by both peptides (VV45 and VV32) was below 200 nm and MEND formulations were between 200-300 nm. T-MEND formulations contained VV32 and VV45 peptides showed slightly higher transfection than similar MEND formulations. Also, MEND formulation showed increased transfection efficiency compared to similar PD complexes. The result of metabolic activity test showed that MEND lipopolyplex did not represent any remarkable cytotoxicity.

It can be concluded that multifunctional carriers designed based on LMWP are considered as the safe carrier for gene delivery. Presence of protamine and targeted ligand in the nanoparticulate structure did not increase the risk of cytotoxicity of carriers. So, MEND and T-MEND lipoplexes showed low cytotoxicity and acceptable transfection efficiency at the level of PEI 25 kDa.

 The COVID-19 crisis exerts a marked impact on the quality of life of individuals experiencing grief. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of life quality improvement treatment and emotion-focused therapy on the cognitive flexibility and vitality of individuals affected by grief due to COVID-19.

 This research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. In 2021, 30 individuals affected by grief were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups: life quality improvement treatment, emotion-focused therapy, and the control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The first experimental group received emotion-focused therapy (Leslie Greenberg, 2012), while the second experimental group received life quality improvement treatment (Fresch, 2006). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 27) using analysis of covariance.

The results demonstrated that both emotion-focused therapy and therapy based on improving quality of life had a positive effect on behavioral flexibility and social vitality, and the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life on the vitality of bereaved people was more than emotion-focused therapy.

Considering the effectiveness of both treatments on the flexibility of action and the effectiveness of the treatment to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with grief, psychotherapists can benefit from both two treatments to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with the experience of grief to take.

After soybean and oil palm, rapeseed has the third place in supplying vegetable oil in the world, so that it accounts for 14.7% of the total production of vegetable oil. The current research was carried out using modeling approach in order to simulate the replacement of wheat cultivation with rapeseed cultivation in terms of water and economic productivity in four locations (Aleshtar, Khorramabad, Pol-e Dokhtar, and Kuhdasht) in Lorestan province. APSIM model was used to simulate the growth and yield of wheat and rapeseed crops. The model validation results showed that it accurately simulates wheat and rapeseed grain yield with nRMSE of 8.6%. The results showed that wheat cultivation (3524.4 kg) had a higher grain yield than rapeseed cultivation (2750.2 kg). In addition, wheat cultivation system (1.45 kg m-3) compared with rapeseed cultivation (1.15 kg m-3) had higher water productivity. However, the difference between these two cultivation systems in terms of irrigation productivity was not considerable (0.11 kg m3). Also, economic productivity and net income of rapeseed cultivation system were 0.220 million tomans per cubic meter and 59.9 million tomans per hectare, respectively, while they were 0.014 million tomans per cubic meter and 41.1 million tomans per hectare, respectively, for wheat cultivation system. In general, the results approved that moving from wheat cultivation to rapeseed cultivation can be environmentally and economically sustainable in the agro-ecosystems of Lorestan province, especially in Khorramabad county.

Cheese is one of the most consumed milk products. At present, one of the most widely used salty white cheeses in Iran is the cheese produced by the ultrafiltration method. Non-thermal (cold) plasma is a new method to remove food microorganisms. In this research, the effect of cold plasma on the reduction of microbial load and qualitative and rheological characteristics of cheese samples produced through different tests was investigated. The samples were prepared and produced in Pegah Hamadan Company under two microbial treatments (yeast mold and coliform) and the duration of plasma application at two levels (7 and 13 minutes) and the control sample (lack of contamination, no plasma) and during the storage period of 30 days. They were tested once every ten days with 2 repetitions by colorimetric tests, pH, and tissue test (TPA) and Warner test. The results of the statistical analysis of the obtained data showed a significant difference in the evaluated traits between the control sample and the treatments that underwent the cold plasma process. The value of parameter L* in the samples treated with cold plasma decreased compared to the control sample, also the index b* (yellowness index) did not increase significantly for all cheese samples at the end of the storage period. There was no significant difference in the amount of Springiness between the samples treated with plasma and the control sample, and the amount of gumminess did not increase significantly during the storage period. There was a significant increase in shear modulus, shear stress and shear force between the first day and the 10th, 20th, and 30th days. It can also be concluded that the treatments with coliform contamination have less stiffness and strength than other treatments and the type pollution added to the samples is the cause of this significant difference.

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction and dissatisfaction based on ego strength, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design, with 384 participants (306 female, 78 male) selected using available sampling in Tehran in 2022. Couples completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS; Rust et al., 1986), ego strength scale (ESS; Besharat, 2007), and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were utilized to analyze the research data. The results indicated that increasing individual scores in ego strength (p<0.01, r=0.356) led to an increase in marital satisfaction. Conversely, increasing scores in depression symptoms (p<0.01, r=0.498) and anxiety symptoms (p<0.01, r=0.297) were associated with an increase in marital dissatisfaction. Furthermore, marital satisfaction could be predicted by ego strength (p<0.01) and depression symptoms (p<0.01), with these variables explaining 27 percent of the variance in marital satisfaction. In conclusion, the research suggests that ego strength and depression symptoms are significant predictors of marital satisfaction. A thorough examination of these variables in individuals can contribute significantly to enhancing marital satisfaction.

The sharp decrease in rainfall has reached the peak of drought conditions in Fars province, so that the discharge of all rivers in Fars province has decreased between 70 to 100 percent, and due to the limitation of renewable water resources, there is a need for optimal and sustainable use of existing water resources. All reservoirs of dams in Fars province are necessary.

The main purpose and methodology of this research is to design a mathematical planning model for the optimal allocation of water resources of selected dams in Fars province, in order to net advantage of the system on the planning horizon that issues such as time period, reliability level, course currents, number of dams and consider some scenarios. Accordingly, the objective function of the model seeks the maximum advantage obtained for dams based on the parameters set with three indices of scenario, dam and time period.

At first, this model was considered for 5 users (dams) with 4 different scenarios in 10 monthly time periods, in which case the value of the objective function reached 39863110. Then, in order to analyze the sensitivity of the results and show the change of the optimal answer depending on the dimensions of the problem, the model was implemented for 10 users (dams) with 8 different scenarios in 20 monthly time periods in which the value of the objective function reached 82944240. Therefore, with the increase of the dimensions of the problem, a significant increase in the amount of the objective function and the optimal allocation of water resources of the selected centuries occurs in Fars province. Therefore, due to water shortages and recent droughts in Fars province, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable and equitable development in planning the allocation of water resources and taking into account various indicators simultaneously.

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on dimensions of perfectionism and spiritual/religious perfectionism. This study was descriptive-correlational. Four hundred and four people) 326 female, 78 male) were selected by the available sampling method in Tehran in 2022. All the couples were asked to complete the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS; Rust et al., 1986), Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS; Besharat, 2007), and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS-14; Besharat, 2018). Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that by increasing the individual score in Self-oriented perfectionism (p<0/05, r=0/110) and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism (p<0/01, r=0/332) marital satisfaction increases. On the other hand, the results showed that marital satisfaction can be predicted by the variables of self-oriented perfectionism (p<0/05) and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism (p<0/01). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Self-oriented perfectionism and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism are important predictors of marital satisfaction and the variance of marital satisfaction is 12 percent. Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism is a stronger predictor of marital satisfaction than Self-oriented perfectionism. Investigating these variables in individuals can help significantly in increasing marital satisfaction.

COVID-19 has changed the lifestyles and patterns of interaction in families. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coronavirus anxiety and death anxiety on the conflict between mothers and children aged 7 to 12 years in the home quarantine cause of COVID-19. Thus, 80 couples of mothers and primary school children in Tehran were studied. The results showed that increasing coronavirus anxiety in mothers increases conflict in children, which was represented in their paintings. The psychological symptoms of coronavirus anxiety were related to the position of the child, mother and father on the child’s drawing, and the physical symptoms of coronavirus anxiety disorder were related to the position of the child, mother, and father in the paintings. Also, death anxiety was related to the child's distance from the mother, the child and the father's position. Findings of the study were discussed with Parncutt's “Reflective Consciousness Theory” of maternal hypersensitivity at the time of arousal of fundamental anxiety.

The proponents of Romanticism consider imagination to be the fundamental element of poetry, which allows the poet to create innovative and inspired works to enter the world of the unseen and unheard in order to make a new world. Fasting and the glorious customs of the holy month of Ramadan have been chosen as the theme and the imagery of most Persian poets. This study seeks to answer the following questions: How are the customs of Ramadan and fasting manifested in Persian poetry? And what is the place of poetic imagination in creating relevant images? The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and the components of Ramadan and fasting were analyzed based on the frequency statistics obtained by software from the poets' works. The poets who paid the most attention to this issue were then selected and analyzed. Rumi, Saadi, Attar, and Qaani were the four who had the most frequency in this field. The main discussion is divided into three main areas under the headings: 1- Rhetorical images of Ramadan and fasting in Persian poetry 2- The customs of Ramadan and fasting 3- Purposes of Ramadan and fasting. Findings indicate that simile, allusion, and poetic etiology have had the most frequency. Also, intentionality, abstinence, and the manner of breaking the fast as rituals of Ramadan, and refinement and cultivation are some of the most important rituals in fasting and Ramadan in Persian poetry recreated by these poets’ imagination.

This problem of how organizations can succeed in a dynamic and unpredictable environment is an issue that is known as the most important challenge in today's world. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of organizational agility based on human resources development to provide a model of organizational agility in the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province.

In this regard, the statistical population of the research included all employees of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province, which was about 6735. Among these, using Morgan's table, Cochran's formula, and multi-stage and proportional cluster sampling methods, 386 university employees were considered the sample size. The data collection method was based on a researcher-made questionnaire, research literature, and semi-structured interviews. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the research tool was calculated as 0.919. After distributing and collecting the questionnaires, the information was checked, and the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling method and with the help of SPSS and LISREL software.

Finally, the research findings confirmed the five dimensions, strategic, information technology, human, organizational and cultural, as the dimensions affecting organizational agility based on the development of human resources.

The research results showed that the strategic dimension has the highest average, and dimensions of information technology, human, organizational and cultural are placed in the next ranks. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis showed that dimensions of organizational agility based on human resources development explain up to 71.282% of the variance of existing indicators of organizational agility based on human resources development.

Mothers of children with autism face many problems that can affect their life. On the other hand, spirituality, as one of the essential aspects of man’s life, has a significant relationship with human health. This study seeks to determine the spiritual well-being of mothers of children with autism.

The type of present study was descriptive-cross-sectional. In this study, mothers were identified among the 7 schools for children with autism, and 200 people participated in the survey in stages, according to the inclusion criteria. The collected data were used using descriptive statistical methods such as setting frequency distribution tables, calculating numerical indices, and independent chi-square and t-test. The paired t-test was used to achieve the goals under SPSS software v. 16.

The Mean±SD spiritual well-being of mothers was 77.17±10.51. Mean±SD spiritual well-being (41.11±5.61) had the highest, and Mean±SD existential well-being (36.06±5.67) had the lowest score. 

 In this study, the spiritual well-being dimension of spiritual well-being was in a better position compared to its Existential Dimension of Health. It can be said that the mothers participating in the present study are richer in spiritual well-being compared to existential health. 

With the growth of financial-behavioral hypotheses and conducting numerous studies to identify the effect of behavioral biases, one of the areas that has been considered by researchers is the field of research related to momentum strategy.The purpose of this study is investigating the disposition effect and anchoring bias separately and in combination with each other to impact momentum profits ad the role of retail investors in this relationship. The statistical population of the study includes companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample includes 136 companies during the years 2007 to 2020. In this study, the effect of disposition effect has been calculated using the approach of Greenblatt and Han (2005) and Frazzini (2006) and the anchorage bias according to the method of George and Hwang (2004). The methodology of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) has also been used to calculate momentum profits.To test the research hypotheses, the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015) has been used. The results of testing the research hypotheses show that the disposition effect increases the momentum profit. Anchoring bias also leads to an increase in momentum profit. Another result of the research indicates that the interaction effect of anchoring bias and the disposition effect while these two reinforce each other, is also associated with an increase in momentum profit. Finally, when anchoring bias and disposition effect work together, the presence of a high percentage of retail investors increases momentum profits.

Microbial electro-Fenton system as a novel technology can be employed in removal of resistant organic pollutants along with generation of renewable electrical energy through the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. This study aimed at investigating the performance of this process in treatment of synthetic wastewater containing tetracycline and generation of electricity in different electrical circuit conditions.

In this experimental study, a two-chambered microbial electro-Fenton reactor equipped with anodic and cathodic carbon felt electrodes and Nafion membrane, along with 2000 mg/L substrate and anaerobic sludge as inoculum in anodic chamber and 10 mg/L tetracycline in cathodic chamber was used in open, closed, and short circuit conditions. The effect of electrical circuit type on the removal efficiency of tetracycline and generation of electrical energy was investigated during the operation of the reactor.

Microbial electro-Fenton system was found to be more efficient in removal of tetracycline in short circuit condition due to improved generation of current density. In this study, 260 mV and 93.13 mW/m2 in current density of 695 mA/m2 were obtained in short circuit conditions.

The study showed that the microbial electro-Fenton system can be utilized as a suitable method in removal of various pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater while producing renewable and clean energy in open, closed, and short electrical circuits.

Researchers examined anomalies in the market to understand the market dimensions. Prior studies considered the effects of biases on momentum strategy. Stock liquidity as one of the risk factors for assets was also considered by researchers. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of stock liquidity in the separately and jointly effect of anchoring bias and the disposition effect on momentum profit. The population of this study consists of all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on systematic election sampling this study covers 136 companies over the period of 2007-2020. In this study, the effect of disposition effect is calculated using the approach of Greenblatt and Han (2005) and Frazzini (2006) and the anchorage bias is calculated according to George and Hwang (2004). This study calculates momentum profits according to Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). To test the hypotheses, multivariate regressions and the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015) have been used. The results of this study show that the disposition effect in stocks with low liquidity increases momentum profit. In addition, anchoring bias in stocks with low liquidity leads to an increase the momentum profit. Findings of this study document that the interaction effect of anchoring bias and disposition effect, while reinforcing each other, is also associated with increasing in momentum profit. Finally, when anchoring bias and disposition effect reinforce each other, and stocks have low liquidity, they do not increase momentum profits.

Home quarantine to manage COVID-19 has increased conflict between mothers and children. This study aimed to research the role of coronavirus anxiety factors and maternal childhood trauma in this conflict due to premenstrual stress. Thus, mothers and their children aged 7 to 12 years in Tehran participated in the study in December 2020. They completed the Premenstrual Rating Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Drawing Family Test, and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. The results showed that children often portrayed their conflict with the mother in drawing activities as separation from the mother. Emotional and physical abuse of the mother during childhood caused her child to draw significantly more distant from her mother. Another finding of the study showed that childhood emotional and physical abuse could predict premenstrual stress. On the other hand, the psychological dimension of coronavirus anxiety has also created premenstrual tensions. Premenstrual tensions have also been able to cause mother-child conflict. Interestingly, it was only premenstrual stress that was related to the child's position in the drawing space based on koppitz emotional indicators. Premenstrual tension syndrome seems to directly target the child's self-concept and move him away from being the centre of attention.

Breast cancer is the second common cancer in women at worldwide. Furthermore, patients with breast cancer generally use complementary  and integrative medicine such as homeopathy. It has been shown that homeopathic remedies such as Sepia, Phosphorus and Pulsatilla have great effects in the various diseases such as some of the cancers. However, the cytotoxicity effects of these compounds have not been studied for breast cancer cell lines such asMCF-7. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these homeopathic remedies on breast cancer cell line. 

Materials & Methods

Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were cultured in DMEM medium and treated with different potencies (30 and 200) of remedies for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.

The findings indicate that none of the tested compounds had cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cancer cells.

This study shows that Sepia, Phosphorus and Pulsatilla as the three of homeopathic remedies have not in vitro cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell line, and it seems that further studies on different cell lines and also in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Postmodernism emerged from the womb of modernism and in response to it or as its successor. The postmodern novelist seeks to evoke in the reader the sense that all the solid foundations of life in the contemporary world have collapsed. Poststructuralism paved the way for the formation and emergence of postmodernism; Criticism of the postmodernist current stems from the efforts of poststructuralists who have provided the most important and instructive techniques for this current. Due to the incoherence and uncertainty in poststructuralism, the postmodern school has destroyed the traditional conceptions of language, identity, writing and the like. This paper aims to examine descriptively-analytically the most important components of the poststructuralist approach in the postmodernist novel "Night Orchestra of the Wood Orchestra" by Reza Ghasemi to clarify the aspects of the novel's adaptation to the poststructuralist approach. Be. According to the research achievement, the most important elements of the poststructuralist approach are:the postmodernist novel "Night Orchestra of the Wood Orchestra The question of language, the extent of the author's authority, the identity, the determinability of the texts are challenged in the novel The Night Orchestra of the Wood Orchestra.

Gazestan magnetite-apatite deposit is located in Central Iran and Bafq region, which has been occurred in form of veins, veinlets, and small apatite lenses as well as magnetite in metasomatic rock types such as green chlorite-actinolite rock units. These rocks are situated in the carbonate-volcanic complex of Upper Precambrian-Lower Cambrian Rizo formation. In this study, staged factor analysis and Concentration-Number (C-N) fractal model were used based on core samples for determination of main rock type for Rare Earth Elements (REEs) mineralization. Hence, after normalizing the data by staged factor analysis, the target factors were determined and the factorial map was generated using the C-N fractal modeling. The results showed that the first factor of the sixth step (F1-6) is contained of the REEs with phosphorous. Afterwards, results obtained by the C-N fractal method on the F1-6 indicated that there are five populations for REEs which are compared with different lithological units by evaluation matrix. The evaluation matrix confirmed the compliance of magnetite-apatite units with the high values of mineralization factor. The REEs were accumulated in magnetite-apatite units based on highest Overall Accuracy (OA).