فهرست مطالب fatemeh talebi

Lifestyle is one of the emerging, pervasive and challenging issues that, by using various means of mass communication and breaking geographical boundaries, has influenced not only all areas of human life and the mental tendencies of citizens, but also the way and character of their lives, but also the dimensions and The seriousness of this issue has faced governments, institutions and researchers with a new but worrying environment. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article addressed the question, what are the strategic coordinates of the West in changing the Iranian and Islamic lifestyle? In response to this hypothesis, it was proposed that the strategic coordinates of the West in changing the Iranian and Islamic lifestyle in It is aimed at strengthening the western model in the field of social action. The findings show: firstly, the West has been effective in changing consumption patterns, luxury, individualism and weakening the family foundation with planned advertisements and media content production. Psychological and social insecurity increases the costs of providing social security, and thirdly, by promoting packaged culture, it seeks to create a situation of alienation and the spread of a pluralistic lifestyle in Iranian and Islamic society.

Fantasy is a type of story that has been noticed in the literature of children and teenagers in recent years. The Possessed of Badyan Island is a teenage novel and a fantasy story written by Badri Mashhadhi. In the present research, this story has been analyzed in terms of the elements and structure of fantasy and climate literature by analytical-descriptive and library method. In this research, a new definition of the genre of fantasy has been presented under the title of climatic fantasy, and by examining the mentioned novel, it has been shown that the story of The Possessed of Badyan Island is a climatic fantasy. Also, by using the climatic fantasy genre, in addition to creating a gothic and scary story with a local atmosphere, the author not only satisfied the need for excitement of teenagers, but also directed the attention of teenagers from similar foreign to local and Iranian examples. It has also used the climate fantasy genre to familiarize the audience with the culture, history, customs, superstitions, etc. of a specific region. Therefore, this story can be considered an example of an Iranian climatic fantasy story.

Purpose:

One of the most important characteristics of contemporary society is the increasing trend of women's employment and their entry into the field of economic partnerships. Simultaneously with the arrival of modernity in Iran, women redefine their identity in the struggle between tradition and modernity in the shadow of social transformations. The consequences of gender in women's employment are clear things, which becomes highlighted with the passage of time and the presence of more women in various fields of employment. On the other hand, the presence of women in Iran's labor market has gone through ups and downs but in all these ups and downs, it is certain that women have had a very impressive presence in the fields of knowledge and learning, and this shows that they have understood the need to be present in the society to improve their status and make an impact. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experience of female employees of Karaj city of gender discrimination in the workplace.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of method, qualitative and sampling method in this research is in the form of a snowball using semi-structured and phenomenological interviews. The statistical population of the research was 15 female employees of Karaj city. In order to analyze the data, the seven-step Claysey method was used. In this way, based on the first three stages of the Claysey method, the concepts deduced from the interview with the participants were placed in 155 codes. In the next step, it was tried to place the extracted codes in the specific categories of the subject. For this purpose, first, sub-categories were created, and from their integration, sub-categories were formed from the combination of several sub-categories, finally, the main concepts of the research were created. Next, by juxtaposing the corresponding codes extracted from the above tables, the main concepts were identified, which is actually a combination of several codes.

34 concepts were identified and three main categories were obtained, which were the underlying roots of gender inequality, consequences of gender inequality, and strategies to deal with gender inequality. It also turned out that gender discrimination in the workplace has many consequences that may lead to a decrease in the productivity and overall performance of the organization or the loss of capable and effective workforce, as well as lack of motivation and frustration among employees and cases like that. In this research, it was found that psychological problems, exploitation of women and decline in productivity at work are the consequences of gender inequality in women's work environment

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of life therapy on life satisfaction, life expectancy and quality of life in infertile women. The statistical population of the research included all infertile women who referred to the specialized gynecology and obstetrics clinic in Sari city in 1401 with the number of 37 people. For sample selection, 30 people who have been diagnosed with infertility were selected by non-random sampling method and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people, control and experimental. Then both groups were given the questionnaires of enthusiasm for life, life expectancy and quality of life in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis by SPSS software. The findings showed that life therapy in infertile women was better for the variables of passion for life (p=0.000, F=20.045), hope for Life (p=0.000, F=31.190) and quality of life (F=12.556, p=0.001) were effective, so it can be concluded that life therapy increases passion for life, hope for life. And the quality of life affects infertile women.

Background and

Infertility is a major concern for public health and is considered as one of the most important crises in life, which leads to psychological problems such as infertility stress and marital boredom. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on infertility stress and marital burnout in infertile women.

In this clinical trial, 43 infertile women were selected from specialized obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Sari, 2023. They were recruited using non-random and convenience sampling. They were then randomly divided into two groups of intervention (CBT, n=15) and control (without any treatment, n=15). The CBT was implemented according to the Bieling protocol during weekly sessions of 45 minutes for twelve weeks. The participants were evaluated at pre-test, post-test and 45days follow-up using infertility stress by Newton et al (1999) scale and marital burnout by Pines (2005) scale. Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS V24.

In the experimental group, the average scores in the three phases of pre-test, post-test and follow-up for infertility stress were (200.866±19.471), (146.066±12.719), and (153.066±16.086), respectively, and for marital burnout were (97.533±12.052), (67.065±5.750), and (74.666±8.286), respectively, which had a significant decrease in the two stages of post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.05). Also the results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy in infertile women reduced infertility stress (F=24.700, P=0.000) and marital burnout (F=146.146, P=0.001).

The results indicated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing infertility stress and marital burnout in infertile women, which can be used along with other medical treatment methods in infertility clinics to reduce the psychological needs and problems of infertile women.

Today, infertility is a major concern for public health and one of the most important crises in life, which leads to many psychological problems. Since cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes empowering and educating the patient to solve problems, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital self-regulation and uncertainty intolerance in infertile women.

 This clinical trial study was performed on 30 infertile women referring to the infertility center of Sari city in two groups of case and control (15 patients in each group). Cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, once a week for the experimental group, while the control group received the routine treatment. After the follow-up period, the control group also underwent psychotherapy. Both groups completed the questionnaires of marital self-regulation by Wilson et al. (2005) and uncertainty intolerance by Friston et al. (1994) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up (45 days after the post-test) and were compared.

The results showed that in the two subscales of marital self-regulation in the experimental group, the average scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up respectively for the subscale of communication self-regulation (24.266 ± 6.273), (41.000 ± 3.207) and (35.266 ± 3.899) there was a significant increase in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage(P<0.05). And the sub-scale of communication effort(19.333 ± 5.094), (8.666 ± 1.914) and (12.000 ± 2.449), and intolerance of uncertainty 92.600 ± 9.302), (67.400 ± 7.585) and (75.200 ± 10.975), had a significant decrease in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05).

The results of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective intervention in improving marital self-regulation and reducing intolerance of uncertainty in infertile women.

It is important to recognize and use the strengths of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). This study assessed whether strength-based intervention is effective on subjective well-being and psychological capital in children with ODD. 

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included 30 students with ODD in discreet six, which were selected through multi-stage clustering in Tehran during the academic year 2022. Then, the individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group: n=15). The subjective well-being and Luthans’ psychological capital (PCQ) questionnaires were administered. For the experimental group, a strength-based intervention was administered in eight sessions of 75 minutes per week, while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and SPSS software, version 26. 

The strength-based intervention had positive effects on subjective well-being (F1, 28=23.42, P<0.001) and psychological capital (F1, 28=28.12, P<0.001) in children with ODD. 

This type of approach builds on clients’ strengths, seeing them as resourceful and resilient when they are in adverse conditions. This study encourages new evidence for the efficacy of a strength-based intervention.

The high prevalence of hypertension worldwide and its severe effects on various body organs are major health concerns in every community. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of telenursing on the management of self-care behaviors in patients with chronic hypertension.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on two groups with a pretest-posttest. The sample population included 82 patients with hypertension referred to comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Garme City, Iran who were initially selected via two-stage cluster sampling and allocated into two groups of intervention and control by permuted block randomization (six patients in each block). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the hypertension self-care profile, and phone follow-up, which were completed at the beginning of the study. The patients received a two-hour training session. The intervention group was followed up (telenursing) for three months, and the control group received routine care. After the intervention, the self-care questionnaire in patients with chronic hypertension was completed by both groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 25 using the Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Telenursing increased the mean score of a healthy diet by 1.3 units (P=0.04) and the score of disease management by 1.19 units (P=0.004). However, the intervention had no significant effects on weight (P=0.09), supervision of the awareness of food labeling (P=0.38), and medication regimen (P=0.62). 

According to the results, it is recommended to use this method to manage the disease and dietary habits of patients with chronic hypertension.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) as a minimally invasive surgery has become extremely common in recent decades. Despite being less invasive, these surgeries require postoperative analgesia. In this regard Ketamine, can reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption.Owing to the wide heterogeneity of studies on efficacy of ketamine in pain management in different operations, anesthetics methods, and the way and dose of consumption, the present study sought to evaluate the effects of intraoperative low-dose ketamine on postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and hemodynamic changes of patients undergoing LC in the 5th Azar hospital of Gorgan in 2019.

66 patients with the need for LC were randomly selected. After induction of anesthesia and intubation, and before surgical incision, 0.5 mg/kg of Ketamine was injected as a bolus for target group (n=33), and the equivalent volume of normal saline for control group (n=33). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were recorded before, during, after anesthesia and during surgery at 5-minute intervals. Postoperative pain was evaluated through Visual Analog Scale(VAS). We recorded the time of the first dose of opioid, total amounts of opioid consumption during the first 24 hours after surgery and doses of antihypertensive drug.

VAS score (opioid requirement) were lower in the intervention group only in the recovery period (p=0.049). There was no difference between two groups in total amounts of opioid consumption during 24 hours even in cases with increase of the length of surgery (p= 0.742). Blood pressure trend increased from the beginning of induction to the end of anesthesia (p-value<0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.786). The need for labetalol was higher in control group (p<0.0001).

Although 0.5 mg/kg ketamine could not reduce overall opioid consumption within 24 hours after surgery, it had significant pain relief during awakening and recovery. Additionally, it reduced the need for further interventions, such as labetalol and other drugs and therefore was associated with lower costs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of life skills training on improving the quality of life and self-efficacy of female students of Islamic Azad University. The present study is an experimental study of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study includes female students of the Islamic Azad University of Ghods in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1399, whose number is about 500 people. Available sampling method was used for the sample. In order to collect research data, self-efficacy questionnaire and SF 36 quality of life questionnaire were used and the data were analyzed based on analysis of covariance. The results showed that life skills training will improve the quality of life and in the component of physical health 14% and in mental health 18% of the variance changes were due to life skills training, so life skills training on studentschr('39') quality of life It has a positive and significant effect. Also, after controlling for the differences between the control and experimental groups, life skills training has been able to significantly increase the mean of this variable.

Congenital central hypothyroidism (CCH) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit (TSHβ) gene. Since patients with CCH do not experience increased serum levels of TSH, the diagnosis is usually delayed, which leads to negative consequences in the neonatal TSH screening. Genetic diagnostic studies enable us to identify affected relatives at high risk for rapid diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.

This study aimed to investigate genetic variations in the TSHβ gene for the first time in Iranian patients with CCH.

Seven children affected by congenital TSH-deficient hypothyroidism were investigated for mutations in TSHβ. Variable TSH levels in these patients ranged from low values for diagnosis to significant values, so central hypothyroidism was assumed due to mutations in the TSHβ gene.

We identified two novel heterozygous (F11Y and G106R) and one homozygous (T14A) missense mutations in the coding sequence of exons 2 and 3. One of the new heterozygous mutations (F11Y) and a homozygous (T14A) missense mutation were found in exon 2 of the TSHß-subunit gene. The novel mutation G106R in exon 3 was found in three pediatric patients with congenital hypothyroidism. c.40A > G (T14A, rs10776792) appears to be the most common genetic variation associated with TSH deficiency. The others were c.32T > A in exon 2 and c.316G > C in exon 3, which resulted in a change from phenylalanine to tyrosine (p.F11Y) and glycine to arginine (G106R), respectively.

The identification of these mutations for the first time in Iranian patients suggests that CCH is more common than previously recognized, and the TSHβ gene may be the mutational hot spot.

Water consumption has been rising during the last five decades across the globe because of population growth, higher standard of living, and economic development. Water resources limitations in Iran has led to the emergence of sustainable water resource management. To deal with the complex and interlinked water challenges, we need knowledge about the quantity and quality of water in the watersheds through water balance investigation. Evaluating available water resources is a prerequisite step in the water resources management to avoid adverse environmental impacts. Water balance investigations, as a tool for quantitative evaluation of water resources, is a prerequisite step in water resources management process. However, we have faced to some problems with water balance calculations such as: it is costly and time-consuming to provide reliable data for a large area and the estimation methods of water balance components rely on the methods that would not be appropriate for Iran's meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions. For example, in many cases, the empirical methods and mathematical models used in Iran were developed in other countries with different climates.

Water balance models have been developed over multiple timescales (hourly, daily, monthly and yearly) and different spatial resolutions and varying degrees of complexity. Water balance models were first developed in the 1940s by Thornthwaite. With the increasing use of water balance models to address hydrological problems, a considerable amount of efforts has been devoted to the development of such models and techniques. A variety of models have been considered, ranging from relatively complex conceptual models to complex physical based models. Previous studies showed that using conceptual water balance models rather than process-based models or data-driven models have some advantages. Process-based models require high resolution, in both space and time, data and data-driven models may not remain valid in changed climatic conditions. Therefore, we focus on distributed and semi-distributed mathematical conceptual models. After evaluation different models, we introduce and classify some models that have relative advantages for being applied in Iran. These models have at least one of the following properties: they are conceptual models, some of them have been used for different regions, and some of them have been used for dry and semi-arid areas, and they use a simple method for water balance calculation, or their code, software or graphical interface are available freely.

To choose and modify an appropriate water balance model for Iran's watersheds, we should consider a simpler one especially when there are usually uncertainties about the model parameters and input data due to sparse data and lack of knowledge about the natural systems. We investigated different models especially models that have a fewer number of parameters for calibration and consider hydrological spatial variability in a water basin. Considering these facts, it seems the model developed by Portoghese et al. could be a good choice for the most arid and semiarid regions in Iran, after necessary corrections and modifications. The modified model was successfully implemented in different watersheds in Razavi Khorasan province. The model results, such as runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and deep percolation were in agreement with other studies, and consistent with the basin hydrological process.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease considered as a major public health problem. It causes considerable morbidity and mortality despite antibiotic treatments. Hospital admission of CAP patients is a significant financial burden and many efforts are ongoing to decrease hospital stay durations. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of respiratory infections. This study was designed to determine the association of vitamin D status with hospitalized CAP patient mortality and disease severity. This prospective cohort study examined 180 CAP patients admitted to a teaching Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2016-2017. Their demographic and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. The disease severity was evaluated based on CURB-65. Vitamin D status was determined by measuring by serum 25-hydroxylated vitamin D (25(OH)D) with ELISA. The patients were followed for 30 days to evaluate their vitality. One hundred and eighty pneumonia patients, including 104 males and 84 females, were recruited from respiratory disease, infectious disease, emergency, and ICU wards. Nearly 18% of the patients were current smokers. The CAP severity, evaluated by CURB-65, was determined to be non-severe in 74.4% of the patients. Patients were classified as vitamin D sufficient, insufficient, or deficient. Thirty percent of the patients were vitamin D sufficient, 18% were insufficient, and 52% were deficient. Thirty-day mortality was 40% (72 cases).
Mortality was greater in males than in females (47.1% vs. 30.3%, p=0.03). The disease was significantly less severe in the patients who survived than in those who did not. The vitamin D status differed between males and females (p=0.027). The vitamin D status was lower in the more severe cases than in the less (p=0.036), and vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in patients who died than in those who lived. Vitamin D concentration was negatively correlated with hospital stay duration. The 25(OH)D concentration was significantly greater in patients who survived than in those who did not (p<0.001). Pneumonia severity and mortality risk were greater and hospital stays longer in vitamin D-deficient patients than in those with higher vitamin D status.

Lymphoma is the most common malignancy originating from hematopoietic systems. Diverse biological and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been recognized. As an unusual type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is Burkitt lymphoma. The variability of the initial presentation is not unusual. We present a 15-year-old boy with
generalized abdominal pain, fever. He had massive orange pleural effusion and ascites. There were peritoneal seeding and omentum thickening in abdominal computed tomography scan. Pathological investigations of the peritoneal biopsy revealed B-cell lymphoma (starry sky in pathology). The clinical presentation of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma could mimic some other diseases. Therefore, the clinicians should consider Burkitt lymphoma between the multiple differential diagnoses. In the case of peritoneal involvement, its differential diagnosis could be usually, peritoneal carcinomatosis, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, and tuberculous peritonitis.

Green water and blue water; Renewable and nonrenewable water resources; Water allocation and water allocation

Intertextuality studies are considered as one of the most recent approaches to literary criticism. In this approach to literary criticism, it is believed that no text is independent of prior texts and texts are written with reference to earlier texts. Intertextuality, as a field of study, was first introduced on the basis of the ideas of Julia Kristeva and was extended and developed by Gérard Genette into a unified and systematic discipline after three generations of theorists. Genet called his body of works transtextuality and divided them into five categories: intertextuality, transtextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality and architextuality. Architextuality focuses on the relationship of a work of art with its literary genre. In Persian literature, each literary text belongs to a specific literary genre. Tazkirat al-Awliyā by Farid al-Din Attar is one of those literary texts which, despite the fact that it belongs to general biographies, has some very specific features that distinguishes it from other types of biographies. This study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between Tazkirat al-Awliyā and its literary genre drawing on the notions of architextuality. This study illustrates that Tazkirat al-Awliyā is a didactic poets’ biography and a mystical epic that has a special place in literary texts.

The feminists concede that the human civilization was under the influence of men and has always been making women dependant on them. They also argue that there has been a constant male domination on literal works, leaving women nothing much, but second rate figures. Therefore they propose a dire need to reconsidering and challenging the past literal works, focusing on depicting female affections. In addition to female writers, some male ones have reflected such notions in their works criticizing the unjust behaviors upon women. BahramBeizaei, corresponding with feminists, is amongst those who have tried to restate the true position of women in the society by depicting a different face of them in his plays. The dominating, disparaging, sexual and instrumental stances adopted by a male dominated society towards women, alongside with women’s inactive response, are the main feministic issues featured in BahramBeizaei’s plays. The present essay is a feministic approach to three of Beizaei’s plays i.e. Pardeh Khaneh, the facts about Leila, the daughter of Edris, Nodbeh.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. It infects up to one third of the human population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of T. gondii infection on induction of oxidative stress in serum of infected men and women. This case-control study was carried out on 150 individuals who had referred to our center in Tehran. Serum was obtained from venous blood samples. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti- toxoplasma antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed on all of the samples. Those who were IgG positive were regarded as the case group (52 women and 23 men) and the others as the control group (43 women and 32 men). The data were analyzed by INSTAT software using ANOVA followed by Tukey. Serum superoxide dismutase in men of the case group were significantly higher than in the control group (7.81 ± 0.38 vs. 6.69 ± 0.17, P =. 045). Catalase activities in men of the case group were significantly higher than in the control group (8.64 ± 0.55 vs. 6.23 ± 0.38, P =. 006). Glutathione S-transferase activity and malondialdehyde levels in women of the case group were significantly higher than in the control group (5.98 ± 0.24 vs. 4.73 ± 0.28, P =. 037 and 2.3 ± 0.09 vs. 1.9 ± 0.09, P =. 032, respectively). Catalase activity and glutathione levels in women of the case group were lower than in the control group (6.0 ± 0.45 vs. 7.63 ± 0.48, P =. 043 and 0.62 ± 0.05 vs. 0.89 ± 0.05, P =. 007, respectively). T. gondii infection induces oxidative stress in women’s serum because of the decreased catalase activity, glutathione depletion and increasing lipid peroxidation. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities in infected men were because of the adaptive response to the generated free radicals. Women were found to be more sensitive to the effects of toxoplasma infection on oxidative stress induction compared to men.

Education leads to learning، but depth and stability of various methods of training are different. CPR training should concentrate on making and problem-solving skills in an emergency situation. Proper training and effective performance of neonatal resuscitation can be effective in reducing 99% of neonatal deaths in developing countries can be reduced. The aim of this study، providing two methods of clinical staff training and comparing the effect of these two methods on their knowledge and practice. In this intervening، quasi-experimental study، 80 clinical staff randomly are divided into two groups. The first group were trained with manual teaching method using CD، the second group were trained with the two days workshop (first day: theoretical and practice on model، second day: faced with the real environment for neonate CPR. Of the unit''s research، pre-and post-tests were performed on both group using a man -made questionnaire (α Alpha 83. 0) and check list to determine level of awareness and levels of performance respectively. To determine validity and reliability of the checklist، content validity and test-retest were used respectively. Then، the mean scores were compared with independent t-test and paired t- test. Comparison of mean scores of pre-test and post-test in two scopes of knowledge (P=0/01، t=5. 8) and practice (P=0. 01، t=9. 3) at the two groups showed significant difference which represents effect of the education on both groups. According to higher difference of the mean scores at the workshop''s method، it seems that person-centered method has enhanced the knowledge and skills clinical staff at the newborn CPR field. Another reasons that can be expressed، use of instructional aides such model and practical work in a space similar to clinical conditions that is effective on the stability of learning.

Diabetes is one of most important medical diseases in pregnancy and value of Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) showed mean of blood glucose in 4-8 weeks ago in these patients. In different studies significant relation were seen between HbA1c and incidence of complications in pregnancy. Aim of this study is to investigate correlation of maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes with mean of HbA1c in insulin dependent diabetic women. This prospective study was performed on 31 insulin dependent diabetic women who cared in Khorasan diabetic research center in year 2004. First demographic characteristic and obstetrical history of participations recorded. Value of HbA1C was measured in three trimesters of pregnancy and subjects divided into four groups based on mean of HbA1C. Fetal and neonatal complications include abortion, congenital malformations, macrosomia, fetal death, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress and so maternal complication include pre eclamsia, polyhydroamnios, preterm labor, retinopathy and type of delivery were studied. Relation between mean of HbA1c and maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes statistical analyzed by using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test. P value less than 0.05 considered significant. Mean of maternal age was 24.5 years that 41.9% women were primigravid. About half of participations (41.9%) had HbA1C equal or higher than 10% and only in 12.9%, HbA1C was in normal range (4.6%-7.6%). There were not significant relation between mean value of HbA1C and maternal and fetal complications including abortion, fetal death, macrosomia, congenital malformation, respiratory distress and so preeclampsia, polyhydroamnios and retinopathy but most of these complications were accompanied with HbA1C higher than 10%. Only respiratory distress syndrome was accompanied with normal value of HbA1C. Relation between preterm labor and HbA1C was significant. (p=0.034). No hypocalcemia was seen in any of neonates who were born of these women. Incidence of fetal, neonatal and maternal complications except hypocalcemia and respiratory distress was related to level of HbA1C more than normal. But relation between preterm labor and level of HbA1C was significant.