fereshteh ahmadi

Trauma is the sixth cause of death worldwide and the fifth main cause of significant disability and carries a great economic and social burden. This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of trauma and to assess the correlation between the cause of trauma and its severity in different body areas. Patients with all kinds of injuries referred to the Emergency Department (ED) of Al-Zahra University Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, who met the inclusion criteria, were recruited to this study from September 2019 to January 2023. Among the 869 trauma patients admitted to the hospital during this period, 444 (51.1%) were married. There was a statistically significant difference in the pattern of trauma between males and females (P = 0.003). There was also a significant relationship between the average age of people and different causes of injury (P <0.001). Individuals who suffered from falling from height (FFH) trauma had a significantly higher average age than those who experienced trauma due to different reasons. There was a statistically significant difference between the injury patterns to different parts of the body according to the cause of injury (P <0.001). The most common causes of trauma were road traffic crashes (RTCs) (60%), FFH (18.4%), and poisoning (12.7%). Of the 520 victims with RTC injuries and 160 victims with FFH injuries, 39.4% and 52.5% respectively have an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) severity greater than 3, which was higher than other traumatic mechanisms. Falls and car accidents were identified as the primary causes of severe injuries with AIS > 3, according to our findings. These research endeavors will aid in devising improved methods to prevent occurrences and enhance healthcare approaches. To prevent and manage traumatic injuries, a multi-sectoral approach and collaboration between different stakeholders is needed.

As urban populations grow, the demand for smarter and more efficient urban spaces becomes increasingly critical. The advent of autonomous vehicles also presents opportunities and challenges in shaping the future of smart cities. This article examines the complex interactions between resources, technology, and technical aspects of autonomous vehicles and their impact on urban spaces.

A comprehensive research methodology was employed to assess the impact of interactions between resources, technology, and technical aspects of autonomous vehicles on smart urban spaces. This included a review of the literature, data analysis, case studies, and simulations. By integrating findings from various sources and methods, a complete understanding of the subject was achieved.

The findings of this study highlight the multifaceted impact of interactions between resources, technology, and technical aspects of autonomous vehicles on smart urban spaces. Despite their enormous potential to reduce traffic, enhance safety, and improve urban mobility, these interactions raise concerns about privacy, infrastructure compatibility, and equitable access.

Therefore, it is essential for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists to collaborate in developing strong frameworks and regulations to harness the benefits of autonomous vehicle technology while mitigating potential challenges. By promoting innovation and inclusive urban development, cities can leverage the transformative power of autonomous vehicle technology to create smarter, more sustainable, and livable urban environments for all citizens.

Unlike other religions and professions that focus solely on either individual or social dimensions, Islam uniquely emphasizes both aspects, providing instructions for the enhancement of both individual well-being and social interactions. This comprehensive approach has earned Islam the recognition of being the most complete of religions, establishing it as an individual-social belief system. In accordance with its teachings, a person who does not actively engage in society may not fully realize the goals of the religion. Since the development of social personality occurs within society and through interactions with others, this research utilizes the native Qajar housing of Isfahan as an introverted model that complicates the dynamics of presence and sociability. Through the syntax method, the study analyzes the spatial configuration, examining how it influences vitality, a sense of belonging, the creation of social identity, and the enhancement of presence. The results reveal a significant difference in the value of choice and control within the courtyard, despite its central placement, which can enhance depth and privacy. This distinct quality positions the courtyard as the most accessible space, shaping perceptions of its significance within the overall spatial arrangement.

Traditionalism as an approach in contemporary philosophy has a highly critical stance towards modernity. The opinions and critical views of traditionalists towards modernity in various fields, including the philosophy of art, have caused their views to be taken into account in the urbanism and architecture. Although almost none of the famous traditionalist theorists were architects or urban planners, their serious criticisms of modernity, has helped to shape the concepts such as the desanctification of the city space and the "secularization" of space and time. Also, Burkhart and Seyed Hossein Nasr works on Islamic art and the pathology of Islamic civilization have been created seriously prominent and influential in urbanism and Islamic architecture, especially in Iran. At the same time, the opinions of traditionalists have faced serious criticism. This article tries to make an assessment of the achievements and shortcomings of this school, especially in the field of Islamic Iranian urbanism, by examining the traditionalist viewpoints and the criticisms leveled at theme and analysis of the effectiveness and capability of traditionalist viewpoints in the process of realizing the Islamic-Iranian city. This article reviews traditionalism according to its terminological definition. The above-mentioned traditionalists have suffered extremes and excesses. In this article, it is tried to introduce other approaches of fundamentalist traditionalists who have expressed the comprehensive and deeper relation between Islam and the creation of artworks, architecture and urbanism. It is also necessary to introduce these approaches for further and complementary of this research.  This research came to the conclusion that a large part of the achievements of traditionalism in contrast with modernity is in the position of criticism of modernity, using the method of library documents in the information gathering stage and the method of logical reasoning in the analysis and inference stage. In such a way that the pathology of the adverse consequences of modernity in urbanism and architecture has been able to inspire and motivate many thinkers, experts, professors and decision-makers; However, in practice and in terms of realization and achieving the Islamic city, it has not been very successful. In this text, an attempt was made by exploring and examining this issue to reach an approach for the realization of the Islamic city.

In this article, I will discuss the integration of the Sufi ideas into the Iranian ways of thinking. I will put forward some factors, which explain the reason why Sufi ideas could impact the Iranian ways of thinking and become an integrated part of it. This issue is important since one of the reasons for several social problems from which the Iranian society suffers can be found in the Iranian group-oriented ways of thinking and the lack of an individual-oriented perspective concerning every citizen’s not only rights but duties as well. The mystical dimension of Iranian ways of thinking is regarded as one of the factors, which counteracted the growth of concern for the individual self in the ways of thinking of Iranians.

Identity is a dynamic construct and will change under different cultural conditions. Immigrants, facing the host country, react differently in order to adapt their identity to the new cultural conditions. Despite the high importance of identity and its changes in different cultural and geographical conditions and how a new identity base is formed in immigrants, none of the researches have specifically addressed the identity confusion caused by migration and how to help the individual in redefining identity as a dynamic matter.

The current research aimed at developing a model to help immigrant students form an established identity status focusing on “returning to oneself”.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a classical hermeneutic method. The current research community is the famous work of Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi, i.e., Masnavi Manavi, and the target sample, according to the content of the research, is two stories; of “Ni Namah” and “The Maid and the King” from Masnav’s first book. These two stories are often cited as documentary sources. The primary coding was based on the hermeneutic method emphasizing the metaphorical side of the mentioned stories. The underlying structure of the research was drawn through the descriptive and interpretive processes; the underlying structure of the research was drawn.

Data analysis results were formulated in the counseling form model comprising six processes: 1) therapeutic alliance, 2) discovering the person desired, 3) raising awareness, 4) searching for origin, 5) unifying, and 6) termination. Each process has its unique content, purpose, and techniques.

The establishment model of the identity status based on “returning to oneself”, based on the components and theoretical framework obtained, can be utilized for solving the identity challenges of immigrant students.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of berberine and thioridazine, as well as their effect on the gene expression of the AdeABC efflux pump system in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates.

This study was carried out in five MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and a sample of standard strain (A. baumannii PTCC1797). The effect of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of berberine, thioridazine, and ciprofloxacin alone and their combination on A. baumannii was evaluated by broth microdilution method. Also, their effect on the expression of adeB efflux pump gene was evaluated using real time PCR method.

The MIC of thioridazine, berberine, ciprofloxacin+thioridazine, ciprofloxacin+ berberine, thioridazine+berberine, and ciprofloxacin+thioridazine+berberine on MDR A. baumannii isolates was 64, 256, 128, 256, 128, and 128 μg/ml, respectively. The results showed that treatment of strains with thioridazine alone and in combination with berberine and ciprofloxacin significantly (p<0.05) decreased the expression of adeB efflux pump gene.

Due to the inhibitory effects of thioridazine on bacterial isolates and adeB efflux pump gene, this compound can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against MDR A. baumannii

Nowadays, one of the key issues in enterprise 2.0 is how to use the innovative knowledge of users and customers systematically and purposely, and also and benefit from the knowledge sharing into organizational processes. One effective approach is to make use of an open innovation approach, leading to improvement of knowledge flows into the organization. However, to date, specific knowledge management architecture for managing such knowledge flows based on the open innovation approach has not been studied yet at enterprise 2.0. In this research a new campestral architecture is introduced for knowledge management in enterprise 2.0 that is based on open innovation approach. For this purpose, grounded theory, a qualitative inductive research has been used with emphasis on content analysis of documents and related research studies. The results of content analysis show that the key intersection between knowledge management sharing, enterprise 2.0 and open innovation is knowledge flow management. Therefore, using the characteristics of in-flow and out-flow of knowledge, a conceptual architecture composed of five different layers with seventeen components is proposed. These layers are the logic of business, interface, process and flow of knowledge, infrastructure, and context. In the proposed architecture, each layer has some components that are connected to each other and some of them are connected to the components of other layers as well. The proposed architecture is also compared with two similar architectures in this context as well.

An overview of failures in urban regeneration projects across Iranian cities such as Tehran (see Akbarpour Sareskanroud, Pourahmad, & Omranzadeh, 2011), Isfahan (see Khademalosseini & Arefipour, 2012), Mashhad (see Khakpour & Mehrvarz, 2013), and other metropolitans and residential regions resulted from the contrasting and defensive outlook of users highlights the failure to fulfill public participation policies regarding the empowerment of inefficient urban textures.
The purpose of the present study is to explain the strategies on urban renaissance approach with an emphasis on public participation and the continuity of urban renaissance in the area of the study with focus on preserving the authenticity and the possibility of retaining the residents. Subsequently, this study seeks to provide answers to the following key questions: 1) What are the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the renaissance approach in the study area? 2) What are the possible strategies in line with the realization of the renaissance approach in the study area?
Hashemi Nejad area is selected as the case study in this research, which is identified as a prioritized spot for the development of central districts in Mashhad. Moreover, due to the high values of lands at the vicinity of Imam Reza Holy Shrine, a large number of residents in this district have moved to other locations throughout the city in order to rebuild their properties and offer them to pilgrims. This, in turn, has led to the abandonment of the area and occurrence of social anomalies, rendering the whole physical condition of the area unfavorable (Rahnama et al., 2009).

Among the conventional renewal theories, urban renaissance has offered a novel form of urban modernization and the context for people’s participation through an emphasis on a set of notions such as participation of the public and local government and reducing the social gap (Pourahmad, Habibi, & Keshavarz, 2010). Macleod and Johnstone (2012) believe that the attractiveness of urban renaissance is in privatization of spaces in civilized places of society. Huston, Rahimzad and Parsa (2015) also emphasized on partnership as the best form of participation and believe that the success of regeneration depends on an effective partnership between stakeholders.

The present inquiry is an applied study conducted using the descriptive-analytical approach. SWOT and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) models were used to analyze the data. The population of the study included 15 experts and 345 citizens selected using Cochran’s formula through random sampling. First, the criteria on urban renaissance were extracted by exploring the theoretical foundations and examining comparative instances. Next, the indices of urban renaissance approach in the region under study were presented by conducting surveys with the experts. Then, the final score was calculated by editing the matrix on internal and external factors so as to prioritize participatory renaissance strategies within Hashemi Nejad District.

To examine the status of indices within the renaissance approach in Hashemi Nejad District, Mashhad, these indices were assessed by a number of experts and specialists in the area of projects and executive actions in the investigated region. Given the mean and variance values calculated for each index, 41 indices were selected. In this regard, indices including identity orientation from the social criterion, regeneration diversity from the administrative criterion, partnership from the economic criterion, attractiveness and readability from the spatial-physical criterion, active protection from the performance criterion, and ultimately the urban center interaction index from the accessibility criterion achieved the highest scores relative to each six aforementioned criteria. 
Next, the strengths and weaknesses of the neighborhood along with opportunities and threats in the form of various systems were examined in accordance with status evaluation and recognition. Based on the assessments, both the presence of desirable social interactions and reduction in the level of services obtained the highest scores among strengths and weaknesses, respectively. Furthermore, the possibility of increase in partnership and egression of original residents also obtained the highest scores among opportunities and threats, respectively. The internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix final score was 2.305, demonstrating the weak status of renaissance indices relative to internal factors, while the external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix final score of 2.509 showed a favorable status in renaissance indices related to external factors. Thus, the position of Hashemi Nejad District in the context of urban renaissance falls within the range of conservative strategies.

Ultimately, in addition to editing the efficient strategies using the SWOT matrix and estimating the attractiveness coefficient through conducting surveys with experts, it was attempted to prioritize the strategies in the form of quantitative strategy planning matrix (QSPM). Accordingly, the strategies from the first to the fourth priorities include the development of public arenas (with an attractiveness score of 5.862), creating a link between local centers and the residential areas inside and outside the district (with an attractiveness score of 5.587), increased monitoring of urban management on urban land use (with an attractiveness score of 5.586), and improving the flexibility of upper programs (with an attractiveness score of 5.094). Subsequently, given the significance of the realization of the investigated strategies, the following recommendations are presented:
Employing the urban renaissance approach as a strategy for developing and rebuilding distressed areas in urban districts according to economic, social-cultural, administrative and physical effects, and consequences.
Encouraging people and taking their participation into account when deciding on the execution of physical regeneration programs, particularly in the old parts of districts.
Creating a link between local centers and residential area of the district in immediate and comprehensive areas through the approach related to increasing the social dignity of residents and enhancing the sense of belonging to the location, granting subsidies and economic and physical incentives.
Balanced and fair distribution of services per capita which does not involve freezing specific uses for a certain plate, but entails specifying fluid uses for large-scale lands through land multi-functionality approach.
Explaining and implementing an effective partnership system between several beneficiary groups focusing on design, execution, supervision and operation activities as an important factor in managing conflicts of interest.

Iran's banking system is the economic arm of the government after revolution. Especially in the implementation of the Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural program, an important part of the success of the program influenced by the strength of the banking system that by imposing sanction on the central Bank, this capability is targeted. On the other hand, the effect of some macroeconomic variables such as bank sanctions on profit manipulation by managers are not specified. That's why this research is trying to study the impact of Central Bank sanction on earnings management in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test this effect, the number of 145 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange were studied during the period 2009 to 2014. In this paper, earnings management indicators are measured and expressed by using the modified Jones model and the amount of earning smoothing. In the statistical analysis is used T-test. Results suggest that the level of earnings management was increased in the listed companies during the years of imposition sanctions on Central Bank.

One of important factors in economic growth and development is tax. Incomes are the basis of tax calculation; and, based on the agency issue, managers have sufficient motivations to manipulate incomes. Manipulation of incomes can affect tax rates and tax evasion/ avoidance levels, on the other hand. On this basis, the main objective of present research is to investigate relationships between income manipulation and effective tax rates within companies listed on Tehran Securities Exchange. In this direction, relationships of variables of income smoothing and optional accrual items with effective tax rates are examined. Research statistical sample includes 113 companies listed during the period of 2010-2016. Findings of simple regression cross-sectionally and collectively indicate that, as 2 measures of income manipulation, income smoothing and optional accrual items have significantly positive relationships with effective tax rates.

Fungi broadly exist in the environment. Growing interest for natural and safe additives as well as concerns about synthetic fungicide have led to development of various fungicides. This study aimed to examine the effect of walnut thin shell ethanolic extract on the growth of Penicillium species. Antifungal effects were assessed at four different concentrations ranging from 5 to 350 mg/ml. The extract dilutions were exposed to the desired fungi using the broth dilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fungi were determined and compared with the effects of nystatin and fluconazole. The MIC for Penicillium italicum was 15 mg/ml for both walnut thin shell and fluconazole whereas it was 30 mg/ml for nystatin. Moreover, the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for walnut thin shell, fluconazole and nystatin were 250, 30 and 60 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC for Penicillium expansum was 30 mg/ml for both walnut thin shell and fluconazole while it was 40 mg/ml for nystatin. The results also revealed that the MFC for these inhibitors was 300, 40 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC for Penicillium digitatum forboth the shell walnut extract and nystatin was 40 mg/ml while it was 20 mg/ml for fluconazole. The MFC for walnut thin shell, fluconazole and nystatin were 325, 100 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Thin walnut shell extract has significant antifungal effects on Penicillium species and could be used as a natural antifungal. More research is required to assess the use of the extract for treatment of fungal infections.

Premenstrual syndromes are among the disorders associated with reproductive age that includes physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral signs during the luteal phase that occurs periodically from 7 to 14 days before menstruation. These signs are not present at the begining of menstruation or during the first few days of bleeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of premenstrual syndromes in high school girls of Ilam during the year 2015.
This descriptive-analytic study has been performed on 266 single girl- students aged from 15 to 18 years, with the average age of 16.34, considered to have regular and natural menstruation cycles (with gaps of 21 to 35 days between each two menstruations lasting for 3 to 7 days). To assess the frequency of premenstrual syndromes, the prospective questionnaires (Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool: PSST) was used for two consecutive cycles. In this research, statistical tests such as Chi-square, Variance analysis, and Logistic regression were applied to analyze the data.
Findings: Based on our results, the frequency of medium or sever premenstrual syndromes was 36.84% and the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was 11.65%. According to logistic regression model, severe bleeding multiplies chances of the individuals suffering from dysphoric disorder by 5.1 times, while pain multiplies chances of the girls suffering from premenstrual syndrome about 4.1. There was a significant relation between the mild and severe premenstrual syndrome with pain, (PDiscussion & Our research concluded that prevalence of such syndromes among Ilami's high school girl-students was relatively high. Considering the negative effects of these syndromes on physical condition as well as psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing of teenagers, and the significance of this period from the educational point of view, more investigations and interventional moves are recommended to manage these signs.

Aspergillus spp. are the most important fungi for production of Aflatoxin. They are heat resistant and can be easily adapted to the environment. The toxin of these fungi can enter the bodies through the food chain and causes major health problems. It can also make serious troubles in many fields such as food industry, animal husbandry and economic. Some studies have investigated the effects of herbal and plant extracts to reduce the growth of Aflatoxin resulting inhibition of toxin production. Several benefits have been addressed for different parts of walnut. Thin shell around the walnut is full of phenolic and antioxidant compounds that may have the effect on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigates. This study explored the effects of ethanol extract obtained from walnut thin shells on standard and isolated species of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The extract dilutions of 500 to 3.75 mg per ml were exposure to the desired fungi using the broth dilution method. minimum inhibitory concentrations (MI) of fungi were determined and compared with the effects of Nystatin and fluconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus were 15 mg/ml and 61.5 mg/ml respectively. walnut Thin shells has antifungal activity and could inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Disorganized conditions and decaying urban fabrics from one hand and the necessity to develop large cities from one hand and the necessity to develop large cities from other hand, has resulted in special attentions to be paid by the urban authorities towards decaying urban fabrics. Up to now, various attempts on national and international level have been under taken to regenerate and revitalize urban distressed areas. The present study has given some proposals about some events for confronting with the problem of urban distressed areas of today's urban texture.The search method based on problems solving technique by identify opportunities and weaknesses of those fabrics.