فهرست مطالب ferial taleghani

Bone regeneration is a desired treatment outcome in implant dentistry. The primary goal of the current investigation was to assess the joint effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on new bone formation.

During this experiment study, forty bone defects (8 mm in diameter) were generated in the calvaria of ten New-Zealand white rabbits. defects were filled with autogenous bone defined as the control group, autogenous bone with leukocyte- and PRF (PRF group), autogenous bone and low-level diode laser radiation (LLLT group), and autogenous bone with leukocyte- and PRF and low-level laser radiation (LP group). Laser irradiation was done every second day for 2 weeks after surgery. Five rabbits were randomly selected to be sacrificed on postoperative weeks 4 and 8. On one and two-month post-surgery, histological and histomorphometric parameters including bone formation, fibroblast, and osteoblast were assessed.

The histological panel depicted that the ratio of fresh bone formation increased at one-and two-month postsurgery in all treatment groups compared to the control group. The most favorable results were seen in the LP group, followed by the PRF group. Based on the ANOVA test, bone neoformation was statistically significant in the LP group in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). One-month post-surgery, a higher degree of fibroblast was seen in the control group, while the last place was for LP group (118.6 ± 6.9 vs. 24.0 ± 3.2). In the PRF group, the percentage ofbone formation was higher than that in the control group (13.2 ± 2.8 vs. 2.0 ± 1.2), but no significant difference when compared to the LP group (13.2 ± 2.8 vs. 19.0 ±.3.8).

The combined L-PRF and LLLT was more likely to have a positive effect on accelerating bone regeneration and reducing fibrosis.

Traumatization of the palatal neurovascular bundle (NVB) is a potential complication of soft tissue graft harvesting from the palate. Thus, it is imper-ative to have adequate knowledge about the position and path of the NVB. This study assessed the position of palatal NVB and the greater palatine foramen (GPF) in an Ira-nian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated CBCT scans of 128 patients. The position of the GPF relative to molar teeth, the distance be-tween the depth of NVB and the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of canine to second molar teeth, and the distance between the GPF and the alveolar ridge, the poste-rior nasal spine (PNS), and the median maxillary suture (MMS) were all assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by the Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and ANOVA.

In 64% of the cases, the GPF was located close to the apex of the third molar in both females (49.4%) and males (50.6%), irrespective of age. The mean dis-tance between the depth of the NVB and the CEJ of the canine to second molar teeth was 9.56, 12.36, 14.69, 14.98 and 16.01 mm, respectively. The mean distance between the GPF and the alveolar ridge, PNS, and MMS in edentulous patients was 2.23±0.65, 16.88±1.19, and 15.89±1.20 mm, respectively.

Third molar is the best anatomical landmark to determine the position of the GPF. The distance between the palatal NVB and the CEJ increases from the anterior towards the posterior region.

The progression of periodontitis depends on interactions between the periodontal pathogens and the host immune cytokines, including interleukin (IL)1β and IL18. Production of IL1β is regulated by NODlike receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the concentrations of IL18 and NLRP3 in patients with chronic periodontitis. In this experimental study, 18 patients with chronic periodontitis and a mean age of 46.2±8.95 years, were included. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected at the beginning of the study, 4 weeks after nonsurgical (phase I), and 4 weeks after surgical periodontal treatment. The levels of NLRP3 and IL18 were measured; using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the concentration of NLRP3 and IL18 before and after the treatments with CAL and PD. There was a significant association between the level of NLRP3 and the mean values of PD and CAL before treatment. After each treatment phase, a significant decrease was observed in the NLRP3 level. There was no significant relationship between IL18 and clinical parameters before and after periodontal treatments.Given the possible association between the level of NLRP3 and clinical parameters, we suggest it as a possible indicator of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and an index for evaluating the treatment outcome.

Medical staffs are important and accessible source for gathering health information such as oral health. As a result, their increased Knowledge can lead to improvement of their own and their patients' health habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Oral Hygiene Index simplified (OHI-S) and its relationship with attitudes toward oral health behaviors of medical science students.

In this cross-sectional study, the Persian version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) and OHI-S evaluation were used. The questionnaire was completed by 118 medical Science students of Shahed University in 2018 and then the teeth were examined. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data.

Dental students with an average score of 6.06 had the highest average compared to other fields (P < 0.05). Average scored of clinical dental students higher than preclinical students. According to the results, people with a more favorable OHI-S are less bothered by the color of their gums and spend more time examining their teeth in the mirror.

Compared to other fields, dental students had better attitudes toward oral health and scored higher. Better oral health-related behaviors were observed in this group. Oral health education should be emphasized for other disciplines.

Considering the critical role of inflammatory responses in periodontal disease, knowledge about the immune system and cytokines seems nec-essary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of IL-23 and IL-17 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis, before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

In the present clinical trial, GCF samples were collected from 54 patients (with aggressive and chronic periodontitis) before and after the ini-tial phase of periodontal therapy. The cytokine concentration was measured using ELISA. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to analyze the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on each group. The correlation between variables was investigated by the Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy in both groups significantly decreased the IL-17 and IL-23 levels (P<0.05). A significant correlation was noted between the con-centration of IL-23 and IL-17 before the treatment in the chronic periodontal group (P<0.05), while such a correlation was not seen in the aggressive periodontitis group (P>0.05).

Due to the reduction of IL-17 and IL-23 after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, these factors may play a role as mediators of periodontitis pathogenesis. Di-rect statistical correlation between the concentration of IL-17 and IL-23 before treat-ment in the chronic group shows the possible role of IL-23 in inducing Th-17 cells and production of IL-17.

Periodontal disease (PD) is considered as a risk factor for preterm labor and adverse effects of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant mothers about PD and its relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Tehran, 2018. 240 pregnant women who referred to the health centers of different areas of Tehran were randomly assigned to study. Knowledge of women about PD and its causes and their relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes, along with demographic data were evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire. P<0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean age of the participants was 28.16 ± 5.3 years. In general, the mean knowledge scores of pregnant women about the causes of PD were 2.53 ± 1.22 out of 6 (42.1%), the mean knowledge of pregnant women about the relationship between PD and adverse effects of pregnancy was 0.84±0.72 out of 2 (42%) and the mean score of attitudes was 1. 57 ± 0.84 out of 3 (52.3%). There was a positive relationship between mothers' education and medical sciences and their knowledge and attitude.

According to the results of this study, the knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers regarding the relationship between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes is not desirable, therefore it is suggested that oral hygiene and the relationship between oral and dental diseases with adverse pregnancy outcomes to be trained.

Nanosilver particles have the potential to serve as bactericidal agent because of the antimicrobial influences of silver ion. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of nanosilver against two dental plaque microorganisms, namely Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa).

Initially, growth inhibition zone test was performed in brain heart infusion agar medium using Cup-plate method. Subsequently, microdilution method was utilized to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). Furthermore, the kinetics of bacterial death was assessed by the Time-Kill Test in different time points (i.e., 30, 60, and 120 sec, as well as 5 min). In addition, the effect of these microorganisms was investigated on the formation of the bacterial biofilms using the tissue Culture Plate Method (TCP).

The results of the t-test indicated that chlorhexidine (120 μg/ml) and nanosilver (200 μg/ml) had the same antimicrobial effect on S m, whereas chlorhexidine was more effective against Aa (P<0.0001). The MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles were 3.90 and 3.90 μg/ml for Sm and 6.5 and 13.01 μg/ml for Aa. The kinetics of bacterial death evaluation demonstrated that in both tested bacteria, the antimicrobial agents were able to reduce microorganism populations regarding 6 algorithmic cycles significantly after 30 sec of the contact with the antibacterial agent. The t-test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between nanosilver and chlorhexidine groups regarding the biofilm decreasing percentage for Sm and Aa (P>0.05).

Nanosilver had rapid and significant antibacterial effects against dental plaque microorganisms. It is also very effective in inhibiting biofilm formation in two bacterial species in in vitro condition.

 Smoking is one of the major factors that threatens human health. There is a controversy regarding the relationship between family members’ smoking behaviour and dental caries in children.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parents’ smoking behaviour and incidence of dental caries in their children who are considered passive smokers.  This study was conducted as a case-control method. 800 students within the age of 6 and 14 years old were randomly selected by sex and educational level. All the students were assessed in terms of the following factors: age; gender; educational level; school type; diet; frequency of tooth-brushing; frequency of parents’ smoking behaviour; number of smoker parents; number of teeth and general oral habits. This information was obtained through the questionnaires completed by parents. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT/dmft) of the students were recorded by clinical examination through a disposable explorer and mirror  without radiography. The relationship between the studied variables was examined by Logistic regression method. Data of this research show that there is a significant relationship between the exposure time to the smoke and the dmft/ DMFT. It has been found that the longer exposure time since birth resulted in more DMFT / dmft changes (p=0.000).  The results of this study showed that parental smoking significantly affects the caries of deciduous and permanent teeth in their children.

Oral health is an essential component of overall health for all adolescences. The improvement of requires proper training methods to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to its population. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two methods (by the electronic education method and by dental training models) in improving adolescences’ knowledge, attitude, practice of dental hygiene, and decrease dental plaque and gingival index.
This study was a quasi-experimental performed on 120 primary school students in Tehran. The subjects were randomly selected and were divided into two equal groups (each group n=60). The knowledge, attitude, practice and dental plaque and gingival index of the student were measured by self-report questionnaires and examination by pre-test and post-test method. The data was analyzed by using of the software SPSS version 21 and the statistical tests Phishers exact, Chi-square and Wilcaxone.
There was no significant difference between the two groups in knowledge, attitude and practice before the intervention (P> 0.05). In the electronic education and dental training models groups, the knowledge, attitude, and the practice were improved after the both intervention, however the electronic education approach had a more effect on improving the knowledge, attitude, practice of oral health and decreasing dental plaque and gingival index (P This study showed that not only the training is effective in promoting oral health behavior, but also the type of training has an important role in promoting it. Thus the electronic education at all stages of educational methods were more effective than dental training models. Therefore, electronic dental training to promote oral health is recommended as an effective method.

Diabetic patients display an increased risk of oral disorders, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQL) might affect their management and treatment modalities. The aim of the present study was to determine OHRQL and associated parameters in patients with diabetes. In this study two hundred patients were recruited from the diabetes clinic in Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. OHRQL was assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-20). Also, another questionnaire was designed which contained questions regarding participants’ knowledge about oral complications of diabetes and oral health behavior. OHRQL was categorized as low and good. Data were analyzed using logistic regression at P = 0.05. Of the diabetic patients assessed, 77.5% were in good and 22.5% were in low categories of OHRQL. This quality was significantly associated with age (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.63‒11.29), knowledge about diabetes oral complications (OR = 18.17 95% CI = 4.42‒158.6), educational level (OR = 26.31 95% CI = 4.2‒1080.3), referred for dental visit by physician (OR = 3.16 95% CI = 1.48‒6.69), frequency of brushing (OR = 10.29 95% CI = 3.96‒31.2) and length of time diagnosed with diabetes (OR = 6.21 95% CI = 2.86‒13.63). Oral health related quality of life was not negatively affected by diabetes mellitus in the assessed sample.

Nanosilver has numerous applications in medicine due to its potent antibacterial activity. However, data regarding the bio-safety of its effective concentrations is scarce. This study aims to assess the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on human gingival epithelial cells under in-vitro conditions. This in-vitro study evaluated the toxic effects of filtered and unfiltered nanosilver solution on human gingival epithelial cells obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran using the methylthiazol tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay(mitochondrial function)and membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 24, 48 and 72h time points. The concentrations of silver nanoparticle solution used were 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50µg/ml. The MTT assay showed that nanosilver solution at high concentrations (20 and 50µg/ml) significantly decreased the viability of cells at all time points. The lower non-fatal concentrations at 24 and 48h were capable of causing cell death or significantly inhibit cell growth at 72h. The LDH assay demonstrated that death of epithelial cells only occurs at high concentrations of nanosilver (20 and 50µg) and no significant toxicity was seen at lower concentrations. Based on the results, silver nanoparticles have toxic effects on human gingival epithelial cells and this effect is time and dose-dependent.

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has been investigated in medical fields in recent years, but there are few studies regarding its effect on oral microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and toxicity properties of nanosilver against two dental plaque microorganisms and Human Gin­gival Fibroblast (HGF) cell line. Antibacterial effects of nanosilver colloidal solution were determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) using microdilution method. Standard strains of Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were used. For toxicity assessment, MTT and LDH tests were performed under controlled conditions. Different concentrations of nanosilver were pre­pared and their toxic effects on HGF were determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The MIC of nanosilver solution for S. sanguis and A. viscosus were 16 and 4 µg/ml, respectively. The MBC of nanosilver was 64 µg/ml for S. sanguis and 16 µg/ml for A. viscosus. MTT results showed that after 24 hours the concentrations of ≥ 0.5 µg/ml of nano­silver solution affected cell viability when compared with control group. After 48 and 72 hours only the concentration of ≥ 5 µg/ml showed significant effect on cultured cell viability. LDH release test demonstrated toxic effect only after 48, 72 hours by 20 and 50 µg/ml of nanosilver. The results demonstrated that beside its antibacterial activ­ity against S. sanguis and A. viscosus, nanosilver mediated a concentra­tion and time dependent cytotoxicity on HGF.

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has been investigated in medical fields in recent years, but its effect on dental plaque micro-organisms has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial properties of nanosilver on two dental plaque microorganisms and to compare it with chlorhexidine.

In this experimental study, antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine against Streptococus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using microdilution method. Each experiment was repeated at least five times to ensure the accuracy of testing.

Results showed that the MIC of soluble silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine for Streptococcus sanguis were 16 and 256 µg/ml, respectively. Soluble silver nanoparticles had an MIC of 4 and chlorhexidine had an MIC of 64 µ g/ml for Actinomyces viscosus. The MBC of soluble silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine for Streptococcus sanguis were 64 and 512 µg/ml, respectively and for Actinomyces viscosus these figures were 16 and 102 µg/ml, respectively.

Silver nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity against Streptococus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus which was achieved by lower doses in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Regarding the high prevalence of hyperlipidaemia, which is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and uncertain reports about the relation between periodontal disease and serum lipid profile, this study was conducted to assess this relation. The historical cohort study was conducted on 52 cases including 26 persons with chronic periodontitis as case group, and 26 healthy subjects as control group. Both groups had the same age and weight ranges, sex, and diet, without any periodontal treatment history in the past six months, underling systemic disease such as diabetes, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs or active tobacco smoking history. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglyceride (TG) and Total Cholesterol (CHOL) were measured by direct enzymatic assay. TG level was 128.4±71.1 mg/dl in control group and 165.2± 83.7 in case group indicating a significantly higher level in case group (P<0.05). In control group, 30.8 percent and in case group, 61.5 percent had abnormal serum cholesterol levels, which presents a significantly higher level in case group (P<0.03). Other serum level indices did not show any significant difference. Although it seems that patients with chronic periodontal disease are more susceptible to hyperlipidemia, it is doubtful that the former causes an increase in serum lipid levels, so we suggest studying the effects of treating chronic periodontitis on serum lipid level.