gholam ali afrooz

Parents are the first role models for children. Thus, paying attention to family institution is essential. This research aims to design and evaluate the impact of family–based psychological intervention on strengthening the appeals of marriage in parents and their daughter’s spiritual vitality, educational performance, and attitude toward marriage.

The current research was quasi–experimental, employing a pretest–posttest and follow–up design. The study’s statistical population included all secondary school female students and their parents living in Tehran City, Iran, during the 2021–2022 academic year. Five girl high schools of education districts 1, 2, 5, 9, 18 of Tehran were randomly selected. From the students of these schools, 60 eligible students (who scored less than 120 on the educational performance scale and less than 150 on the spiritual vitality scale) were randomly selected as the research samples. Parents of 30 students in the experimental group were taught a family–based psychological program. The program was delivered in ten 120–minute sessions. The control group did not undergo any intervention. A follow–up test was performed one month after the posttest to assess the stability of the intervention. The study tools used in this research were the Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (2010), the Afrooz Spiritual Vitality Scale (2016), the Rosen and Brateen Marital Attitude Scale (1998), and the Educational Performance Pham–Taylor test (1999). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test)in SPSS software version 22. The significance level for all tests was set at p ≤ 0.05.

The analysis of variance of all variables (marital satisfaction, educational performance, spiritual vitality, and attitude toward marriage) was significant for intragroup (time) (p<0.001) and intergroup (p=0.042) factors. Thus, for variables of marital satisfaction, educational performance, spiritual vitality, and attitude toward marriage, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups during the research stages, indicating the effect of the intervention. The results showed that the mean marital satisfaction score in the experimental group in the posttest was more than in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, marital satisfaction in the follow–up stage significantly differed from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.463). The mean score of the attitude toward marriage in the experimental group in the posttest was more than that in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, the attitude toward marrige in the follow–up stage significantly differed from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.597). Results indicated that the mean score of spiritual vitalityin the experimental group in the posttest was more than in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, spiritual vitality in the follow–up stage was significantly different from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.198). Also, the mean educational performance score in the posttest experimental group was more than that in the pretest (p<0.001). In addition, educational performance in the follow–up stage was significantly different from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.560), indicating the stable effect of teaching a family–based psychologycal program in the follow–up stage on the mentioned variables.

Based on the study findings, family–based psychological intervention effectively improves marriage appeal in parents and their daughter’s spiritual vitality, educational performance, and attitude toward marriage.

Low self‐worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self‐worth in adolescence is important.

The aim of this study was to construct The Relationship between Parents' Marital Satisfaction and Popularity in the Family with Sense of Self-worth and Spiritual Vitality of Children Working in Gifted Schools

The research method is descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all talented students in Tehran during the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample consisted of 320 high school students in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling and responded to Afrooz marital satisfaction scale (2016), Popularity of parent’s scale (Afrooz, 2012), Spiritual vitality scale (Afrooz, 2014) and Self-Worth Scale (Crocker and et al, 2003). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS version 27.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and parental popularity with dimensions of spiritual vitality and self-worthiness (P< 0.05). Findings indicate that the proposed model fits the data appropriately. Also, 80% of the variance of self-worth is explained by marital satisfaction, parental popularity and spiritual vitality. In other words, couple's satisfaction and parental popularity directly and indirectly through spiritual vitality have a positive effect on students' self-worth. Couple's satisfaction and parental affection are associated with higher adolescents' self-worthiness.

The data were cross-sectional, so the direction of the effects could not be confirmed, but the findings support the idea that couple's satisfaction and parental popularity in children increase adolescent's vitality and self-worthiness.

The purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the documents and annual reports available in the welfare organization from 2010 to 2019, which were selected through available and targeted sampling, and in the international dimension, UNICEF's annual reports on educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in 2011. Reviewed by 2020. Some quantitative research data were analyzed using descriptive methods and content analysis was done in the document matching section. According to the findings, the number of exceptional children and teenagers who are covered by welfare has been increasing in recent years. The coefficient of correlation between the opinion of the families of exceptional children and adolescents and the welfare officials about the quantity and quality of educational support showed that the opinion of the families and the officials are aligned. According to the research conducted by UNICEF in 51 developing countries, 42% of girls and 51% of boys of exceptional and disabled children (average about 47%) managed to go to primary school, while in Iran this average reaches 62.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that education support in Iran is in a better situation than the UNICEF reports of developing countries.

Several factors may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Lifestyle, social relations, and socio-economic status can also influence how external stressors, including health crises, are perceived. However, limited research has addressed their role as risk factors in the severity of COVID-19 in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of In the investigation of the role of lifestyle, social relations and socio-economic status of the family in the severity of Covid-19.

This cross-sectional (analytical) research included all individuals aged 18 years and older in Kerman city who had experienced COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2021. The statistical sample, selected through stratified random sampling, comprised 180 hospitalized patients and 220 non-hospitalized patients out of a total of 146,000 patients. Data were collected using lifestyle questionnaires (Laali, 2013), quality of relationships (Pierce, 1991), and demographic questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the logistic regression method with SPSS26 software.

Logistic regression revealed that lifestyle, social relations, and socio-economic status significantly contribute to the severity of COVID-19 infection in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized adults. The likelihood of hospitalization is higher in COVID-19 patients with an inappropriate lifestyle, low socio-economic status, and weak social relations (p> 0.05).

Recognizing the role of these factors in the severity of COVID-19 enhances officials' understanding of their impact and strengthens preparedness for responding to potential future outbreaks or other infectious epidemics.

One of the common problems in the families of drug addicts is marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation. One of the effective treatments for marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation is family-oriented neuropsychological training.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of family-oriented neuropsychological training interventions on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married clients addicted to drugs.

The present study was a descriptive interventional and semi-experimental design with a (pre-test-post-test with control group) and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the married male clients addicted to narcotics admitted to the neuropsychiatric department of Kausar Semnan Hospital in Betveen 2022 and 2023 and considering the entry and exit criteria and available methods, 30 people were selected as a sample.. The tools of data collection were the standard questionnaires of marital discord by Spanier (1976) and cognitive regulation of emotion by Granfsky et al. (2001). The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.93, 0.88 percent), respectively. For data analysis, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Kolmogorov Smirnov and univariate analysis of covariance) were done using SPSS24 and EXCEL software.

Family-centered neuropsychological training interventions have an effect on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married drug dependent clients.

The effect of family-centered neuropsychological training interventions on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married clients dependent on drugs is powerful.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cognitive disorder and people with Down syndrome face this disease from middle age onwards, leading to numerous problems for the individuals and their families. Important factors, such as psychological, health, and educational variables, have not been investigated so far. This study aimed to compare the emotional bond and reading skills in adults with Down syndrome with and without AD.

This study has descriptive-causal-comparative prospective research aspects. The statistical population used in this research was all adults with Down syndrome in Kermanshah Province, the western part of Iran, which included 70 people from September to November 2013. The sampling was done in a census manner. Information was collected through a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made reading skills questionnaire, and Hillburn's Emotional Scale. Data analysis was performed in the descriptive dimension using statistical indices, and in the inferential dimension using the independent t-test and SPSS software.

There was no significant difference between the two groups of individuals with Down syndrome with and without AD in terms of family emotional bonds and subscales (t = 1.56, P = 0.05), but there was a significant difference in reading skills and subscales between the two groups with and without AD (t = 4.87, P = 0.05).

Adults with Down syndrome without AD were at a higher level in terms of reading skills compared to adults with Down syndrome with AD. This issue shows the importance of reading skills in preventing AD in these people and makes it stand out.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral couple therapy program on the marital satisfaction of parents and the internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of students with ASD.

Methods and Materials:

 This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all parents of 10- to 15-year-old male students with autism in Mashhad in 2023. The sampling method was convenience sampling, including 58 eligible parents of children with internalizing behavioral problems. These parents were selected from the Tebassom public center and the Mehr Amin private clinic and were divided into two groups: experimental and control. Data were collected using the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist, and GARS-2 Autism Rating Scale and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS.22 software.

The results indicated that the implementation of the cognitive-behavioral couple therapy program significantly impacted mothers' marital satisfaction (F=38.98, P<0.001), fathers' marital satisfaction (F=65.25, P<0.001), externalizing behavioral problems (F=61.80, P<0.001), and internalizing behavioral problems (F=29.48, P<0.001) of children with autism.

It can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral couple therapy program effectively improves the marital satisfaction of parents and the internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems of children with ASD. This approach can be utilized to reduce the psychological issues of children with ASD.

 The main goal of planning governments is to provide physical, mental, and social support to people by providing them with relevant facilities. The purpose of this study was to compare the implementation of the laws related to the educational support of exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) international organization.

 The research method was qualitative and adaptive. The sample included the documents and annual reports available in the Organization for Education of Exceptional Children and the Welfare Organization of Iran that were selected through available and targeted sampling from 2011 to 2020, and an international dimension, UNICEF annual reports on educational support for exceptional children and adolescents from 2011 to 2020. Some quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive methods, and content analysis was done in the documentation adaptation section. According to the findings, the number of exceptional children and adolescents covered by well-being has increased in recent years.

 The Phi correlation coefficient between families of exceptional children and adolescents and welfare authorities on the quantity and quality of educational support showed that the views of families and authorities were in harmony. According to a UNICEF study in 51 developing countries, 42% of female and 51% of male exceptional and disabled children (an average of about 47%) managed to attend primary school, while in Iran, the average was 62.5%.

 It can be concluded that educational support in Iran is better than UNICEF reports from developing countries.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of emotion-focused therapy on executive functions in individuals who have experienced sexual trauma. The target population was all sexually assaulted individuals who visited the Iran Trauma Institute in Mashhad in 2021. The research method was practical in nature, and the data collection was quantitative and experimental. Three of the ten individuals selected as samples were women, as determined by the entry criteria. Childhood trauma questionnaires (CTQ), Emotional visual working memory capacity (EVWMC) were implemented in this investigation. Visual analysis of the graphs depicting the changes in the research variables and the effect size of each variable on the clients, as well as the percentage of improvement and the percentage of reduction in their score changes, were employed to conduct the data analysis using the appropriate formulas in the SPSS-26 software. The effect sizes of emotion-focused therapy of trauma (EFTT) on the working memory capacity of individuals with sexual trauma were relatively high in all three participants during both the intervention and follow-up periods. The results indicated that EFTT enhanced the executive function of working memory capacity in sexually traumatized individuals from a clinical perspective, thereby preventing sexual revictimization.

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

 The present study aimed to present a structural model of resilience based on psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is descriptive and correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all parents of children with cancer under the care of the Mahak Institute in 2022, whose children were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and were in the treatment process. The sample size was considered to be 250 individuals, selected through convenience sampling. In the end, 236 completed and eligible questionnaires were obtained. The primary data for this study were collected using the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier & Carver, 2015), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001). Descriptive statistics (central indices, skewness-kurtosis) and inferential statistics, including structural equation modeling, were used to analyze the data.

 The results of the study, through correlation and regression tests, indicated that the structural model of the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in parents of children with cancer fits well. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies do not mediate the relationship between resilience and psychological optimism in parents of children with cancer.

 Resilience, psychological optimism, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, as an intertwined set, play a fundamental role in overcoming psychological and emotional disturbances in parents of children with cancer.

Autism spectrum disorders, being neurodevelopmental, present with serious difficulties in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. This research aimed to investigate the efficacy of couples therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach on the marital satisfaction of parents and the externalized behavioral problems of students with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research design was quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The population for this study consisted of all parents of male students aged 10 to 15 with autism in Mashhad in the year 2023. Sampling was conducted through a convenience method, including 58 qualified parents of children with internalized behavioral problems, selected from the parents at the Tabbasum public center and the Mehr Amin private clinic, and were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Spouses' Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2, and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software version 22.

The results indicated that implementing couples therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach significantly affected mothers' marital satisfaction (F=38.98, P<0.001), fathers' marital satisfaction (F=65.25, P<0.001), and the externalized behavioral problems (F=61.80, P<0.001) of children with autism spectrum disorder.

It can be concluded that couples therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach is effective in enhancing the marital satisfaction of parents and addressing the externalized behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder. This approach can be utilized to reduce the psychological issues of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Researches about the development and effectiveness of the family-centered psychological intervention program on the importance of promoting spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis are limited. Therefore, the aim of the current research, in addition to developing a program, was to determine the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological intervention on the improvement of spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The research design included two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, a family-centered intervention program was developed and in the quantitative part of this research, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a three-month follow-up along with a control group. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included psychology professors, multiple sclerosis patients and psychologists living in Tehran who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients. The sample included 4 psychology professors, 4 psychologists who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients, and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis who were selected in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study includes all patients with multiple sclerosis living in Tehran who were members of the MS Association and in the spring of 2023, they referred to the MS Association. In order to form two groups using the purposeful sampling method, First, 32 people were selected and then they were randomly grouped into two experimental and control groups. Questionnaires and surveys were used to collect qualitative data. also, Afrooz spiritual vitality questionnaire (2015) was used to collect data in the quantitative part. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the Laushe method and the data in the quantitative part by using mixed variance analysis tests with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 22.

The results of the validation of the developed program showed that the family-oriented psychological program has high validity (r=0.84). Other results showed that between spiritual vitality (F = 5.730, P = 0.023) and its components including feelings and behavior (F = 5.395, P = 0.027) and beliefs (5.754). F, P=0.023) there is a significant difference in the experimental and control groups, and this difference is the result of the implementation of the family-oriented psychological program intervention in the experimental group.

According to the results of this research, the developed family-centered intervention program is an effective method in improving spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis, therefore, multiple sclerosis therapists and centers are advised to use family-oriented psychological intervention programs to improve the psychological status of these patients.

Researches about the development and effectiveness of the family-centered psychological intervention program on the importance of promoting spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis are limited. Therefore, the aim of the current research, in addition to developing a program, was to determine the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological intervention on the improvement of spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The research design included two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, a family-centered intervention program was developed and in the quantitative part of this research, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a three-month follow-up along with a control group. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included psychology professors, multiple sclerosis patients and psychologists living in Tehran who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients. The sample included 4 psychology professors, 4 psychologists who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients, and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis who were selected in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study includes all patients with multiple sclerosis living in Tehran who were members of the MS Association and in the spring of 2023, they referred to the MS Association. In order to form two groups using the purposeful sampling method, First, 32 people were selected and then they were randomly grouped into two experimental and control groups. Questionnaires and surveys were used to collect qualitative data. also, Afrooz spiritual vitality questionnaire (2015) was used to collect data in the quantitative part. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the Laushe method and the data in the quantitative part by using mixed variance analysis tests with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 22.

The results of the validation of the developed program showed that the family-oriented psychological program has high validity (r=0.84). Other results showed that between spiritual vitality (F = 5.730, P = 0.023) and its components including feelings and behavior (F = 5.395, P = 0.027) and beliefs (5.754). F, P=0.023) there is a significant difference in the experimental and control groups, and this difference is the result of the implementation of the family-oriented psychological program intervention in the experimental group.

According to the results of this research, the developed family-centered intervention program is an effective method in improving spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis, therefore, multiple sclerosis therapists and centers are advised to use family-oriented psychological intervention programs to improve the psychological status of these patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of gender in the relationship between age and learning style in students with Down syndrome. The current research method is descriptive-correlation and survey research with a quantitative approach. The statistical population includes all slow-paced students with Down syndrome who were busy studying in  Tehran and  Razavi Khorasan city in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample size was 100 girls with an average age of 13.12 ± 0.36 and 100 boys with an average age of 13.6 ± 0.44, who were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect information, VAK learning style questionnaire (VLSQ) was used. In order to analyze the findings, SPSS22 software was used and to check the research hypothesis, the regression equation test was used. The findings showed that age and visual learning style are negative, that is, this style decreases with increasing age, and the gender variable moderates the relationship between age and visual learning style, and on the other hand, age and auditory and kinesthetic learning style are positive. That is, this style increases with age and gender variable moderates the relationship between age and auditory and kinesthetic learning style, It seems age can affect who have a kinesthetic and auditory learning style, and gender modulates this relationship, It is suggested that teachers consider age and gender as effective factors for improving educational level.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the family-oriented program on psychological distress and adherence to treatment in people with diabetes and hypertension. The present study was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. 40 people with diabetes and hypertension were selected to enter the study. Then, 40 volunteers participating in the research and eligible to enter the research were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 people by matching them in terms of age and history of diabetes. The data collection tool included demographic information questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale and Madanlo's questionnaire of adherence to treatment orders. The comparison of means indicates the effectiveness of the family-based program against the control group. Considering the different experimental and control groups, there is a significant difference between the anxiety scores in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. For the depression variable, the main effect of the group is substantial (Ƞ2=0.423 Ƞ^2=0.423 Ƞ2=0.423, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=27.846 F=27.846 F=27.846), indicating a significant overall difference in mean depression scores between the two groups. The results show that the main effect of time is substantial (Ƞ2=0.781 Ƞ^2=0.781 Ƞ2=0.781, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=135.824 F=135.824 F=135.824). For the stress variable, the main effect of the group is significant (Ƞ2=0.634 Ƞ^2=0.634 Ƞ2=0.634, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=65.767 F=65.767 F=65.767), indicating a significant overall difference in mean stress scores between the two groups. For the treatment adherence variable, the main effect of the group is substantial (Ƞ2=0.80 Ƞ^2=0.80 Ƞ2=0.80, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=172.726 F=172.726 F=172.726). The main effect of time is significant (Ƞ2=0.985 Ƞ^2=0.985 Ƞ2=0.985, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=2516.562 F=2516.562 F=2516.562), meaning that the changes in mean scores from the pre-test to the post-test and follow-up stages are significant regardless of the experimental and control groups. The results of this research showed that the family-based program is efficacious in improving treatment adherence and psychological distress in employees with diabetes and hypertension. Family empowerment involves providing and teaching a health-promoting lifestyle to families of individuals with chronic disorders, helping families cope with familial problems related to chronic disorders, and strengthening family strengths to improve the safety, well-being, and adaptation of the affected individual. Family empowerment in self-management and self-care for chronic disorders is an intervention that focuses on strengthening the core values of caregivers (families). Family empowerment can also increase positive control of mind and body, preventive care, and constructive relationships with the environment, enhance positive emotions, and improve the family's ability to manage the disorder independently. The more individuals control and master their living environment, particularly stressful life conditions, the greater their sense of inner satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-belief, leading to better psychological well-being. Conversely, individuals suffering from stress-induced hypertension often lack cognitive and behavioral skills to control stressful environmental events, generally doubting their abilities and constantly worrying about negative evaluations from others regarding themselves and their behaviors.

Adolescence is the most important developmental stage of every human being, which may be associated with behavioral disorders and be neglected by the family.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of family-oriented communication skills enrichment program in order to improve marital satisfaction and emotional regulation of adolescent children with emotional disorders.

The research was of pseudo-experimental type with random assignment and with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The research tools were Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1390), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2013), and family-oriented communication skills enrichment program (Vadoudi et al., 1402) was held in the form of 23 group sessions for the experimental group. Data analysis showed multivariate covariance analysis of repeated measurements type.

The family-oriented communication skills enrichment program has improved marital satisfaction, emotion regulation, and also reduced the clinical symptoms of children with emotional disorders, and these results are stable in the follow-up (p<0.01).

In the enrichment program of family-oriented communication skills, behavior signs and negative thoughts, the causes of events, emotional and cognitive signs are identified and ways to correct and get rid of false beliefs and healthy alternatives are taught. which will improve the interpersonal relationships of the couple and the experienced emotions. The training of family-oriented communication skills will ensure that the person is prepared in terms of knowledge and insight to perform some interpersonal interactive skills because the person has learned an optimal level of cognitive functioning and the methods and It has preparations that are healthy, safe, effective and affordable.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a family-based behavioral management program on dysfunctional attitudes and psychological well-being in adolescents with a propensity for Drug use.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. The statistical population of the research included all adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use who were referred to the Pardis Psychology Clinic in Rasht City in 2023, along with their parents. Among these, 28 people were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14). Participants in both groups completed the dysfunctional attitude scale and the psychological well-being scale in pre- and post-tests. Group training on family-based behavioral management was conducted over 10 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, with one session per week for the experimental group. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings of this research showed that family-based behavioral management program training decreased dysfunctional attitudes and increased psychological well-being in adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use.

According to the results of this research, family-based interventions can have significant implications in the field of psychological health and the prevention of Drug in adolescence.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the family-oriented sensorymotor empowerment program on the reading ability of students with Down syndrome.

The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-testpost-test with a control group. The statistical population included all students with Down syndrome in Kashan City in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of 30 students in the age range of 8-12 years, who were selected by available sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups (each consisted of 15 children). The data collection tool was Kormi Nouri and Moradi's reading and dyslexia test (2004). Covariance test was used to analyze the data.

The results showed a substantial difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of reading ability (p<0.01).

Based on the research results, we suggest the family-oriented sensory-motor empowerment program as a suitable intervention to improve the reading ability of students with Down syndrome.

Students endowed with creative and critical thinking, alongside their unique intellectual and behavioral styles, confront academic and social life challenges. They efficiently fulfill their duties by optimally utilizing their existential forces and spirituality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of a model of student creativity based on perceived competence with the mediation of perfectionism.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of this study was descriptive-correlational. For this purpose, 300 students were selected using cluster random sampling and responded to the Abedi Creativity Scale (1993), the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (1982), and the Frost, Marten, Lahart, and Rosenblate Perfectionism Scale (1995). Data analysis was performed using path analysis. Additionally, SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software were utilized for classification, processing, data analysis, and hypothesis testing.

The evaluation of the hypothesized model using fit indices showed that the model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.93, NFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.07). Overall, in the proposed model of the study, the results indicated that perceived competence is related to creativity both directly and indirectly through perfectionism (p<0.05). Moreover, the results showed a positive and significant relationship between perceived competence and perfectionism.

Therefore, to enhance student creativity, intervening in perceived competence and perfectionism could be significant.

Following the publication of a report on sustainable development issues, the United Nations identified creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship as key elements to address sustainable development challenges. The primary objective of this study was to present an appropriate conceptual model for entrepreneurial competence based on cognitive components and personality traits with an emphasis on creativity. In this context, to achieve a comprehensive and hypothetical understanding of the psychological factors' impact on entrepreneurship, an integration of both the creativity and entrepreneurship domains was utilized.

Methods and Materials: 

This study employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. According to the qualitative meta-synthesis method, the research population included all Persian and English scientific documents (research articles, theses, and books) published in the field of entrepreneurship from 2010 to 2022. To assess the quality of the found articles, the impact factor of a scientific journal was examined, and 90 articles were approved. Then, the relevant data from each article were extracted and entered into MAXQDA software. After reaching saturation, content analysis in this software was a systematic and continuous process of data comparison, conducted in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, based on Strauss and Corbin's approach.

The results showed that the conceptual model of entrepreneurial competence based on cognitive components and personality traits with regard to creativity includes the following: Personality traits (dynamism and restlessness, lively interaction and humor combined with personal discipline, thoughtful extraversion, ambition with altruism, simultaneous femininity and masculinity, rebellious and independent, passionate yet realistic and goal-oriented, suffering and pain along with much pleasure, determined and serious yet flexible, internal control source, openness and the expansiveness of fantasy rooted in realities, emotional stability with emotional steadiness, hardworking and perseverance combined with responsibility). Cognitive components (intelligence quotient above 120, active memory, attention and concentration, convergent and divergent thinking), Contextual conditions (planning ability, organizational ability, time management and control, reasoning power, judgment ability, decision-making power, problem-solving ability, impulse control), Intermediate conditions (cognitive flexibility, ambiguity and conditions of uncertainty and certainty, being active, experience-seeking and risk-taking).

It can be concluded that a multidimensional empirical approach of cognitive components and personality traits provides more information.

The Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory-Patient Version 3 (SC-CHDI v3) is a globally used tool for assessing self-care behaviors among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to translate the SC-CHDI v3 into Farsi, validate it, and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian patients.

The translation of the original SC-CHDI v3 into Farsi was conducted in 2022 at Shaheed Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Tehran, Iran, following a standard forward-backward approach. The validation process included face, content, and construct validity. A panel of 10 experts scored each item's necessity on an ordinal Likert scale of three. The content validity ratio (CVR) was computed using the Lawshe formula. Ten judges from the predefined panel rated each item on a 4-point Likert scale regarding relevancy, clarity, and simplicity for individual CVI calculation. The mean individual-CVI was used to determine the Scale-CVI for each domain. Questions with minimum values of CVR and CVI were retained for reliability evaluation. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α and McDonald's Omega. Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

All questions achieved CVR values exceeding 0.62 and CVI scores of 0.80 or higher, and thus were retained in the questionnaire. Face validity evaluation indicated that all questions were deemed acceptable in terms of relevance and clarity. Cronbach's α coefficients for self-care maintenance and monitoring were 0.802 and 0.817, respectively, while McDonald's Omega for the self-care management scale was0.725. The ICC was 0.81, demonstrating good test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed relative goodness of fit for all dimensions.

The Farsi version of the SC-CHDI v3 proved to be a reliable tool for assessing self-care behaviors among Iranian CHD patients, enabling healthcare professionals to develop personalized self-care interventions.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can be exacerbated by stress, poor compliance and self-care practices. This study investigated the effects of self-care training combined with stress management on treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) people.

This is a randomized clinical trial with repeated measures. The study sample included 30 T2DM who were purposively selected among the eligible members of the Kerman Diabetes Association. The participants were randomized to the experimental group (stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-care training) (n=15) and the control group (no intervention) (n=15). Both groups completed the Medanlo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire at the pretest, posttest, and follow-up time points. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA.

The post-test and follow-up mean scores of treatment adherence significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group (P< 0.001). In addition, the results demonstrated that treatment adherence improved in follow-up (P< 0.001).

According to the study results, psychological training should be integrated with self-care training to achieve long lasting treatment adherence in T2DM people.

In diabetes, stress lack of adherence to therapy, and poor self-care can worsen the condition of the affected people. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management methods based on cognitive behavioral approach and self-care training and the combination of both on health status in people with type 2 diabetes. The present study is a randomized four-group double-blind clinical trial. The research sample included 60 people with type 2 diabetes selected purposefully among the members of the Diabetes Association and Private offices in Kerman City. The participants, after matching in terms of age and gender, were randomly replaced into 4 groups of 15 people (group 1: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, group 2: self-care training, group 3: stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy + self-care training, the control group: without any intervention) and the experimental groups received the relevant interventions in 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up of the members of all 4 groups were performed by health status questionnaire from the World Health Organization. According to the results of the SPANOVA analysis, the mean scores of health status in the post-test and follow-up phases were increased compared to the pre-test phase and the occurred increase remained stable until the follow-up phase. Conclusion According to the findings of the study, the combination of medical and psychological interventions is necessary to improve the health status and stability of the obtained results.

This study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors of students' tendency towards ethics. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 98 Iranian faculty members, university administrators, experts, staff, and students who were selected through criterion sampling. The findings suggest that there are eight facilitating factors such as “structural, functional, social, cultural, personal, religious, study-research-driven, and educational" factors, and there are also nine hindering factors (obstacles) such as “structural, social, performance-related, political, personal, functional, conceptual, informative-cognitive, and cultural” factors. Drawing upon the understanding of a wide range of academic activists, this study identifies new and more complete dimensions and components of the factors concerning the tendency or non-tendency of students towards ethics in the university environment. It is recommended to use these results to develop academic ethics in higher education more efficiently.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a family-centered sensory and motor interactive activities program in enhancing the motor and developmental abilities of infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months who have a medical history of low birth weight. The design of the study was combined methods (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population comprised infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months who had a documented history of low birth weight in Tehran in 2022. The study sample comprised twenty-eight infants, ranging in age from twelve to twenty-four months, whose mothers were selected using a readily available sampling method. The participants were allocated into two groups—experimental and control—at random. The Children's Developmental Screening Scale, third edition of Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ3TM) was utilized in both cohorts. Two sessions of the family-centered program for mothers and sixteen sessions for children in the experimental group were taken into account. The statistical analysis software SPSS version 26 was utilized to analyze the data. Initially, the descriptive analysis of the variables, the normality of the assumptions, and the equality of the variance of the variables in the groups were examined. Subsequently, univariate analysis of covariance was employed to examine the research hypotheses. The results of the covariance analysis demonstrated that the family-centered interactive activities program for sensory and motor development was effective. A significant difference has been observed between the experimental and control groups with regard to developmental skills between the pre-test and post-test (P<0.005). Motor and developmental skills among children aged 12 to 24 months with a history of low birth weight can be enhanced through entertainment programs that incorporate suitable structure, according to the findings of this study. It is recommended that future research investigate the efficacy of this program on children of average weight and conduct longitudinal studies.