h.dargahi

In the recent years, the age of children and toddlers which use electronical and digital devices, for example televisions, is decreased. As a result, long time exposure to these devices cause impact on cognitive and language and motor skills of children and toddlers leading to concern among their parents. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the determination of electronical devices impact on development of language, cognitive and motor skills of children and toddlers in health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This research was a cross- section and analytical study conducted in health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences at 2020-2021. This research community was 306 children and toddlers between 18 to 30 months old. The research sample was determined by Krejcie & Morgan table based on inclusion criteria’s and random allocation during different days. The research tools of this research were demographic, ASQ questionnaire and McArthore words inventory which their face and content validity and reliability was confirmed. The data analyzed by SPSS software and person regression test.

We observed no regression between duration use of television and the other electronic device and the age groups of children and toddlers. Also, there was negative regression showed between motor skills of children and toddlers and their age groups (P=0.004, r=-0.979). Although, the negative regression between 20, 27, and 30 age groups of children and toddlers and duration of parent’s employment, (P=0.031, r=0.833, P=0.002, r=0.988, P=0.045, 0.767) and positive regression between cognitive and motor development of children and toddlers and their parent’s education (P=0.041, r=0.568, P=0.002, r=0.988, P=0.045, r=0.767).

As a result, long time exposure to television and digital devices, job status and educational level of parents impressed evolutionary area of their children and toddlers. Therefore it is necessary to create limitation on using these types of devices, and the presence of parents with their children and reducing the duration of their employment and having high education have positive impression on their cognitive mental and motor development.

Background and

Given the increasing development of traditional medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has noted data management of traditional medicine and the need for acquiring the existing knowledge through the accurate exchange of information as well as preservation and protection of traditional knowledge resources. The use of traditional medicine in developing countries and developed countries is increasingly expanding. The purpose of this study is to develop a traditional medicine information management processing.

This is a review article which is carried out using books, articles, national and international journals as well as electronic resources and websites available on the Internet.

Despite the increasing development of traditional medicine, information has not been developed. Information development through web-based resources, proper communication with physicians and pharmaceutical packaging can lead to the development of information and quality of care. WHO has become a convenient and reliable source for information exchange. A global database of traditional medicine as well as a global database of medicinal herbs has been developed by WHO. The recommendations of WHO on documentation of traditional medicine include initial complaint recording, medical history, the findings of the physical examination, examination diagnosis and treatment plan, privacy and patient satisfaction, insurance and legal reports. Data elements should be standardized for comparison. The data can be transferred using electronic records. Furthermore, the record of data and assessment of patient’s status will be done better. WHO published the international standard terminology that is the underlying data to better understanding of actions, research and training and developing a database to retrieve articles. The chapter 23 of the book, ICD_11, is developed to make evidence-based traditional medicine, terminology, diagnosis classification, and designed interventions. It is also widely used in the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project which employs a wide range of traditional medicine knowledge worldwide.

Given the development of traditional medicine, therapeutic interventions and medicinal complications of traditional and conventional medicine cause risks to patients. Development of reliable information and proper communication of patients and physicians will be helpful. Standard documentation, the global database and international classification and naming resources will integrate information and develop global statistics. Information development and information management process have an important role in improvement of patient care.

Strategic thinking plays a very important role in continuing survival and development in today''s dynamic and changing environments. Strategic thinking is a tool that helps managers creates development plans and new opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of strategic thinking with the elements of Goldman model including conceptual thinking، systematic thinking، clever opportunism، and providence.

The statistical population of this descriptive correlation study consisted of 97 senior managers from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The dominant thinking of the University was assessed based on Goldman’s model of strategic thinking (2005). A standard questionnaire was used for data collection; SPSS 18 was used for the analysis of the data. Moreover، Cronbach alpha coefficient، one sample t-test، Frequency Table، and Column chart were used.

The results confirmed that all components of the model had been implemented in the organization in the following sequence: systematic thinking، conceptual thinking، providence، and clever opportunism.

According to the findings، managers adhere to a good level of strategic thinking. Systematic thinking and clever opportunism had the highest and lowest applications، respectively.

Assessment and evaluation are crucial steps in educational process that play major role in the process of medical education، by certifying competent physicians who can take care of the public health. The purpose of this study was investigation of clinical medical teachers'' opinion about using clinical assessment tools in their clinical setting.

The survey was a descriptive study that was done in Tehran city universities. Population under the study consisted of academic clinical experts that work as faculty members. The questionnaire was made by using the suggested criteria by ACGME and other valid scientific resources. 83 questionnaires were collected Analysis of data was conducted with SPSS version 17، using descriptive statistics.

Results indicated that the majority of the subjects believe that، the dominant method in clinical setting is MCQ method. OSCE and Logbook are the next methods. Furthermore، MSF and Portfolio are not used often. However، in Iran University Medical Sciences، the variation of clinical assessment tools were more than other two universities.

It seems that، measurement competency and performance had been toward simulation and unreal situations. The results show that، only in a limited number of clinical training environments، the performance evaluation and real clinical activity has been emphasized.

The operating room is one of the main units in a hospital, where the most important phase of treatment is performed. Due to the physical properties, use of gases, and different electric devices in the operating room, the safety of both the patients and the staff should be considered carefully. This study aims to estimate the safety standards of the operating rooms in ‎Tehran University Hospitals and to provide solutions to the existing problems.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the operating rooms of TUMS hospitals. The research instrument was a checklist used by interviewers while observing the place. The safety standards were studied in terms of physical environment, protection against fire‎, personnel safety, patient's safety, and infection control. The data were analyzed by SPSS software.

The overall safety of the operating rooms of TUMS hospitals was found to be 84.9 percent. The figures for infection control and personnel safety, however, were lower.

The operating rooms of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals were studied in terms of five safety standards. Considering the physical environment, fire protection, and patient safety, they were quite safe but as to infection control they were relatively safe. However, they were found to be unsafe regarding the safety of their staff. Tehran Heart Center with an overall safety of 97.5% for its operating rooms can be considered as a model for the other TUMS treatment centers.

One of the most important reasons why organizations are distinguished from one another is the degree of application and implementation of information technology in their organizational activities. In this regard, individual factors contribute considerably to the application of information technology (IT). Such factors include employee's perceptions and attitudes towards information technology and their demographic characteristics which affect the level of information technology acceptance and implementation.

In this cross-sectional study, 110 middle managers from teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) were chosen. A structured questionnaire was used as the data collection device and its validity and reliability were confirmed by a pilot study.

Of the participants, 62.9% were males and 37.1% were females. The findings show that there is a statistically significant relationship between perception and making decisions based on the implementation of information technology. However, there was no significant relationship between work experience, education and training on the one hand and IT implementation on the other.

The results show that human factors (perception and decision) have a considerable impact on the implementation of information technology. Top managers and experts should consider the important aspects of human factors and also the factors affecting them.

Using Hirsch index as an important tool to describe the scientific outputs of researchers has caused some authors to increase their self-imposed parameters, increase, citing themselves. Therefore it is necessary to consider the effect of self-citation on Hirsch index for every author to have better measuring on the quality of researchers scientific production.

This research is descriptive method of citation analysis in general and specifically self-citation analysis. The study, are Iranian prolific authors in the field of medicine that have at least 30 documents indexed in Web of Science database between 2004 to 2006. Citations following up was studied till December 2010.Results was analysis using Excel software version 2007.

The average self-citation observed between prolific authors in medical field was 25/89 percent. Hirsch index for 30/77 percent of authors had changed considerably. The authors rating scheme based on Hirsch index was done after removing self - citation so that 38/46 percent of authors decreased to lower level.Discussion and

Considering that 10 to 30 percent of self-citation can be normal and justified, the status of self-citatin of Iranian prolific authors in medical field is desirable. Also, lower rates of self - citation of these authors doesnot affect Hirsch index.

Analysis of efficiency in hospitals, as the most expensive operating unit of the health system, is very important. This costly unit has several departments that one of them is medical records. This study is trying to analyze the efficiency of medical records department for the enhancement of using medical records facilities.

In this study, technical, scale and managerial efficiency of medical records department has been studied by data envelopment analysis method, and assuming the scale efficiency variable and the input axis. Information used in this study was the input variables (number of technician personnel and lower and Master of Science personnel and higher), output variables (number of emergency and outpatient and inpatient medical records and the number of filing unit visitors to respond) during 2007-2009.

The average technical efficiency of medical records departments is 84 percent, that indicates there is at least 16 percent capacity for an increase in performance. Average of management and scale Performance in units during the 3 years of study are 95 and 89 percent respectively. Most input surplus is relevant to technician and lower personnel. The average performance of these units in general hospitals is 80 percent and in specialized activities is 92 percent.Discussion and

Relationship between studied indicators in this study with performance medical records departments showed that using such as employee personnel with undergraduate degrees and higher and educated in medical records filed, the use of managers with enough experience in this department and more use of computer systems for unit activities can fill 16 percent capacity of performance improvement in these units.

Ever-increasing development of access to appropriate software and hardware for e-learning especially development of worldwide web has suggested new horizons for educational institutes. It is much important in medical sciences, because Medical Sciences deal with the health of human beings. Since beside issues related to education, research and information production, appropriate treatment of the patients is possible through having up to date and new information as well. For this reason Medical Sciences utilize information technology as soon as possible in order to prepare essential information for physicians quickly. This article discusses the role of e-learning in Medical Sciences universities.

in this literature review article, gathering information has been done by using paper and paperless documents related to the topic.

For implementing of e-learning in Medical Sciences organization there should be some infra-structures, standards and skills which are to be noted prior to commencing e-learning. These infra-structures, standards and skills play a special role in successful implementation of e-learning.

Regarding the advantages of e-learning naturally possesses, there is no doubt in necessity of developing Medical Sciences e-learning. But the ways of efficient access to this sort of education is much more important. So, it is recommended that by comparing the existing process in the world and using the experiences of prominent countries in this field, the most appropriate method be chosen and applied.

To examine the problem of internet addiction within the perspective of consumers· personality, behavior and demographic characteristics.

This cross-sectional study was performed using 3 questionnaires, including Young's scale to measure the degree of tendency towards internet addiction and Mayer's - Briggs Type indicator (MBTI)• which has four dimensions for personality- and Dean's Alienation Scales (DAS) to measure alienation. There were a total of 732 respondents, aged 15 to 39 years. Responses were analyzed using factor analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression techniques.

Thirty percent of the respondents were addicted to the internet and showed various degrees of alienation, a sense of being powerless, isolated, introverted or excessively emotional.

It is essential to organize educational programs and counseling services to decrease internet addiction within Iranian families.