hadi esmaeili gouvarchin ghaleh

Despite the advancements made in various fields of lung cancer treatment, surgery is still recognized as the most effective method for treating this type of cancer, often in conjunction with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Drug resistance, side effects, and the lack of selectivity of these methods have led researchers to continually seek novel and targeted approaches for lung cancer treatment. Among these innovative methods is the use of oncolytic viruses. Various studies have shown that the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic activity, as it selectively replicates in tumor cells due to their inadequate antiviral response. The aim of the present study is to enhance the anticancer potential of the NDV using electrical pulses (EP) in lung cancer cell lines. In this study, after culturing A549 cells, the effective dose of the NDV was determined. Then, the levels of cell viability, apoptosis percent, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured in cancer groups treated with the NDV, with or without EP. The results of the present study showed that the apoptosis rate (69.00±7.54%), production of ROS (2.08±0.037-fold change), and LDH (73.87±2.07%) in the group treated with the NDV along with EP increased compared to other treatment groups and the control group, while cell viability (45.80±2.70%) significantly decreased. Based on the results of the current study, it appears that EP lead to an increase in the anticancer potential of the NDV in lung cancer cell lines.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. The speed of wound healing is very important in the healing process. Research shows that the use of natural products and traditional medicine methods in treating many diseases and wounds has spread worldwide. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the histopathological effectiveness of Pistacia atlantica extract (Beneh) in improving the experimental model of diabetic wounds. 

This study was conducted on 48 BALB/c mice. To induce type 2 diabetes, the animals received a high-fat diet for two weeks, and then a single dose of 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally. The wound was created by an excisional wound splinting model and biopsy punch. Glucose level was measured with a glucometer, and insulin level was measured using an ELISA kit. Histopathological examination was also done using hematoxylin/eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining.

The macroscopic study showed that the wound size was reduced in both P. atlantica extract and silver sulfadiazine groups compared to the wound control group. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining also showed a reduction in inflammation in the wound area in the treatment groups. The re-epithelialization occurred well in both treatment groups. However, its speed was higher in the P. atlantica-treated group than in the silver sulfadiazine group. Masson’s trichrome staining results showed the collagen fibers in the P. atlantica group have a more regular arrangement than silver and wound control groups. The results of the serum analysis also showed that the gum extract of P. atlantica reduced the production of NO and MPO in the treatment groups compared to the control group.

The results of our study showed that the use of P. atlantica extract topically in the diabetic wound area can improve the rate of closure and re-epithelialization in the diabetic wound by reducing inflammation.

According to numerous studies, colorectal cancer will probably become more common over the next few decades. This phenomenon causes by population growth, ageing, and rising rates of crucial risk factors from people's lifestyle, such as idleness and malnutrition. The approach of Surgery to remove malignancies is typically the first step of colon cancer treatment. There may also be a recommendation for additional therapies like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, there is always a need to develop novel cancer treatment strategies due to drug resistance and lack of targeted approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21 on the colorectal cancer mouse model.

Colorectal cancer mouse modelling was carried out by injecting 5×106 CT-26 cells (a colonic carcinoma cell line) into the left flank of female BALB/c mice. After noticing the palpable tumor, proceed to treat them with oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21 (106 TCID50/ml, twice at one-week interval). The mice in each group were put to death ten days after the last therapy to assess the efficacy of the treatment.

The present study results demonstrated that treatment with Coxsackievirus A21 increased the level of NO production, LDH, and IFN-γ levels and significantly reduced the secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in compared with control group.

In our mouse model of colorectal cancer, the Coxsackievirus A21 therapy encouraged favorable outcomes. The current study also showed that inducing innate anti-tumor immunity, which was more potent than that seen with monotherapy, and immune deviation from anti-inflammatory cytokines (like IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β) to pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ might contribute to the beneficial effects of the combination.

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of autoimmune disease that results in chronic inflammation of the joint synovial tissue, leading to joint damage and significant disability. Despite ongoing research, the exact cause of RA remains unclear, and current treatments have limitations. This study explores the potential of utilizing interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and anti-inflammatory macrophages polarized in the vicinity of the supernatant from allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a novel therapeutic approach for RA.

 An expression cassette containing the IL-1RA gene was constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21. The resulting protein was purified and stabilized for use in in vivo experiments. Bone marrow MSCs were isolated and used to produce anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages from the isolated peripheral blood monocytes. The macrophages were then used to treat mice with RA induced by collagen type II.

 The combination of IL-1RA and M2 macrophages improved clinical and histopathological symptoms of the disease, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, and modulated the immune system in the treated mouse groups. The results showed that this combinatory therapy had a synergistic effect for RA treatment.

 The simultaneous use of IL-1RA and M2 cells could be a promising approach for the treatment of RA. This combinatory therapy has the potential to improve the disease and decrease the severity of inflammation in patients with RA.

Many domestic and wild avian species are afflicted with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an infectious bird illness. It is a zoonotic illness with a broad geographic prevalence. The avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 virus, together with viruses of the other eight serotypes (avian paramyxovirus 1–9), has been classified as belonging to the genus Avulavirus, subfamily paramyxovirinae, and family paramyxoviridae. Most of Asia, Africa, and certain North and South American nations have endemic outbreaks of the dangerous NDV virus in chickens. The clinical symptoms of Paramyxovirus, a virus with a global distribution that affects chickens of all ages, vary greatly depending on the viral strain, species and age of the bird, treatment, concomitant diseases, and pre-existing immunity. Respiratory aerosols, exposure to faeces and other excretions fromdiseased birds, recently introduced birds, selling and giving away ill birds, and contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, cannibalism,and clothes are all ways that NDV is spread. The clinical manifestations of the illness include rales, tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twistednecks, circling, colonic spasms, and total paralysis. When a human is exposed to high levels of the virus, Newcastle disease virus may result inconjunctivitis. Since the dawn of civilization, natural remedies derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine sources have beenused to cure a variety of illnesses. The basis for contemporary drug research is information from our predecessors. This review aims to provide asuccinct overview of the effects of herbal medicines in treating the Newcastle disease virus.

Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. According to recent research, microbiota composition, vitamin D level, and the immune system are the three most important elements that should have been taken into account in determining susceptibility to IBD disease. There is broad agreement that alterations in the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota are related to IBD susceptibility (dysbiosis). In IBD disease, the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome is changed and the beneficial ones are replaced by the pathogenic microbiome. Furthermore, a drop in serum vitamin D levels is noted in IBD patients. Vitamin D prevents the onset of IBD by reducing inflammatory cytokines and cells as well as limiting the expansion of pathogenic microbiota by inducing the release of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, more research is needed to completely comprehend the intricate relationships between the microbiota and vitamin D, it is suggested that modifying these factors could be an alternative treatment for IBD disorders. To restore dysbiosis, using FMT, probiotics, and vitamin D supplementation have been proposed as alternative treatments. The purpose of this article is to review the involvement of these key parameters and their interactions in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of IBD.

Deliberate or threatening use of viruses, bacteria, toxins, or poisonous substances prepared from living organisms to cause death or disease in humans, animals, and plants is called bioterrorism. These agents can be spread by spraying them in the air, causing infection in animals, transferring this infection to humans, or contaminating water and food sources. Defense measures, such as emergency responses to this type of terrorism, are unfamiliar and unknown. The general state of helplessness caused by the lack of complete preparation and the lack of anti-pollution strategies complicates the issue. The ability and widespread interest of civilian personnel to participate in the development of chemical and biological weapons is directly related to easy access to academic excellence around the world. Another factor is the tempting misuse of freely available electronic data and knowledge about the production of antibiotics, vaccines, and conventional weapons with their various complex details. The use of animals in laboratory research to better understand the mechanisms of disease and treatment and to overcome the limitations of clinical trials has a long history. For many viruses, laboratory diagnostic methods and reagents must be continuously modified to account for genetic variations and variants. Unlike bacterial diseases, many of which can be treated with antimicrobial drugs, there are fewer medical countermeasures to combat viral infections. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause debilitating diseases in humans, making it ethically inappropriate to test the effectiveness of these countermeasures on human volunteers. Researchers must have a correct understanding of various animal models so that they can make the correct choice, gain a better understanding of the clinical symptoms of viral diseases, and provide possible options for treatment and vaccine development. It should be noted that decision-making when faced with a biological attack should be done away from too much fear, and this requires researchers to have prior knowledge of facing these threats. Despite all these checks and measures taken in advance, the international preparedness against these attacks is weak, which can be attributed to the lack of global plans to deal with the epidemic.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Immunosuppressive drugs and various salicylates improve the disease activity index in individuals with ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, drug resistance and the side effects of these medications drive researchers toward designing studies to find complementary alternatives. Natural compounds, especially derivatives from medicinal plants, hold a special place as supplements. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica gum in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis.

In this study, 20 male BALB/c mice were assigned to four equal groups. The first group served as the healthy control (negative control), the second group represented untreated colitis (positive control), the third group underwent treatment with the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica gum, and the fourth group was treated with mesalazine. Ulcerative colitis was induced in all treatment groups except the negative control by using 100 microliters of 4% acetic acid administered intrarectally. The treatment regimen was initiated on the 10th day of post-ulcerative colitis induction and the manifestation of disease symptoms. A week after the final treatment, the mice were euthanized, and various parameters, including levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and genes, such as iNOS and COX-2, were evaluated.

The results indicated that treatment with the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica gum significantly decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (P<0.01), nitric oxide (P<0.05), splenic cell proliferation (P<0.05), expression, and production of inflammatory cytokines, (P<0.05) for IL-1 ß, (P<0.01) for IL-6, and (P<0.01) for TNF-α compared to the positive control group (untreated colitis).

As evidenced by the results of this study, it appears that the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica gum possesses desirable anti-inflammatory properties that could potentially reduce the disease activity index and inflammatory parameters in the experimental model of ulcerative colitis. Therefore, following further supplementary experiments, it could potentially serve as a complementary therapeutic agent alongside conventional medications for the treatment of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis.

There are several contributing factors that lead to joint pain, and among them, osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prominent. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects joints, tissues, and the whole body. This inflammatory disease results in synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, leading to the breakdown of articular cartilage, bone erosion, and long-term deformities. RA significantly impairs people's mobility and quality of life worldwide. The conventional treatments for this condition include NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids, and biologics. However, due to the high incidence of adverse reactions, alternative medicine is gaining popularity. Medicinal plants are considered a precious alternative source for treating RA. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat arthritis globally, which addresses the limitations associated with current treatments, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study is to find effective medicinal plants that can help reduce RA symptoms.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer that has a high death rate and is be- coming more common in developed countries. Currently, there are several treatment options available for CRC patients, and clinical trials are being conducted to improve conventional therapies. This study investigates the combined impact of Bacillus coagulans (B.C) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29 cell line).

The HT29 cell line was cultured under controlled laboratory conditions. They were treated with Fluorouracil (5-FU), NDV, and B.C., after which various assessments were conducted to determine the effects of these treat- ments. These assessments included MTT assay for cytotoxicity, evaluation of cell viability, and measurement of caspase 8 and 9 activity levels. The significance of the data was determined at a threshold of P<0.05 following analysis.

The usage of NDV and B.C significantly increased cell death and reduced cell growth in the HT29 cell line, when compared to the control group. Moreover, the combined application of NDV and B.C along with 5-FU exhibited a synergistic effect in decreasing the proliferation of HT29 cells. Additionally, the results indicated that intrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated by B.C and NDV.

It appears that utilizing oncolytic viruses (OV) and bacteria in conjunction with chemotherapy drugs could potentially aid in reducing the growth of colorectal cancer cells. However, further research is necessary, including animal studies, to confirm the efficacy of this treatment method.

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease that involves factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and disproportionate function of the mucosal immune system in response to intestinal microbial flora. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a blood derivative that has anti-inflammatory and cell-regenerating properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRP on the clinical and inflammatory manifestations in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis.

In this experiment, male BALB/c mice were segregated into four groups, each consisting of 10 mice: the healthy group (negative control), the colitis group without treatment (positive control), the colitis group receiving PRP, and colitis group receiving sulfasalazine. All animals, except for those in the negative control group, were subjected to colitis induction via intrarectal injection of 100 µl of 4% acetic acid. The treatment regimen commenced after the onset of UC symptoms. The mice were euthanasia after 15 days of the last injection, and the disease activity index, as well as the inflammatory factors, were assessed.

According to the results, the treatment groups showed a significant decrease in disease activity index, the severity of inflammation, the level of MPO, NO, and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines expression and production, as well as inflammatory genes COX2 and iNOS expression, compared to the positive control group.

The results showed that PRP has favorable anti-inflammatory effects in ulcerative colitis and after additional evaluations, it can be used as an adjunctive treatment along with the drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis patients.

The maintenance of homeostasis can be influenced by the gut microbiota. An imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as gut microbiota dysbiosis, can result in the deterioration of the mucosal layer and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Consequently, this can lead to the infiltration of bacteria into the lamina propria. The disruption in the gut microbiota balance can also trigger innate immune responses, causing inflammation. Consequently, this inflammation has the potential to initiate various types of cancers. Numerous studies have indicated that probiotics play a direct or indirect role in regulating immune responses by modulating the gut microbiota. Hence, they can be employed as a preventive measure against cancer. This review aims to explore the potential of probiotics in countering cancer metastasis and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in different types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, and cervical cancer.

Background and

Today, cancer is considered as the second cause of death in the world. Often, the treatment of all types of cancer is very complicated. The discovery of new anti-cancer drugs with high effectiveness, low toxicity, the ability to select normal cells from cancerous cells, and low cost is one of the concerns of the world's pharmaceutical communities. Nowadays, the use of natural compounds based on their synergistic effects has opened a new therapeutic horizon in the management of different types of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of peiminine and hyperthermia therapy on the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cell line.

In the present experimental-laboratory study, after culturing MCF-7 cells in 96-well plates, they were treated with peiminine (5.12 µg/ml for 24 h) and hyperthermia (410C for 1 h) independently and simultaneously. Then the cell viability rate, apoptosis percentage, ROS production rate, LDH release rate, and caspase 8 and 9 activity level were measured.

The results of the present study showed that peiminine and hyperthermia therapy caused a significant decrease in cell viability as well as a significant increase in the percentage of apoptosis, ROS production, and LDH release compared with the control group. By measuring the activity of caspase 8 and 9, it was determined that peiminine induced apoptosis through both mitochondrial and extracellular pathways. It was also found that peiminine and hyperthermia therapy, in combination, had synergistic antiproliferative effects.

According to the results of the present study, it seems that peiminine, as a natural product, when used in combination with hyperthermia therapy has synergistic antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects. This suggests that it can be used as a complementary method in cancer treatment.

COVID-19, an acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly escalated into a global pandemic. The condition can lead to organ dysfunction and ultimately death through its onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease severity has been linked to proinflammatory cytokines which activate the NF-κB and STAT transcription factors in infected cells. It has been proven that lncRNAs play a very important role in reducing or increasing inflammatory factors. This makes them potentially valuable in recognizing pathogenesis pathways and therapeutic targets in COVID-19. Nanocurcumin is known as an antioxidant, tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory substance, and it can be effective to reduce inflammation caused by the disease of COVID-19. This study analyzed Sequence Read Archive data from COVID-19 patients with acute versus milder symptoms, identifying dysregulated genes and non-coding RNAs. To verify this correlation, the expression of the candidate gene was evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in mouse models, while immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in mouse serum samples. Here we introduced a novel lncRNA called HSD17B3-AS1, suggested as a therapeutic target in COVID-19 patients with acute symptoms. Furthermore, we revealed nanocurcumin is reducing the expression of HSD17B3-AS1 which leads to reduced inflammation in mice. These results suggest that HSD17B3-AS1 plays a significant regulatory role in managing COVID-19, and the downregulation of HSD17B3-AS1 by Nanocurcumin presents a promising treatment option for minimizing complications in COVID-19 patients.

Prostate cancer is the second cause of death among men. Nowadays, treating various cancers with medicinal plants is more common than other therapeutic agents due to their minor side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taraxasterol on the prostate cancer cell line.

Experimental approach:

 The prostate cancer cell line (PC3) was cultured in a nutrient medium. MTT method and trypan blue staining were used to evaluate the viability of cells in the presence of different concentrations of taraxasterol, and IC50 was calculated. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, uPA, uPAR, TIMP-2, and TIMP-1 genes. Gelatin zymography was used to determine MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzyme activity levels. Finally, the effect of taraxasterol on cell invasion, migration, and adhesion was investigated.

Taraxasterol decreased the survival rate of PC3 cells at IC50 time-dependently (24, 48, and 72 h). Taraxasterol reduced the percentage of PC3 cell adhesion, invasion, and migration by 74, 56, and 76 percent, respectively. Real-time PCR results revealed that uPA, uPAR, MMP-9, and MMP-2 gene expressions decreased in the taraxasterol-treated groups, but TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 gene expressions increased significantly. Also, a significant decrease in the level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzymes was observed in the PC3 cell line treated with taraxasterol.

Conclusion and implications:

 The present study confirmed the therapeutic role of taraxasterol in preventing prostate cancer cell metastasis in the in-vitro study.

An imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) and T-helper (Th)-17 cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory properties through secreting exosomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) on the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into  Tregs from patients with COVID-19. Exosomes were isolated from adipose tissue–derived MSCs. PBMCs were separated from the whole blood of COVID-19 patients (n=20). Treg frequency was assessed before and 48 hours after treatment of PBMCs with MSC-Exo using flow cytometry. Expression of FOXP3 and cytokine genes, and the concentration of cytokines associated with Tregs, were assessed before and after treatment with MSC-Exo. The frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127-  Tregs was significantly higher after treating PBMCs with MSC-Exo (6.695±2.528) compared to before treatment (4.981±2.068). The expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-10, and FOXP3 were significantly upregulated in MSC-Exo–treated PBMCs. The concentration of IL‐10 increased significantly after treatment (994.7±543.9 pg/mL) of PBMCs with MSC-Exo compared with before treatment (563.5±408.6 pg/mL). The concentration of TGF-β was significantly higher in the supernatant of PBMCs after treatment with MSC-Exo (477.0±391.1 pg/mL) than PBMCs before treatment (257.7±226.3 pg/mL). MSC-Exo has the potential to raise anti-inflammatory responses by induction of  Tregs, potentiating its therapeutic effects in COVID-19.

Among various proposed pathologic mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overproduction of autoantibodies is not widely studied. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are target proteins that have affinity toward charged phospholipids. APLs are thought to have pro-thrombotic potentials that increase during thromboembolism. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum aPLs level and COVID-19 mortality, severity, and thrombotic events. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all open access published articles in Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating individuals over the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and had positive aPLs; and provided data on mortality or thrombotic events were included.  Of the initially identified 512 articles, 22 studies (overall 1462 patients) were finally included in the analysis. The prevalence of positive aPLs was 48.1%. Among the 372 patients with positive aPLs, 156 patients (41.9%) had severe COVID-19 that indicated a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and aPLs positivity (p<0.05). The prevalence of thrombotic events in aPLs positive patients was 26.3% that indicated a significant relationship between aPLs positivity and the development of thrombotic events (p=0.03). APLs positivity was related to anytime mortality in COVID-19 patients (p=0.01). The present review demonstrated that aPLs are linked to COVID-19 severity and thrombotic events but not short-term mortality. Further studies with longer follow up periods are warranted.

Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent dangerous infectious diseases and save lives. The expansion of human communication, the rapid spread of emerging infections worldwide, and the creation of dangerous pandemics like COVID-19 is worrying. On the other hand, with the emergence of new technologies such as genetic engineering of microorganisms, genome editing, and synthetic biology, the possibility of abusing these tools for illegal use is the next concern. In this situation, the need for rapid vaccination technologies and programs was given special importance. Recently, new vaccine platforms such as viral vector and mRNA vaccines have shown great promise that they can be used to prepare and protect human lives against dangerous infections. One of the most important factors for vaccination is the rapid development and approval of vaccines. In this review, we have given a perspective view of new vaccine technologies to rapidly develop vaccines to combat emerging infections and the biodefence against biological criminals.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. There is a constant need for improvements to be made in the current medical therapy since UC is extremely burdensome and kills many individuals. There are significant proportion of patients who experience adverse effects with current therapies. Consequently, new alternatives for the treatment of UC are constantly being sought. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are meant to improve one's health whether taken orally or topically. Gut microbiota balance, gut barrier function, and host immune responses all benefit from probiotic microorganisms. Probiotic supplementation is therefore becoming an increasingly popular treatment approach for treating UC and reducing chronic inflammation while also enhancing patients' quality of life. In order to assess the clinical effectiveness of probiotics, we examined the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Probiotics are equally beneficial as conventional medication therapy in treating UC, according to several studies. Here, we've outlined the key findings of research that employed probiotics either alone or in conjunction with traditional UC treatment on individuals with UC.

Cancer has always been a severe threat to health and life. Since patients with advanced cancer often have a limited survival time andhigh treatment expenditures, routine therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy may help them live longer. However, the majority of these individuals cannot afford the excessive cost of care and have short life duration. With the introduction ofoncolytic bacteria and viruses, a revolutionary therapeutic technique for the treatment and potential cure of malignant tumors has emerged. Clostridium, Bifidobacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, andBacillusare all oncolytic bacteria. Adenoviruses, Vaccinia viruses, Reoviruses, Herpesviruses, andCoxsackievirusesare all oncolytic viruses. This study aimed to review the current studies on the therapeutic potential of oncolytic bacteria and viruses as an alternate method for cancer prevention and therapy, including both experimental and clinical trials.

The emergence and increasing expansion of organizations has made the management in the effective and efficient performance of tasks require more awareness and knowledge. The present research was conducted to document and record the empirical knowledge of how to mobilize resources, and prepare and set up a biodefense camp against the COVID-19 disease crisis at Baqiyatullah University of Medical Sciences (AS). The current qualitative study was conducted in 2021-2022 at Baqiyatullah University of Medical Sciences (AS). Data collection was done face-to-face using a semi-structured interview with an experienced nutrition expert and converted into text. Then statistical analysis was done using MaxQDA software. The present empirical results lead to the identification and extraction of 193 open codes in 7 areas of incidents, problems, measures, decisions, results and consequences, suggestions, scenarios, and modeling and lessons learned about how to mobilize resources, prepare and set up a biodefense camp against The COVID-19 disease crisis happened at Baqiyatullah University of Medical Sciences (AS). The results of this study can be used as a basis for managers' planning in the implementation of documentation and recording of empirical knowledge on how to mobilize resources, prepare and launch a biodefense camp against the crisis of the COVID-19 disease in Baqiyat University of Medical Sciences.

Decision-making has a broad role in choosing educational interventions and health-oriented planning. These decisions can include small decisions or very big and important decisions in the field of health. Considering that 70% of the organization's problems are repeatable, empiricism is of great importance for organizations. The purpose of this research was to document and record the empirical knowledge of monitoring, evaluating, and improving the performance of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in facing the crisis of the COVID-19 disease. The current research is a cross-sectional study in 2021 that was conducted with the participation of 11 managers, experts, and supervisors in the field of monitoring, evaluating, and improving the performance of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. According to the qualitative approach of this study, the sampling was purposeful and data collection was done until the saturation limit was reached. Data collection in this study was done using a semi-structured interview by an experienced expert face-to-face and then converted into text. The analysis of the results in this study was done using descriptive statistical tests (prevalence, frequency percentage) and SPSS, EXELE, and MaxQDA software version 20. The results of the present study led to the extraction of 327 open codes and seven axial codes of events, problems, measures and decisions, results and outcomes, suggestions, scenarios and patterns, and lessons learned. The highest and lowest frequency of open codes were related to the dimensions of the results and outcomes, and scenarios and patterns with 71 and 17 codes, respectively. One of the effective measures to face and deal with critical situations such as COVID-19 is regular and organized planning. Based on this, knowing the managerial and organizational challenges and the solutions to face those helps the medical staff to achieve physical and mental health, individual and social, and plays an essential role in providing effective services to patients and society.

CLL is one of the most common leukemias, which is categorized by the accumulation of mature CD5+ B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs. In this study, the status of rs6449182 polymorphism of the CD38 gene and its association with clinical and laboratory parameters of CLL patients was evaluated.

Genomic DNA extraction was performed using the salting out method. The CD38 gene polymorphism (rs6449182) was studied in 70 patients with CLL and 70 healthy individuals using the PCR-RFLP method.

The results of this study showed that the control group had 86% wild-type rs6449182 (CC), 12% heterozygous (CG), and 2% homozygous (GG) genotypes. In the case group, 62% had wild-type genotype (CC) 26% were heterozygous (CG), and 12% were homozygous (GG). Statistical analysis showed that the heterozygous genotype for the CD38 gene  was significantly associated with CLL. It was also understood that this polymorphism had a significant relationship with hemoglobin, age, and organomegaly of patients.

The CD38 gene polymorphism of rs6449182 SNP G allele had the highest frequency. Moreover, based on the results, this polymorphism has a significant relationship with organomegaly, which indicates the importance of these markers in the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease.

In World War I, sulfur mustard or mustard gas was used as a chemical weapon for the first time. Years later, during the imposed war (eight years of holy defense) against the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq used this poisonous gas against the soldiers and people of Iranian cities. Many years after the war, many chemical veterans still suffer from its effects. Mustard gas is a strong alkylating substance with cytotoxic and mutagenic properties, which causes blisters in mucous membranes and skin when it comes in contact with the skin. It is usually a colorless or amber-yellow oily liquid. In high concentrations, it has a disgusting smell similar to horseradish, onion, or garlic, which is mostly due to contamination with ethyl sulfide and other byproducts of its synthesis. Various studies have proven that long-term exposure to this toxic gas can lead to respiratory disorders and lung cancer. Considering the drug resistance and special conditions of chemical veterans with lung cancer, one of the new methods proposed for their treatment is the use of oncolytic viruses. The purpose of this study is to review the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of lung cancer caused by chemical warfare agents.

Tebuconazole is a systemic fungicide whose toxicity has been reported in animals and humans due to direct and indirect exposure. Our study aimed to assess the hepatotoxic effects of tebuconazole at subacute doses in rats.

Tebuconazole was administered by oral gavage at doses of 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg daily. Serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were determined. Histopathological analysis was performed using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parameters such as cell inflammation, accumulation of lipid vacuoles, and hepatocyte necrosis were assessed. 

The results showed that the serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes elevated in all Tebuconazole doses compared to the control group. This elevation was statistically significant in the 50 and 100 mg/kg groups compared to the control group. Histopathological results revealed the increased necrosis and destruction of hepatocytes and accumulation of lipid vacuoles in the study groups compared to the control group.

The study’s results showed significant hepatotoxic effects at subacute doses of tebuconazole. These results are alarming in the widespread use of tebuconazole as a fungicide. It is recommended to take the necessary precautions, including wearing gloves or a mask.