مجله طب نظامی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 128، مهر و آبان 1403)

As a potentially life-threatening immune response, sepsis is often caused by the body's interaction with various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This phenomenon is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, posing numerous challenges for medical professionals. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and effective treatment implementation with appropriate antibiotics are crucial for improving treatment outcomes. However, this issue is challenging, as current molecular detection methods are mostly time-consuming, expensive, and reliant on advanced equipment and specialized personnel. Considering that every moment of delay in sepsis diagnosis and treatment increases the likelihood of death, it is imperative to utilize diagnostic devices capable of reducing the time required to identify the onset of infection until appropriate therapy is administered. In this regard, advanced testing tools capable of detecting clinically relevant biomarkers play a significant role. Electrochemical biosensors, offering advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid response, compact size, and low cost, are well-suited to meet clinical needs. This review article examines the current status of electrochemical-based point-of-care detection platforms and their limitations for diagnosing and monitoring sepsis. It also discusses future directions and solutions to enhance and expand these technologies.

With the development of gene editing technology based on CRISPR, the second revolution in biology began and hopes for treatment of incurable diseases were strengthened. But along with the positive benefits of this technology, its risks in the form of designing new biological agents were also highlighted. In this regard, genomic vandalism through DNA hacking and the use of gene drives has attracted attention. For the first time in 2018, genome editing was added to the annual list of threats posed by weapons of mass destruction and ETC, a biotechnology watch organisation, also raised concerns about gene drives or gene bombs, saying gene drives could be weaponized to target the human microbiome or major food sources. Also, Bill Gates gave explanations about the rapid spread of genetic changes in the mosquito population and their extinction by gene drive technology. Using gene editing technology, gene drives can be quickly spread among a population by insects. As a result, we should learn how to properly deal with this new technology, which can be both useful and dangerous. In this study, the challenges and risks of gene drives in terms of biosecurity and the possibility of their weaponization in the form of gene bombs are reviewed and evaluated. The present study was conducted by interpreting the information obtained from scientific articles and books and searching keywords such as Gene drive, Daisy drive, Biothreat and CRISPR on NCBI, Google, Scopus, Sciencedirect and Pubmed websites.

Stressful conditions have become integral to people's lives and are among the destructive factors affecting brain function. These conditions are often more severe and damaging in military environments. Crocin possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, it has limitations, such as instability in varying pH levels, rapid absorption, and low bioavailability. The aim of the study was to enhance the efficacy of crocin by encapsulating it in chitosan and utilizing it as a nanocarrier to treat the effects of chronic stress in a male rat model. Thirty-five adults male Wistar rats (weighing between 220 and 250 grams) were randomly divided into five groups of seven each: a control group (not exposed to stress or drugs), a stress group (subjected to immobility stress), an immobility stress group receiving crocin nanoparticles (administered 180 mg/kg), a crocin group (administered 6 mg/kg), and a chitosan group (administered 160 mg/kg). The open field test was conducted to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. Serum oxidative stress factors (GPX, MDA, and CAT) and inflammatory serum factors (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) were evaluated using the ELISA method. Additionally, cresyl violet and G-fab staining were performed to assess cell damage in the hippocampus. The findings of this study indicated that stress induction was associated with increased anxiety behaviors, and the administration of crocin nanoparticles can effectively improve these behavioral disorders. Crocin nanoparticles significantly reduced inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and also demonstrated substantial healing effects compared to the crocin (P<0.05) and chitosan (P<0.001) treatment groups. The results of tissue staining revealed that chronic stress significantly decreased the number of neurons in the stained areas, while the administration of crocin nanoparticles mitigated this reduction in cell count in the hippocampus, showing a significant difference compared to the crocin group (P<0.05). Our study demonstrates that crocin encapsulated in chitosan can overcome the limitations of low bioavailability associated with this substance and yields better results compared to the free form of crocin.

Despite the advancements made in various fields of lung cancer treatment, surgery is still recognized as the most effective method for treating this type of cancer, often in conjunction with radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. Drug resistance, side effects, and the lack of selectivity of these methods have led researchers to continually seek novel and targeted approaches for lung cancer treatment. Among these innovative methods is the use of oncolytic viruses. Various studies have shown that the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic activity, as it selectively replicates in tumor cells due to their inadequate antiviral response. The aim of the present study is to enhance the anticancer potential of the NDV using electrical pulses (EP) in lung cancer cell lines. In this study, after culturing A549 cells, the effective dose of the NDV was determined. Then, the levels of cell viability, apoptosis percent, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured in cancer groups treated with the NDV, with or without EP. The results of the present study showed that the apoptosis rate (69.00±7.54%), production of ROS (2.08±0.037-fold change), and LDH (73.87±2.07%) in the group treated with the NDV along with EP increased compared to other treatment groups and the control group, while cell viability (45.80±2.70%) significantly decreased. Based on the results of the current study, it appears that EP lead to an increase in the anticancer potential of the NDV in lung cancer cell lines.

Obesity can affect the health of military personnel and pose a serious threat to the operational readiness of military personnel and national security. The use of advanced models as a useful analytical tool for predicting health status is essential; Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to body mass index in military personnel using the GLMMtree model. The present study was conducted cross-sectional using the health file information of 153 military personnel in Tehran in 2020 and 2021. Demographic information, medical history, disease type, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), anemia status, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar levels, liver enzyme levels, and vitamin D3 levels were obtained from the health records of the subjects under study. The relationship between BMI and the mentioned variables was investigated using the GLMMtree model in R software. The findings showed that the average age of people is 40.60 ± 7.93 years with an average of 8.26 ± 6.51 years of work experience. The findings of the study show a significant relationship between BMI status and family history of disease (P=0.002), history of drug use (P=0.003), and history of hospitalization (P=0.002). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between BMI status and fasting blood sugar (P=0.002) and triglyceride (P=0.014) factors. The current study's findings indicate that military personnel with a high BMI are more susceptible to diabetes and abnormal blood lipid levels. Consequently, it is crucial to identify and treat individuals who are overweight or obese through routine screenings.

The physical and mental health of the people in society is very important, one of the areas worthy of study is the study of the psychological aspects of cancer patients, which causes a lot of stress due to long-term treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between stress-coping approaches and mental health in patients undergoing chemotherapy. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 229 patients referred to the chemotherapy clinic at Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The sampling method was available. The study tools included a personal information questionnaire, a 28-item general health questionnaire, and a Billings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire. The data collected from the research units were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software and statistical regression tests. In this study, the age range of chemotherapy patients was between 18 and 81 years, and their average age was 51.27±13.90 years. The findings showed that 65.4% of patients undergoing chemotherapy have an unfavorable health level. According to Pearson's correlation test, there was a negative and significant relationship between general health domains and coping strategies of cognitive assessment, emotion-oriented, and physical restraint in patients undergoing chemotherapy (P=0.001). The general health of chemotherapy patients is related to the coping strategies adopted by them. The results of this study can have an effective role in knowing as much as possible the effective factors in the adaptive adaptation to this disease, reducing the side effects of chemotherapy and as a result the psychological well-being of cancer patients.

Nursing care is complex and critical, making it vital to communicate health information using standardized methods. By using the SBAR (Situation - Background - Assessment - Recommendation) method, nurses can provide a complete and clear clinical picture of the patient's condition to the nurse receiving the patient. Conducting a shift handover audit allows for a comparison of the current shift handover process with the standard procedure, enabling the identification and resolution of any issues. Improving the shift handover process is crucial for the effective transfer of health information and addressing challenges that may arise during shift work delivery. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of promoting changes in nursing shift work on the satisfaction of nurses in the emergency department of at Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The standard SBAR tool was utilized for this purpose. The present study is a semi-experimental study conducted before and after an intervention on 35 nurses who were randomized based on entry criteria in the emergency department of Baqiyatollah Hospital in Tehran from 2023 to 2024. Initially, the delivery of shift work in the emergency department and nurses' satisfaction levels were assessed through a questionnaire. Subsequently, the current situation was compared with the SBAR checklist, and an SBAR training program for nurses was developed based on identified deficiencies. Following the training sessions, a review of the materials and clarification of any issues were conducted. Subsequently, the practical application of shift delivery on patients' beds was assessed using the SBAR checklist. All participants were then asked to complete the nurses' satisfaction survey once again. This study revealed that the SBAR score after the intervention (49.49) was significantly higher than the average SBAR score before the intervention (21.31) (P<0.05). Additionally, the satisfaction scores of nurses after the intervention were significantly higher than those of nurses before the intervention (P<0.05). Implementing the SBAR standard method for shift work delivery addresses the challenges faced in nursing shift work and enhances the nursing care process, ultimately boosting nurse satisfaction.

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between organizational silence and the quality of work life of nurses working in selected hospitals, Imam Hossein (AS) and Bahar Shahroud.

This is applied research in purpose, and in terms of data collection method and nature, it is descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the research included all nurses, with a total of 395 people in Shahrood. The statistical sample was determined based on the population ratio estimation formula and taking into account 10% dropout, 245 people. The sampling method was non-probability and available. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and to measure organizational silence, the standard organizational silence questionnaire of Vakula and Borados was used, and to measure the quality of work life, the standard questionnaire of the quality of work life based on the Walton model was used.

The results obtained from this research showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between altruistic silence, submissive silence and defensive silence and the quality of work life of nurses. That is, as the level of silence (altruistic, submissive, and defensive) decreases, the quality of work life of nurses increases and vice versa. There is no significant difference between organizational, altruistic, defensive, and submissive silence and nurses' sex, age, employment status, hospital department, work experience, marital status, income, and smoking.

According to the results, increasing the quality of nurses' work life is associated with reducing organizational silence. Hospital administrators should provide suitable conditions for the free expression of ideas and opinions of nurses so that they are not afraid to present their suggestions and criticisms and break the organizational silence. Breaking the organizational silence leads to the improvement of the quality of work life of nurses.