haleh ayatollahi

 Surveillance is a critical component of public health. In this field, a new discipline called public health informatics has emerged to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public health services through the use of various information technologies. The aim of this study was to review public health informatics and its applications.

 This was a narrative review. The keywords used included "health surveillance," "public health informatics," "surveillance systems," and "registry." The search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar. Relevant papers were retrieved, and the data were reported narratively.

 The findings indicate that public health informatics can be employed for active monitoring and surveillance, supporting effective decision-making, preventive measures, health promotion, disease prevention, and improving population health. Additionally, public health informatics has a wide range of applications in various public health domains, such as primary care, disease prevention, disease control, and health education. Some of the information technologies used in public health informatics include electronic health records, telehealth, and point-of-care diagnostics.

 Public health informatics is an evolving field, where the application of technologies is constantly changing to meet the needs of the community. It appears that the application of this science plays a significant role in improving public health conditions, and greater attention should be given to it by health systems.

 Breast cancer patients need a variety of skills and abilities to deal with the consequences of the illness. Self-management is one of the operational strategies that leads to disease acceptance, treatment adherence, and improving the quality of life. The use of smartphone applications (apps) can play a pivotal role in the support and self-management of breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the educational contents and technical features of a self-management smartphone app for women with breast cancer in Iran.

 This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020. The statistical population of the study consists of 120 women with breast cancer who were selected via simple random sampling. For data collection, a self-designed questionnaire was developed in which validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured. The statistical analysis of the data was made using the SPSS software.

 From the breast cancer patients’ point of view, the most important educational contents of the smartphone app.  include information acquisition (4.73), lifestyle management (4.65), symptom management (4.43), psychological management (4.01), and compatibility with changes (3.98) respectively. In terms of technical features the most important characteristics were ease of the app. use (4.83), simple visual interface (4.75), security and privacy of information (4.63), reminders (4.55) and the ability to communicate (4.42).

 For more effective smartphone apps, educational contents and technical features of apps should be designed based on the needs and preferences of patients. To ensure the use and acceptance of the app., developers should design apps that have technical requirements.

Cervical cancer is a common neoplasm in women, and the role of the HPV virus in the development of precancerous and cancerous cells has been established. There exist different strains of the HPV virus with varied functions. In the high-risk HPV strains, the p16 and ki67 proteins play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle leading to cell proliferation and progression. P16 and ki67 proteins are positive in almost all lesions and indicate a high degree of malignancy. This study aims to investigate the predictive effect of p16 and ki67 on the progression of low-grade intraepithelial lesions to high-grade malignancy.

P16 and ki67 were measured on CIN1 lesions, and during the average two-year follow-up period, the outcome of positive cases was investigated. A total of 106 referred patients between the age of 15 to 75 years were examined from April 2015 to March 2019.

Among the patients with progression of CIN1 to CIN2 and other severe lesions, p16 was positive in 14 cases (60.9%), and a significant difference between groups with positive and negative markers in the progression or regression of lesions was noticed. Ki67 frequently occurs in CIN2 and other severe lesions.

The use of p16 and ki67 as predictive markers is still under debate. In countries like the United States, these are not yet used separately for prediction but are being used in combination together. The authors of this study strongly recommend the conduction of further studies to assess the role of p16 in association with other markers and within a larger population so as to apply the functional role of p16 and ki67 in the clinical setting thereby effectively preventing it.

At the beginning of the pandemic COVID-19, most health facilities suspended non-emergency surgeries to ensure emergency care capacity. Due to the need for surgery, and insufficient information about the complications of surgery in these patients, the present study aimed to investigate the outcome of surgeries in patients with COVID-19 in Motahari Hospital in Urmia.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 112 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who underwent surgery. A Checklist including the following data was extracted from the patients' medical records, symptoms, laboratory tests, and any complications related to surgery up to one month after separate surgery.

A total of 6.3% of patients had limited complications due to the incision site after the surgery. The results did not show a significant relationship between age, type of anesthesia, and the type of operation with complications. However, the highest percentage of complications was seen in less than 40 years and emergency surgeries. It was found that patients with a history of diabetes had the highest rate of complications (57.1%), although there was no significant relationship between the underlying disease and complications (P = 0.40). In our study, none of the patients experienced complications such as vascular thrombosis or embolism, respiratory failure, and heart failure, or the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Overall, 17.9% of patients needed ICU admission (mean 2.16 ± 1.50 days), indicating a higher ICU hospitalization demand. Also, in terms of in-ward hospitalization, patients with complications had a longer hospital stay than uncomplicated patients (7.85 ± 3.36 days) vs. (5.13 ± 1.66), which was not statistically significant (P = 0.88).

The results show that surgery is not directly associated with an increased risk of mortality and complications in patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, Underlying diseases, age, and the urgency of surgery are associated with a higher risk for complications than COVID-19.

Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive kind of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Although the risk of brain metastasis in GTN is rare, in patients with choriocarcinoma, the incidence of brain metastasis is 11%. In this paper, we reported a case of choriocarcinoma with brain metastasis, which was successfully treated with an etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (EMACO) regimen.

A 34-year-old woman was presented with vaginal bleeding, dyspnea, and moderate abdominal pain. She had a menstrual delay of about two weeks. She had a primary β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) of 132 600 mIU/mL. On lung computed tomography (CT) scan images, a metastatic lesion with a size of 68×50 mm was observed in the lower lobe of the left lung. The patient underwent dilation and curettage (D&C) that revealed choriocarcinoma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed a small metastatic mass with a size of 7 mm at the right occipital lobe. The patient was started on chemotherapy with an EMACO regimen. The patient’s β-hCG decreased continuously, and it was negative after the fourth cycle and six sessions of radiotherapy. It also remained negative six months after chemotherapy. The final examinations of the patient had no abnormal findings.   

Brain metastasis may be relatively asymptomatic in patients with choriocarcinoma, and it should be considered by physicians, even when there are no neurological symptoms. Also, the EMACO regimen seems to be an appropriate regimen for the treatment of metastatic choriocarcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the underlying cause of cancer and prevention of this health problem through vaccination has been considered in all countries. The Health Belief Model (HBM) as a behavioral study model helps researchers determine the causes of health behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between HBM constructs and intention to perform HPV vaccination among nursing and midwifery students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was done among 202 midwifery-nursing students at Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Samples were selected based on census method and entered into the study. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic information and HBM constructs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression) in SPSS software. The p <0.05 was considered significant.

Among HBM constructs, all constructs except construct of perceived barriers showed a significant statistical relationship with students' intention to HPV vaccination. Overall, the present study model explained 62 percent of the variance in HPV vaccination intention. The predictive power of perceived self-efficacy was more than other model constructs.

The present study revealed that the HBM was a good approach to explain the intention to perform HPV vaccination. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to design educational interventions to improve the beliefs and attitudes of women regarding HPV vaccination.

In order to adopt the right technologies, policy makers should have adequate information about the present and future advances. This study aimed to review future studies in the field of health information technology. This review study was conducted in 2015. The databases including Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Ovid Medline, and PubMed were sought between 2000 and 2015. 11 papers were selected for the study. The papers were divided into two groups: forecasting the future of health information technology (n=7) and health information technology foresight (n=4). According to the results, it is better to use foresight approach for big and long-term goals. The results of foresight studies can be useful for making decision and policy-making in the field of health information technology, particularly at the national level.

Given the importance of information technology in the health sector, planning and identifying the prospect and a future road map is important in this area. For this purpose, applying a systematic approach to study the future of health information technology is essential. The key technology is one of the approaches used in the foresight studies and it is conducted by interviewing experts. The aim of this study was to use key technology approach to identify the most important health information technologies for Iran until 2025. This qualitative study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was related to developing a mind map of health information technologies based on the literature review and an expert panel results. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 13 experts to identify the key health information technologies for Iran until 2025. In the first phase, content analysis and in the second phase, framework analysis was used to analyze data. According to the results, the main themes were immediate, cheap, stable, and secure access to the maximum health records of the entire population, equitable access to resources and services of the health counter, the development of knowledge management in medical and health sciences, the development of governmental electronic services (backup) in health system, the development of m-health, IT governance in health and the development of national HIT infrastructure. In total, 19 key health information technologies were identified which were related to the main themes. The development of electronic health records, national health information network, data sharing, patient's personal health record (PHR), mhealth, clinical decision support systems and health information technology infrastructure were found to be the most important health information technologies for Iran until 2025. It seems that identifying key health information technologies can help to facilitate strategic and operational planning in this area and help to allocate resources realistically.

  Hydatidiform mole is the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which originates from the placenta and is categorized into complete and partial hydatidiform moles. About 10-30% of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) might develop into persistent trophoblastic disease. Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) lectin has been suggested as a marker of alteration of glycosylation in human malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine efficacy of HPA lectin as a prognostic indicator for clinical behavior of CHMs. Lectin histochemistry with biotin-conjugated HPA lectin was performed on paraffin sections of CHM tissues from 24 patients with progression to persistent trophoblastic disease (case group) and 24 patients with spontaneous regression (control group). The sections were graded according to lectin staining intensity (0-3) and the percentage of cell reactions was evaluated based on the staining grades. HPA lectin showed a mild to moderate reactivity with syncytiotrophoblasts, which was most evident in apical portion, but did not react with cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells. The mean staining intensity values did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.447). Based on the results, HPA lectin is not a good prognostic indicator for clinical behavior of CHMs.

Health information technologies (HIT) have some benefits and may have some potentially negative impacts. Therefore, it is difficult to plan for future health information technologies. This study aimed to investigate the key and non-key health information technologies which could be considered for the future strategy development in Iran.

In this study, experts and policymakers in the field of health information technology were invited to take part in a qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to select the most informant people, and 13 interviews were conducted. The method of framework analysis was used to analyze data.

The four main themes emerged from data analysis were 1) immediate, cheap, stable, and secure access to the health records of the society, 2) equitable access to health care resources and services, 3) knowledge management in healthcare services, and 4) governmental/central electronic services for the health system. To cover the mentioned areas, a number of key and non-key technologies were discussed by the interviewees.

In this study, a number of key and non-key health information technologies were recognized. While the findings can help policymakers to pay more attention to the key technologies to improve healthcare delivery, these technologies need to be prioritized in terms of their importance for the country.

Human papilloma virus is inviridae of papilloma virus (HPV) family. These viruses have been classified based on the DNA sequences. At least 120 types of these viruses have been identified. Different types of human papilloma virus genotypes are associated with lower genital tract infection. The viruses in the host cell can create lethal, chronic, latent and transforming infections, and their multiple genotypes are related to human cancers such as cervical cancer.This study aimed to identify the genotypes of human papilloma virus that cause vaginal infections in women with infection.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 patients with vaginal infection who referred to specialized gynecology unit of Kosar Health Center of ShahidMotahari Hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Extracting viral DNA was performed automatically using Mag Core Nucleic Acid Extractor (made in Taiwan) and MagCor®viral nucleic Acid Extration kit (Cartridge code 202) made by MogCore Co. Taiwan, and genotyping the samples was carried out using the Real-Time PCR technique in the Lightcycler 96 system (made in Germany), and Real quality RQ-HPV HR/LR Multiplex Kit made by AB Analitica® Co. Italy.

Among the 80 samples, 30 people (37.5%) were positive for infection with human papillomavirus, evaluating the positive genotypes, it was found that of these, 16 people (53.4%) were infected with Low-Risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (6, 11, 26, 53, 67),7 patients (23.3%) were infected with only High-Risk HPV genotype (16, 31, 58, 18) and 7 people (23.3%) were infected with both low-risk and high-risk genotypes of HPV (co-infection) (6, 33, 53, 39, 68, 70, 52, 35, 26, 51, 16), respectively.

Considering that human papilloma virus infection is asymptomatic, and it has a high prevalence in Iran, according to studies, early diagnosis, and prevention of progressing the infection can prevent the malignancies of the uterus.Molecular techniques, particularly Real-time PCR, are as one of the fast and reliable methods for detecting the human papilloma virus infections even with quite low viral loads.

Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death worldwide. World health organization has estimated that the morality rate due to heart diseases will mount to 23 million cases by 2030. Hence, the use of data mining algorithms will be useful in predicting coronary artery disease. The objective of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the CAD predictions made by ANN and SVM techniques.

The present study was conducted via descriptive-analytical method. The research sample included all CAD patients hospitalized in three hospitals affiliated to AJA University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to March 2017. Totally, 1324 records with 26 characteristics affecting the disease were extracted and after normalizing, and cleaning of the data, they were entered in SPSS statistics V23.0 & IBM Excel 2013; then, R3.3.2 data mining software was used to format data.

SVM model with lower MAPE (112.03) and higher Hosmer-lemeshow statistic (16.71), sensitivity (92.23) and specificity (74.42) yielded better fitness of data and provides more accurate prediction than ANN model. On the other hand, since the area under the ROC curve in SVM algorithm was more than that in ANN, it could be concluded that this model had higher accuracy.

According to the results, SVM algorithm presented higher accuracy and better performance than ANN model and showed higher sensitivity and accuracy. It is suggested that in future studies, the results of the present study be compared with the findings resulted from applying other data mining algorithms

Ovarian torsion (adnexal torsion) is an uncommon disorder in pediatrics and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in preteen girls. Almost 70% of ovarian torsions are seen in young girls older than 20 years, but it could also occur in preteen girls. Sonography is one of the most useful methods to diagnose ovarian torsion. In pediatrics, ovarian torsion should be treated laparoscopically by detorsion.
The case was a seven-year-old girl, who experienced ovarian torsion twice in one of her ovaries in the course of nine months. The main complaint of the patient was abdominal pain with vomiting. However, the fallopian tube was normal. Surgical procedure led only to detorsion of ovary.

Cesarean delivery is the most common surgical procedure and this prevalence is on the rise. Given these trends, cesarean wound complications, such as disruption or infection, remain an important cause of post-cesarean morbidity.
We conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial that included women with viable pregnancies (≥24 weeks) undergoing cesarean delivery at Motahary University Hospital, Urmia, Iran from April to November 2014. All cesarean types were included: scheduled or unscheduled and primary or repeat cesareans. Women were excluded for the following reasons: inability to obtain informed consent, immune compromising disease (e.g. AIDS), chronic steroid use, diabetic mellitus and BMI≥30. Of 266 women, 133 were randomized to staples and 133 women to suture group.
The mean±SD age of the staples group was 27.6±5.4 years and mean±SD age of suture was 28.7±5.9 years. Multiparity is the most frequent in both groups that by using Chi-square test, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (P=0.393). The most frequent indication for cesarean section in both groups was history of cesarean section in staple 40 cases (30.1%) and suture 32 cases (24.1%). The survey was conducted using the Chi-square test was not significant (P=0.381). Pain at 6 weeks postoperatively was significantly less in the staple group (P=0.001). Operative time was longer with suture closure (4.68±0.67 versus 1.03±0.07 minute, P The staple group had low pain and operation time but had a significant wound disruption and scar. The patients who have suffered a significant wound disruption were affected by age (P=0.022) and BMI (P=0.001) at compared those who were not affected by factors such as age or high BMI as risk factors for open surgical wound.

Telemedicine has been used in different fields of medicine in the past 20 years. The main advantages of this technology include saving costs, improving quality of care, and increasing access to specialists. This study aimed to review telemedicine applications in treating burn patients.
In this systematized review study, related papers were searched using various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The time frame was between January 2000 and March 2016; finally, 32 papers were included in the study.
The findings revealed that telemedicine was used in burn care in three different ways: Remote patient follow-up, teleconsultation, and patient assessment.
It seems that telemedicine can be easily applied in treating burn patients even when there is a limited financial resource. The use of this technology can help reduce possible errors in categorizing burn patients and decrease patient's transportation and treatment costs.

Objective (s): Newborn screening program is an essential public health program to identify genetic diseases and congenital disorders. Abnormal screening test results should be followed immediately through health centers; otherwise there would be a delay in the process of diagnosis and treatment. As the number of studies related to the use of newborn screening information systems in Iran is few, in this study, general issues related to newborn screening system and the necessity of using information technologies in newborn screening process are reviewed. In this study, the relevant literature from 2000 to 2013 was reviewed. The electronic databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Ovid and MagIran were used to find relevant literature. Data related to the newborn screening information system in the selected countries (America, England and Australia) was gathered using electronic databases and the official websites of the organizations involved in newborn screening programs. The results showed that not only newborn screening information system integrates screening processes among blood sampling centers, hospitals and referral centers, but also reduces the amount of manual processes. While in some countries national or regional newborn screening information systems are used, in Iran, newborn screening data are collected in several forms to be sent to the higher authorities. It seems that the use of a newborn screening information system that is able to gather screening information along with other personal health data will increase productivity and help managers to make effective decisions.

The requirements of information security in a telemedicine network can be categorized in four areas, namely; data storage and data accessibility, data transfer, human resources, and equipment for medical diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of each of the above areas from the perspective of information technology (IT) managers in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences, and the experts in the field who worked in the Ministry of Health. This was a survey study conducted in 2013. The participants of the study included 41 information technology (IT) managers in teaching hospitals and seven experts who worked in the Ministry of Health. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experts in the field. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (0/75=α). The results of the present study showed that among the requirements of information security in a telemedicine network, human resources were of high importance (mean = 87.50). The requirements related to the medical diagnostic equipment and those related to data storage and data accessibility were in the second (mean=87.04) and the third place (mean=85.97) of importance respectively. The requirements of information security in the area of data transfer were in the fourth place of importance. Considering the degree of importance that human resources gained compared to the importance of other requirements of information security in a telemedicine network, it seems that employing experts in the field of information security and training health care professionals in the application of telemedicine technology, may facilitate efficient deployment of this technology in the healthcare settings.

A patient accounting system is a subsystem of a hospital information system which provides comprehensive information to identify patients’ charges from admission to discharge. The main aim of this research was to compare the data elements of patient accounting systems with users’ requirements. The current research was a quantitative study completed in 2012. The participants were the users’ of patient accounting systems used in the hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of medical sciences. Stratified sampling method was used to select the participants (n=216) from 2 hospitals, and six patient accounting systems used in these hospitals were selected to compare their data elements with the users’ requirements. The research instruments were a questionnaire and a checklist. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was checked using internal consistency test (α0.95). Face validity of the checklist was confirmed by the experts. The mean value of > 3 showed the importance of each data element. The most important data elements were identified and compared with the systems’ data elements to determine the fitness between these two. To compare users’ views, Mann Whitney U test (α=0/05) was used. The results showed that among the data elements of an inpatient billing, the charges of healthcare services were the most important data elements from users’ perspectives. There was a significant difference between the views of managers and other users about the importance of the ‘type of insurance’ (P=0/025) and ‘the type of patient medical records’ (P=0/036). Generally, the findings showed that the current patient accounting systems were able to meet 70 -80% of users’ information needs. User involvement in designing and developing health information systems is one of the influencing factors on information systems’ success. As a patient accounting system covers an important part of the hospital’s financial information, it should not be excluded and weaknesses should be identified and addressed properly.

Nowadays, with the advent of electronic medical records (EMR), the need for information sharing has increased. As a result, more attention should be paid to the security and confidentiality of information systems. In this research, information security in hospital information systems was investigated considering three dimensions (administrative, technical and physical) in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences. This was an applied research study completed in 2012. The study population composed of information technology managers working in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences, and the representatives of software companies. Data were collected using a questionnaire. To check the face and content validity of the questionnaire, experts’ views were investigated and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha (=α 0/75). Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as t-test were used to analyze data. The study results showed that most of the hospitals had addressed issues related to information security in hospital information systems, and all three dimensions had been taken into account. There was no significant difference between the level of information security in the teaching and the non-teaching hospitals. However, there was a significant difference between the views of the information technology managers and the perspectives of the software companies’ representatives about the technical dimension of information security. Although the information security in hospital information systems was evaluated at the acceptable level, planning and implementing more effective security policies are necessary to overcome weaknesses in different dimensions of information security.

Although nurses are among the main users of hospital information systems، sometimes their resistant to using information technology are reported. The main objective of this study was to compare nurses’ satisfaction with، and expectations of، hospital information systems in Firoozgar and Imam Khomeini teaching hospitals. This was an applied research study. The study population was nurses worked in Firoozgar and Imam Khomeini teaching hospitals. The study sample was 267 nurses. Data were collected using two questionnaires. Content validity and coefficient Cronbach Alpha were used to check the validity and the reliability of the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test). The results of the study showed that most of the nurses’ expectations of the system were not met in Firoozgar (n=88، %92. 6) and Imam Khomeini (n=74، %89. 2) teaching hospitals. Also، the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the nurses’ expectations confirmation and the perceived system usefulness (P<0/001)، between the nurses’ expectations confirmation and their satisfaction with the systems (P<0/001)، and between the perceived system usefulness and nurses'' satisfaction with the systems (P<0/001). The findings of the study suggested that the nurses’ expectations of hospital information systems were not met in most areas. It seems that more attention should be paid to the nursing processes and nurses’ information needs. Moreover، it is necessary to involve nurses in the process of designing and developing hospital information systems.

Prior to offer and implementation of new jobs, the readiness of staff for fulfilling these jobs and the factors affecting on their readiness should be investigated. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the readiness of staff working in the medical records department, in undertaking new roles of health information management and the motivational and inhibitory factors of their participation in the continuing educational courses. This was an applied research study. The study population composed of 40 graduates in the field of “medical records” working in the hospitals affiliated to the social security organization in Tehran. Due to the limited number of participants, no sampling method was used in this study. Data were collected using Likert scale questionnaire. To confirm the validity of the questionnaire, experts’ views were investigated and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed using the test-retest method (r = 0.945). Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Spearman’s rho (rs) and t-test, were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the participants’ awareness of new jobs in health information management (HIM) and their age, work experience and graduation year. Moreover, there was an inverse significant relationship between the awareness of new jobs in the field of health information management and the motivational factors for attending in the continuing educational courses. No significant relationship was found between the awareness and inhibitory factors for participating in the continuing educational courses. It is important to offer necessary training courses to increase the level of awareness and improve staff skills before offering new jobs to them. Staff participation in the training courses will be facilitated if motivational factors are identified and inhibitory factors are controlled.

There are only a few reports that exist regarding primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the genital tract. In this article, one case of primary B-cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the cervix is presented. Case history: A 45 year-old woman presented bloody vaginal discharge. Upon vaginal examination, the cervix was found to be enlarged. Cervical biopsy revealed B-cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with CHOP chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy and radiation are recommended and effective treatments for genital tract B-cell type non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of uterus is rare. Uterine rupture is a rare obstetrical catastrophe that occurs before 20 weeks’ gestation in 70% of unicornate uterus cases. A 24-year-old primigravida woman was referred to our hospital due to failed induction-in-17th-weeks-of-her-pregnancy. Fetal-death was confirmed on abdominal ultrasound. Examination under-anaesthesia revealed -pregnancy-in thetrudimentary-horn.-It is concluded that careful-evaluation of probable-mullerian-anomaly-should-be-considered in every failed-induction.