hamed daneshpazhouh

Oxymetholone is an oral active anabolic-androgenic steroid. This drug was obtained in 1959 by methylating the 17α carbon and saturating the 5α carbon of testosterone. This drug in low doses are used to treat diseases such as; Anemia, lack of growth in children, reducing the spread of the AIDS virus in the body and heart failure are used. Unfortunately; some athletes use this drug as an energy-boosting drug in high doses due to its anabolic properties and its effect on muscle growth. In this study, the effect of Oxymetholone in a dose much higher than the physiological limit of the body was investigated on the liver of NMRI female mice. For this purpose, 12 mg/kg/day of the drug was injected intraperitoneally to adult mice (45 days old) for ten days. The results obtained from intraperitoneal (IP) injection of oxymetholone on the number of Kupffer cells in the liver in adult rats (NMRI) show that the number of Kupffer cells increased, which is significant at P<0.001. Also, according to the histograms related to The number of liver hepatocyte cells, the diameter of liver hepatocyte cells and the number of double nuclei in the liver and the results obtained, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the comparison between the sham, control and experimental groups at P<0.05. The results of the present study show that the consumption of oxymetholone steroids can cause harmful effects on the liver tissue of athletes.

Due to increasing resistance of pathogenetic bacteria to the new antibiotics, the researchers are seeking of finding the antimicrobial materials with herbal origins as the replacement of ineffective antibiotics. The aim of doing of this study is evalution of the antibacterial effect of hydro alcoholic extraction of the plant of thymus daensis on the bacteria of shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and streptococcus salivarius. 

in this practical study, the plant of thymus daensis were collected and the extraction of plant were prepared by the method of maceration and the antimicrobial effects of these plant in the amounts of 0.65, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l were prepared by using the method of transmission on disk on the bacteria of shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and Streptococcus salivarius compared with the antibiotics of Penicillin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline and Vancomycin and drop of halo of lack of growth was measured. Also the minimum concentration of restraining of growth (MIC) and the minimum concentration of lethalithy (MBC) of extractions against three concerned bacteria were determined.

The obtained results showed that the extraction of thymus daensis on streptococcus salivarius in the concentration of 10mg/l had the most effect and the drop of halo of lack of growth were respectively measured as 20.83, 20.33, 19. Also this extractions didn’t have any effect on the bacterium of Yersinia for mutuol effect of antibiotic in bacterium the maximum drop of halo of lack of growth for antibiotic of Tetracycline and bacterium of Streptococcus salivarius was achived but in the mutual effect of antibiotic of Vancomycin and the bacterium of Yersinia any halo wasn’t composed. The amount of mic related to thymus daensis on the bacteria of Streptococcus salivarius and Shigella flexneri showed a similar amount the equals to 0.65 mg/l and the amount of mic related to thymus daensis on the bacterium of Yersinia enterocolitica was achieved equals to1.25 mg/l. the amount of mbc component for the plant of Thymus daensis on the bacteria of Yersinia and Shigella was achived equals to 2.5 mg/l and for bacteria of Streptococcus salivarius was achived equals to 1.25 mg/l .

There for, the hydro-alcoholic extraction of thymus daensis  has an inhibitory effect, this extractions showed more effect on the bacterium of Streptococcus than two bacteria Yersinia and Shigella.

Autophagy is a conservative mechanism for cell survival as the main response of cells to stress conditions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of docetaxel on the survival, fertilization, and expression of autophagy-related genes in vitrified oocytes.  The study was conducted in 2018 at the Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran). Denuded oocytes were randomly selected and assigned to five groups, namely control (n=133), docetaxel (n=136), docetaxel+cryoprotectants (n=146), docetaxel+vitrification (n=138), and vitrification (n=145). The effect of vitrification on the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and Beclin-1 was determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0) and GraphPad Prism 9. Survival and fertilization rates in each experimental group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P=0.001). After in vitro fertilization of oocytes, the 2-cell formation rate was significantly reduced in the docetaxel+vitrification and vitrification groups compared to the control and docetaxel groups (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Pre-incubation of oocytes with docetaxel reduced gene expression levels of Beclin-1 and ATG5 in the docetaxel+cryoprotectants and docetaxel+vitrification groups (P=0.001 and P=0.019, respectively). The expression level of these genes was also reduced in the docetaxel group compared to the control group (P=0.001).  Incubation of mouse metaphase II oocytes with docetaxel prior to vitrification reduced the expression of autophagy-related genes and increased survival and fertilization rates compared to untreated oocytes.

Freezing is a long-term egg storage method that plays an important role in assisted reproductive methods. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of freezing solutions and docetaxel on the expression changes of autophagy genes such as Atg5 and Beclin-1 in mouse MII oocytes after glass freezing by cryotop method. To achieve this goal, mouse MII oocytes were collected and frozen in two different concentrations of 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 M sucrose in group A (VS1) and 7.5% ethylene glycol, glycerol. 7.5% and 0.5 M sucrose were frozen in group B (VS2) and some groups were affected by docetaxel before freezing. After thawing, the eggs were fertilized.The percentage of survival and fertilization of frozen and thawed oocytes was evaluated and the expression changes of genes (Atg5 and Beclin-1) were investigated by RT-PCR method. The results showed that there are significant differences between the percentage of survival and the percentage of fertilization in the freezing groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of survival and fertilization in the VS1 group decreased compared to the VS2 group. Also, the percentage of survival and conception of the groups pre-incubated with Docetaxel was higher than the non-incubated groups. This study showed that vitrification with cryotop changes the transcript levels of autophagy genes in frozen-thawed MII oocytes, and pre-incubation of oocytes with docetaxel before vitrification can decrease the transcript levels of Atg5 and Beclin-1 in the experimental groups and above Increase the percentage of survival and the percentage of formation of two-celled embryos.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification by two cryopreservation solution.

For this NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 8 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel + vitrification 1 solution; docetaxel + vitrification1; vitrification1; docetaxel + vitrification 2 solution; docetaxel + vitrification2; vitrification2. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution1 and ethylene glycol and glycerol at 7.5 concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution2. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody.

The results showed a significant difference in survive and fertilization rates compared to the control group (P<0.05). The rate of survival and formation of 2-cell embryos in the first cryopreservation group decreased compared to the second cryopreservation group but the two groups were not statistically significant. The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups.

Docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton.

As a stabilizing agent, docetaxel can potentially reduce the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton during vitrification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification. NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 5 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel+vitrification solution; docetaxel+ vitrification and vitrification. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody. The fertilization rate of each group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P=0.001). The rate of formation of 2-cell embryos in both vitrified groups (docetaxel+ vitrified and vitrified vitrified) was significantly lower than non-vitrified (control (P=0.001) and docetaxel ((P=0.004)). The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups, so docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton.

Gamete cryopreservation is an inseparable part of assisted reproductive technology, and vitrification is an effective approach to the cryopreservation of oocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate vitrification effects on the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) in mouse metaphase II oocytes. Oocytes were selected by simple random sampling and distributed amongst five experimental groups (control [n=126], docetaxel [n=132], docetaxel+cryoprotectant agent [CPA] [n=134], docetaxel+vitrification [n=132], and vitrification [n=123]). After the warming process, the oocytes were fertilized and cultured into a 2-cell stage. Then, the effects of vitrification on the expression of the Tfam and Cox1 genes were determined via real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Each group was compared with the control group. The data were analyzed with ANOVA using GraphPad and SPSS, version 21. A significant decrease was observed in the fertilization rate of each group in comparison with the control group (P=0.001). The rate of 2-cell formation after in vitro fertilization was significantly lower in both vitrification groups (docetaxel+vitrification and vitrification) than in the non-vitrification groups (fresh control and docetaxel) and control group (P=0.001 and P=0.004). The expression level of Cox1 was significantly higher in the vitrification group than in the control group (P=0.01), while it was lower in the docetaxel group than that in the control group (P=0.04). The expression level of the Tfam gene was significantly high in the vitrification group (vitrification+docetaxel) and the non-vitrified group (docetaxel+CPA) in comparison with the control group (P=0.01). This study indicated that the vitrification of mouse MII oocytes increased the expression of the Tfam and Cox1 genes.