hamid bakhtiari

Magnetized water as an environmentally friendly method boosts crop yield and quality. In this study, we investigate the effects of magnetized water treatment on vegetation growth responses and physiological parameters and vegetation growth responses of maize plants and physiological parameters. For this purpose, we provided the experimental design for a semi-large scale in the field. We evaluated three irrigation regimes including 2.31 (100%), 1.73 (75%), and 1.15 (50%) inches per foot with magnetized water, and compared to normal irrigation water during the cultivation period. In the context of maize cultivation in the field, it is noteworthy that the use of magnetized water resulted in a higher germination percentage of maize seeds compared to those irrigated with regular water. Furthermore, the length, weight, and number of seeds per ear in magnetized water treatment, especially 100%, were significantly more than control, which increased grain yield (about 30%). Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content of maize was reduced in an irrigation-dependent manner the lowest was in 50% treatment but magnetized water increased photosynthetic pigment content in leaves. The distribution pattern of insoluble sugars mirrored that of soluble sugars under the irrigation regimes in both treatments. However, the application of 100% magnetized water notably enhanced soluble sugars compared to the control. In addition, the production of anthocyanin and carotenoid increased by magnetized water 100% in maize leaves. Proline accumulation was also noted to decrease with reduced irrigation water levels in both magnetized and normal treatment groups, ranging from 100% to 50%. Hence, our findings indicate that the use of magnetic water may enhance crop yield by facilitating the transport of sugars through the increased presence of photosynthetic pigments and enhanced sugar synthesis. This effect is likely influenced by the specific water quantity needed for maize irrigation in conjunction with magnetic water application.

In the present study, the effect of thermal treatment on the corrosion behavior and microstructure changes of two-layer stainless-304-Cu sheet steel sheets after the explosive welding process has been investigated. Explosive welding has been done in parallel with an explosive layer of 46 and 63 µm and a stop distance of 2-3 mm. After explosive welding, the heat treatment process was carried out at 350 and 450 ° C for 8 and 16 hours. Explosive welding with an explosive load and variable stop distance. From the results of the electrochemical impedance test, it can be seen that the n number in the heat treatment sample at 350 ° C and 8 hours is less than the heat treatment sample at 450 ° C and 8 hours, and as a result, the corrosion current in the heat treatment sample The temperature is 350 ° C and the time is 8 hours, which reduces the load transfer resistance. By comparing the heat treatment samples at 350 ° C and 8 hours and the heat treatment at 450 ° C and the time of 8 hours with varying aniline temperature, the annealing time is constant and the heat treatment sample at 450 ° C and time 8 The hour with more annealing temperature has a value of n (0.80), followed by heat treatment at 350 ° C and 8 hours (n = 0.66), due to annealing temperature and reduced energy storage In the chapter.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the petrochemical products manufacturing value chain and the presentation of petrochemical products' optimal manufacturing pattern in petrochemical industries affiliates of pension funds. The case study in this research is JAM and MASJIDSOLEYMAN Petrochemical companies. Period of this research is 5 years. In this case study, the determiner faces paradoxical objectives simultaneously. The fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) method has been used based on the α-cut of fuzzy parameters in this research. The goal of this research is to extract the amount of products that have maximized profit and value-added and minimized risk simultaneously which face technological, market, financial, budget, legal, and national interest-related limitations. This method is often interested in the proper POSs that have finite tradeoffs between objective functions. One numerical sample has been used to show the possibility of using the said method in multi-objective optimizing issues for the production of propylene. Because of the efficiency and satisfaction of the obtained new solutions for this method, this method undoubtedly can be useful to solve the FMOLP problems. A decrease in the production of ethylene and light polyethylene and an increase in propylene and butadiene production is the most important policy recommendation of this research.

Gender inequality is one of the phenomena that can be seen in most human societies, and as a social issue, like other social phenomena, it is affected by various factors and on the other hand, it also affects other variables. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between gender inequality and cultural development of female students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was all female students of Tehran Islamic Azad University with a total of 457,381 people. The sample size has been calculated using the multi-stage cluster sampling method proportional to the volume and simple random equal to 382 people. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire on cultural development (57 items) and gender inequality (34 items) was used. Data analysis was done using Spss22 software.

The results showed that gender inequality in general and its dimensions such as (cultural inequality, social inequality, economic inequality, symbolic inequality) have an inverse relationship with cultural development. This means that with the reduction of gender inequality and its dimensions, the level of cultural development will decrease.

Therefore, it is possible to strengthen cultural development and its components by reducing

In this study, the corrosion behavior and microstructural variations of two-layer sheets consisting of 304 stainless steel copper have been investigated after the explosive welding process. Explosive welding is carried out by variable explosive charges and changing the distance between the sheets. To investigate the corrosion behavior of the welding zone, dynamic potential polarization and electrochemical impedance imaging were used. Besides, to perform microstructural analysis, metallographic tests using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed. In addition, micro-hardness is considered to investigate the effect of shock waves caused by the explosion. The results showed that the sample with an explosive thickness of 79 mm has the highest interface hardness (HV 549) due to the high thickness of the explosive layer and standoff distance (3 mm). Also, the polarization test results indicated that the lowest corrosion rate corresponds to the sample with an explosive charge thickness of 79 mm and a standoff distance of 2 mm, and the highest corrosion rate was related to the sample with a 46-mm explosive charge thickness and standoff distance of 3 mm. Based on the results obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, It can be concluded that by increasing the amount of copper in the locally frozen melt of the samples, the intensity of corrosion caused by the galvanic cell increases.

In the present study, the corrosion behavior and microstructural changes of 5000 series aluminum and copper sheets after the explosive welding process have been investigated. Explosive welding is performed with a fixed stop interval and change of explosive load. Dynamic potential polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used. The results of TOEFL polarization curves show that the lowest corrosion velocity was related to the sample with an explosive load of 1.5 and the highest corrosion velocity was related to the sample with an explosive load of 2.5. The corrosion resistance of a sample with an explosive load of 2.5 is less than that of a sample with an explosive load of 1.5 due to more severe plastic deformation at the joint. The metallographic results show a wave-vortexing of the joint due to the increase in the explosive charge. The results of the impedance test in welded samples showed that the value of n (experimental power parameter) decreased with wave-vortexing of the joint and the sample with 2.5 explosive load had the highest corrosion rate. Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that with an increasing explosive charge, the thickness of the local melting layer gradually increases.

Lack of water resources along with increasing population, lack of proper management of natural resources in the catchment area and diversion of water flow through the construction of dams, wells and cultivation of crops that are not suitable for climate change, have created many problems for border crossings with neighbors. The Qarahqum, Petregan-Khaf, and Hamun-Helmand catchments and the two rivers Harirod and Helmand are shared between Iran and Afghanistan. The Afghan government has caused a water crisis in eastern Iran, including Khorasan and Sistan, due to the construction of several dams upstream of the Harirod and Helmand rivers and disregard for the rights of the downstream countries of these common rivers. Iran, which is witnessing a decrease in water resources due to increasing water consumption, needs to manage its interactions with its neighbors from a water perspective. The question of this study is about the most important fields and reasons for cross-border river dispute between Iran and Afghanistan and what diplomacy has been used. Findings show that lack of proper management, non-compliance with watersheds, extensive dams and various interests of upstream and downstream countries are the most important reasons for disputes over the Helmand border river. Admittedly, a collaborative working group for proper policing between the two sides as well as the interaction of water diplomacy on common water resources is one of the right ways to resolve the two countries disputes. This paper deals with descriptive- analytical method and the use of documentary tools, Internet resources, and use of geographical maps. This paper deals with descriptive analytical method and the use of documentary tools, Internet resources, and use of geographical maps.

Serological assay has critical role in defining immunity based on seroprevalence. Identifying the extend of seropositivity would determine the truly infected cases.

We conducted serologic testing for SARS-COV-2 antibodies in 492 health care workers (HCWs) before vaccination program in Shiraz, Iran (30 April 2020).

Based on job position, cases were divided into two categories: frontline staff (169, 34.34%) and non-front-line staff (323, 65.65%). Of all cases 40.65 were female and the rest of them were male. Mean age was estimated 47.97 ± 109.20 and 38.98 ± 8.76 in high risk and low risk population respectively (P = 0.1). In total 367 (74.59%) subjects reported to suffered at least one of the COVID-19 symptoms. More than half of cases (73.57) had history of COVID-19 disease within six months before this survey. No relation was seen between blood type and immunoglobulin positivity. Seropositivity prevalence in low risk and high-risk populations were estimated 8.0 (95% CI: 1.0-16.8) and 5.2(95% CI: 1.2-9.8) respectively. The immunoglobulin test for SARS-COV-2 revealed that 64 (64/492, 13%) and 37 (37/492, 7.52%) subjects had IgG and IgM antibodies against the virus. 14 (14/169, 8.28%) individuals who had IgM were frontline health workers, this is while 23 (14/323, 7.12%) were non front line

The findings of this study imply that seropositivity was lower in non-frontline health care staff. Furthermore, there was no association between blood type and seropositivity. Therefore, the knowledge of antibody status may help into overcome fears in clinical staff, and also more attention is need for interpreting the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to make a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, since the time of expose and time of test is an important point which should be considered in the issue.

Identifying effective biomarkers plays a critical role on screening; rapid diagnosis; proper man-agements and therapeutic options,which is helpful in preventing serious complications. The present study aimed to compare the liver laboratory tests between alive and dead hospitalized cases for prediction and proper management of the patients.

This retrospective, cross sectional study consists of all deceased patients admitted in one center in Shiraz, Iran during 19 Feb 2020 to 22 Aug 2021. For further comparison,we selected a 1:2 ratios alive group randomly.

Overall, 875 hospitalized cases died due to COVID-19. We selected 1750 alive group randomly. The median age was significantly higher in died group (65.96 vs 51.20). Regarding the laboratory findings during the hospitalization ALT, AST, Bili.D were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors but Albumin was less in deceased patients. It was revealed elevated levels of Albumin, AST, Bili.T and Bili.D were associated with increasing the risk of in hospital death. Moreover, the predictive effect of ALP and Bili.D had significantly more than others with high sensitivity and specify.

We found patients with COVID-19 have reduced serum albumin level, and increase ALT and AST. The current results revealed abnormal liver chemistries is associated with poor outcome, which highlight-ed the importance of monitoring these patients more carefully and should be given more caution.

Influenza is one of the most important viral diseases with high mortality and morbidity that can have a great impact on public health and economy.

To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of influenza virus A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B infection in Fars province, southern Iran, in 2015-2019.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we assessed the archived data of Syndromic Surveillance System of Iran’s Health Ministry, allowed access by Communicable Diseases’ Unit of Health chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from December 22, 2015 to September 22, 2019. The participants included all patients whose data were recorded as influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections/illness (SARI). Influenza viral infection was confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Totally, 1269 patients suspected of influenza were sampled. The mean ± SD of age was 29.40 ± 26.91 years. Fever was the most common symptom (68.6%). The highest incidence was in winter (55.9%). Of 928/1269 laboratory’s results which were recorded in the registry, 204 (16.08%) samples were positive and 724 (57.05%) were negative. Among 204 positive results, 191 (15.05%) were influenza type A, and 8 (0.63%) influenza type B. Among patients with definite influenza type A, 34 (2.68%) had H1N1/p subtype, 58 (4.57%) H3N2, and one (0.08%) had other subtypes; however, subtypes were not identified in 7.72% of patients. Six (3.0%) patients with confirmed influenza expired.

The incidence of influenza, especially type A, in Fars province, southern Iran is considerable and requires more attention for prevention in health policy programs.

In this study, the effect of tool pin geometry on the mechanical and microstructural changes in the weld region and near it was investigated in the Friction Stir Welding process of butt joint of GOST 4784-97 aluminum alloy, using two types of threaded conical and cylindrical tool pins. To study the microstructure, a metallographic analysis using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope was used, and a tensile and micro hardness tests were used to investigate the effect of pin rotation on the mechanical properties of the joint. The results of the metallographic survey show a smooth and polished surface of the welded specimens with fine threaded cylindrical pin. The EDS analysis indicates the precipitates of aluminum, magnesium, manganese and iron in bright colors and the precipitates of oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, and silicon in the dark colors in the images. The micro-hardness analysis has shown that the highest degree of hardness in the weld region is obtained by coarse threaded cylindrical tool; and its reason was hard mechanical work and high temperature during the welding process, which led to the formation of very fine grains by the dynamic recrystallization mechanism, in the stir region. The tensile strength of all welded specimens was greater than the tensile strength of the base metal; and indicates that there are no imperfections in the welds, as well as an appropriate microstructure in frictional stir welding that improves the mechanical properties of the welded area.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most common epidemic diseases in tropical regions of the world. The disease is affected by economic, social, cultural, environmental and climatic factors. Fars province is one of the areas with high prevalence of this disease. Due to the occurrence of climate change in recent years in the country and in this province, the present study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Marvdasht city in 2015. This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Marvdasht city in 2015. Accordingly, demographic data of all patients registered in the Marijuana Medical Center's Marijuana Infection Unit were extracted and analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis and Chi-square using SPSS version 16 software. The incidence of disease in the whole population was 13.44, in men 14.4 and in 12.4% in ten thousand people. Most cases were in the age group of 21-30, housewives, and villagers. The hands had the most lesion and most people had more than 5 lesions. Also, the incidence of illness in the fall season was higher than in other seasons. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of disease based on gender (p <0.05). According to the results of this study, the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Marvdasht is high and there is no significant difference in the sex of the disease. Considering the high incidence of illness, the higher incidence of housewives, the occurrence of disease in the city and the villagers, and the number of lesions, it can be stated that the spread of disease in the city of Marvdasht has been rising and causing the release of the agent and carrier of the disease in the place of residence. As a result, appropriate health measures, including controlling the vector and the reservoir of the disease, should be carried out by the authorities through the spraying and optimal treatment of patients, so that the spread and spread of the disease and the subsequent prevention of disease can be prevented

In the present research, the influences of explosive welding parameters on the corrosion behavior of the three layer explosive welds of the tubes Al 5083 / Al 1050 / stcr18Ni9Ti in the salt environment was investigated. The selected parameters included the stand-off distance and the thickness of the explosive charge. Therefore, two samples A and B were welded with stand-off distances of 6 and 6.75 mm respectively. The results showed that with increasing the standoff distance, the straight interface transited to the wavy interface. The results showed that, with increases in the standoff distance, the hardness near the interface was increased. The results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the number n in sample A is lower than that of sample B and as a result, the corrosion current in sample A is higher which leads to the reduction of the charge transfer resistance. The increase in the transferred impact kinetic energy in the sample with higher stand-off distance and explosive charge thickness was also effective on the increase in the corrosion.

In this research, the effect of standoff distance and explosive material thickness on the Interface properties of three layers explosively bonded AA5083 and AA 1050 aluminum alloys to carbon steel by ABAQUS version 6.9 finite element software was investigated. For the simulation, Johnson cook equation and Williams Burg equation was used for the simulation of plates and explosive materials behaviors respectively. The simulation results showed that in the constant explosive ratio by increasing the standoff or in the constant standoff by increasing the explosive ratio, flyer and interlayer plates velocities and also dynamic collision angle increased. All the experiments placed in the welding windows properly. Interface strength decreased by formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and locally melted zones at the front of vortices.

Jugulans regia (Jugulandaceae), Astragaus hamosus (Papilionaceae), Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii boiss. (Iridaceae) and Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (Caesalpinaceae) have been suggested as antiepileptic remedies in traditional medicine of Iran. The possible anticonvulsant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of J. regia, fruits of A. hamosus, corm of C. haussknechtii, and aerial parts of C. angustifolia was evaluated in common experimental seizure tests in mice. The hydroalcoholic extracts of the plants were obtained by percolation of 100g of air-dried part of each plant in 900 ml ethanol 80%. Different doses of the extracts were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered in mice (10 male mice in each group) and occurrence of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 60mg/kg, i.p.) or tonic seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES; 50mA, 50Hz, 0.5sec) was observed 30 min thereafter. Acute toxicity of the extracts was also assessed. J. regia, C. haussknechtii, C. angustifolia did not show any anticonvulsant activity up to the maximum safe doses of 3 g/kg, 0.25 g/kg and 2 g/kg, respectively. A. hamosus had anticonvulsant effect in PTZ test at the high and sedative dose of 6 g/kg. The extracts did not affect tonic seizures induced by MES. J. regia, C. haussknechtii, C. angustifolia and A. hamosus had no anticonvulsant activity in PTZ and MES seizure tests.

This article has tried to calculate factors affecting the productivity of production in Carbon company of Iran. It has also tried to find out procedures for enhancing the productivity in this unit. The method used for this purpose is based on calculating the productivity of factors of production through parametric methods for the period of 1999-2009. in order to measure the actual productivity in this company the monthly production function data including explanatory variables such as: simple labor force, specialized labor force, as well as existing capital and energy, (to remove no stationary of data), estimation of date based on production function have been used. The results show that, despite fluctuations, the productivity of specialized and non-specialized labor as well as energy have increased at a speedy rate of growth. However, in spite of increasing the existing capital productivity the over all productivity was diminishing dramatically, due to over use of machinery capacities.