فهرست مطالب hamidreza malekinezhad

Despite the advances in modern medicine, drugs and medical technology, stroke diseases cause significant complications to people and always result in a decrease in performance, working memory and muscle strength. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of fall-proof training on functional capacities, working memory and Muscle strength of the elderly with stroke.

24 elderly patients suffering from a stroke were divided into two experimentally equal groups and control. The experimental group performed fall-proof exercises for eight weeks, and the control group did not perform any intervention. Training session consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up and stretching, 15 minutes of strength training, 25 minutes of multi-sensory system balance training, the center of gravity control, and posture strategies. In this study, to evaluate the functional capacity of the subjects, from three tests including: get up and go test, a 6-minute walking test, and 8-foot walking agility test, to evaluate working memory using the Wechsler working memory software and to evaluate muscle strength two tests of 30 seconds of lateral climbing and 30 seconds of sitting to standing were used.

Working memory (P = 0.002), stand up and go test (P < 0.001), 6-minute walk test (P = 0.020), 8-foot walk agility test (017 P = 0.01) and the 30 second lateral up test (P = 0.013) had a significant difference in the two experimental and control groups. Working memory (P = 0.001), stand up and go test (P < 0.001), 6-minute walk test (P = 0.009) and 8-feet walk agility test (P = 0.009), 30 seconds of sit-to-stand (P = 0.032) and 30-s Lateral Step Up Test (P = 0.013) in the experimental group increase significantly in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. Also, the intra-group test did not show any significant difference in any of the variables in the control group in the post-test compared to the pre-test. 

The results showed that fall-proof exercises have led to an increase in working memory, functional index and muscle strength in the elderly with stroke. Due to the multi-dimensional effects of fall-proof exercises and the multifactorial nature of stroke, fall-proof exercises can be used in rehabilitation programs for the elderly with stroke.

It is very likely that the elderly will suffer from movement disorders and weak cognitive abilities after a stroke. Exercise can be a suitable strategy for rehabilitation in the elderly after stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fall-proof exercises on cognitive abilities, balance and walking speed in elderly people with stroke. The current research was an interventional type. The research population included all stroke patients (334 people) in Yazd city, of which 24 male patients were selected by convenience sampling. The statistical sample was randomly divided into two equal experimental (12 people) and control (12 people) groups. The experimental group performed fall-proof exercises for 8 weeks, and the control group did not perform any intervention. In general, a training session included 10 minutes of warm-up and stretching, 15 minutes of strength training, 25 minutes of multisensory balance training (vision, vestibular, sensory-body), center of gravity control, and posture strategies. Cognitive abilities, balance and walking speed were measured before and after the exercises in both experimental and control groups. Multivariate covariance test was used for inter-group comparison and paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison. The results of the intergroup test showed that decision-making (p<0.001), sustained attention (p=0.003), cognitive flexibility (p<0.001), memory (p=0.005) Problem solving (p=0.001), balance (p<0.001) and walking speed (p=0.002) had a significant difference in the two experimental and control groups. The results of the intragroup test showed decision-making (p<0.001), paid attention (p<0.001), cognitive flexibility (p<0.001), memory (p<0.001), problem solving (p=0.003), balance (p>0.001) and walking speed (p=0.005) in the experimental group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. fall-proof exercises have led to the improvement of cognitive abilities, balance and walking speed in the elderly with stroke. Considering the improvement of cognitive abilities, balance and walking speed, fall-proof exercises can be used in rehabilitation programs for elderly people with stroke.

Sport activity leads to metabolic and physiological adaptations, which may have a beneficial role for diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low volume and high volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum leptin and some of the lipid profiles of type 2 diabetic men.

In this randomized clinical trial, 30 males with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups of 10, including low volume and high volume HIIT and control groups. The low volume groups underwent intensive training for up to two minutes and a high volume group up to six minutes for 8 weeks. Blood lipid profile indicators were measured before and 48 hours after the last exercise session. By using SPSS version 25, the paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA and LSD as a post hoc test were used to analyze the data. For all analysis α=0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance.

There was a significant difference before and after 8 weeks of low-volume HIIT training at triglyceride (p = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in serum leptin, cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C in men with type 2 diabetes (p>0.05). ANCOVA only found a differences between groups on BMI (F2, 26 = 3.61, p = 0.041). Also, the post hoc in two by two comparisons of HDL showed that there was a significant difference between high volume HIIT and control groups (p = 0.021) and low volume and control group (p = 0.011). The HDL-C levels in HIIT training groups increased significantly compared to controls.

Considering other proven adaptations of HIIT training on triglyceride, HDL and improving glycemic indexes is a useful and safe training for type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, needing a very short time for this training, metabolic, functional and physiological adaptations of HIIT training, along with other exercises are recommended to improve the condition and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and complications of type 2 diabetes.