hasan danaee fard

The public sector is facing diverse and complex challenges in the current era. Solving these challenges, which are often related to the development of communication and data, will not be possible except by benefiting from the capacities created by these technologies and realizing data-driven governance. Artificial intelligence technology is one of the revolutionary technologies in the current era that can be used to improve the quality of governance. In order to apply this technology, it is necessary to first consider possible obstacles and challenges in a conscious way. Therefore, in the current research, after a systematic review of the literature, 16 obstacles and challenges of using artificial intelligence in the public sector have been identified and prioritized using the fuzzy simple weighting method(FSAW). According to the findings, "access to data and its quality" have been identified as the most important obstacle, and "ignoring public and social considerations" as the most important challenge. Finally, the identified cases are placed in 6 economic, social, political, managerial, technological and ethical categories, and policy recommendations are proposed according to each category and relevant stakeholders.

Motivation is influenced significantly by organizational management, which impacts employee interactions and indirectly relates to human resource systems. To find out how managers reduce employee motivation in Iranian government organizations, this qualitative study attempts to uncover the mechanisms involved. From 2021 to 2022, data were collected via semi-structured interviews in 28 public organizations using the qualitative content analysis method (n=50). As a result of the research, six themes have been identified: "job nature," "management style," "career advancement and progression," "compensation," "work environment," and "interpersonal relationships," as well as 17 categories and 64 subcategories describing managerial mechanisms that lead to employee demotivation. Researchers and practitioners of human resource management can apply these findings both theoretically and practically. By understanding the specific factors that contribute to demotivation, organizations can develop targeted strategies to enhance employee motivation and overall organizational effectiveness. This study provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing managerial practices and their impact on employee motivation within the context of Iranian public organizations.

This study aimed to understand the transition process of governors in the Islamic Republic of Iran.The study used a qualitative research approach and developed a grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nine previous governors and reviewing three former governors' biographies.

The study found that governors in the Islamic Republic of Iran experience confusion between institutional fields during the transition process. To overcome this confusion, governors employ tactics to discover institutional fields, develop communication channels, build connections with individuals within these fields, and exert influence over these fields. The governor's cultural and social capital are contextual aspects that play a role in this process. There are also intervening elements that are outside the governor's control, such as the public's perception of the government, the governor's legal standing and authority, the competence of the interior minister, and the province's degree of development.The study's findings provide a model for the transition process that can be used to support new governors in their transition to the governorate. The model emphasizes the importance of discovering institutional fields, developing communication channels, building connections with individuals within these fields, and exerting influence over these fields. The findings highlight the importance of contextual aspects and intervening elements that are outside the governor's control. The study's results may be useful in enhancing the performance of governors during their transition process and improving the governance of provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Open policy making represents an innovative and modern approach for governments to create and deliver policies that are effectively aligned with the rapid changes and evolving demands of a fast-paced, digital world. This approach is emerging as a vital and progressive methodology in the field of government administration, particularly in the era of information technology and global connectivity. The anticipated outcomes of adopting open policy making are manifold. They include achieving more optimal policy adoption through collaborative efforts, garnering robust stakeholder support for the implementation of desired policies, enhancing access to critical data for both elites and the general public, significantly increasing public participation in the policy-making process, and substantially boosting public trust in governing institutions, such as the Shura Council. Within this framework, the current research is specifically focused on developing a comprehensive open policy framework tailored for the Parliament of Iran, aiming to modernize and improve its policy-making processes

This research is grounded in the interpretative paradigm of the philosophical foundations of research and is applied in nature. It utilizes a mixed-methods approach for data collection. The target population encompasses all scientific experts in public policy (including faculty members of universities and research institutions with expertise in decision-making and public policy) and executive experts (including current and former members of the Parliament). Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews, library research, and literature review for the qualitative part, and questionnaires for the quantitative part. Using snowball sampling, 22 exploratory and in-depth interviews were conducted with scientific and executive public policy experts. In the quantitative phase, 44 individuals were selected through stratified probability sampling. Grounded theory and Maxqda10 software were used for data analysis in the qualitative part, while the structural equation modeling approach was applied in the quantitative part.

Data analysis identified the general dimensions and preconditions of the open policy model, along with the components and elements constituting its main dimensions, including understanding the problem, developing solutions, compiling, and evaluating. Quantitative findings demonstrate the positive and significant effect of transparency, a key dimension of open policy, on problem understanding, solution development, formulation, and evaluation. Similarly, public participation significantly impacts problem understanding, solution development, formulation, and evaluation. The results also highlight the direct and meaningful impact of cooperation, another general dimension of open policy, on these aspects. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that understanding the problem positively and significantly affects solution development, which in turn influences formulation and evaluation.

Given the fundamental principles of transparency, participation, and cooperation, the implementation of the open policy model is essential and highly beneficial for strengthening the overall performance of the Parliament. By embracing this model, the Parliament can significantly enhance its efficiency and effectiveness in fulfilling its legal roles, while also fostering a more inclusive and collaborative approach in its governance. This adoption not only aids in decision-making processes but also ensures greater accountability and public engagement.

Metaphorization is one of the common strategies in understanding and theorizing phenomena, and despite the widespread use of this method, little research has been done on its methodology. This issue, along with the creative and complex nature of metaphor, has led some to believe that it is not possible to provide a methodical framework for Metaphorization. By analyzing the research done in the field of metaphor and metaphor research, this article tries to provide a methodical and step-by-step framework for conducting metaphor research in the field of organization and management. Based on this, in this article, first by reviewing metaphorical researches, the depth, scope and types of metaphorical research methods are explained, and then, while analyzing the place of metaphoricalization in the process of scientific theorizing, the methodology of metaphoricalization in the field of organization and management in the form of the conventional process of stating the problem and the rationale of the research , the method of setting the research question or questions, data collection, the method of data interpretation and the conclusion will be presented.

In Iran, a number of studies have been conducted on population policies in recent years. By examining these studies, it is evident that no review study has examined these studies and provided a clearer picture of the state of population policy studies. Most of the articles were written in documentary and descriptive form and in some periods (2010 and 2015) were more published, which can be caused by the persuasion of researchers through some factors such as the desire of politicians to change the population policy and also communicating the general policies of the population. The conflict of opinions in population policy approaches in Iran is evident, most of the studies have agreed to increase the population policy in the target period. Analyzing the reason for this difference of opinion, the discourse of each of these approaches, and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses about population policies as well as designing the optimal model of population policy-making in can be suggested

One of the challenges facing Iran's public administration is to strengthen the resilience of employees in the face of the country's crises, because government organizations can effectively lead and manage crises with their human resources. Several researches have been conducted on the strategies of the administrative system to promote the resilience of public sector employees; But these strategies have been established based on the view of managers and rulers of organizations. An important knowledge gap in this field is the lack of employees' own views on ways to strengthen their resilience. The ultimate goal of this research is to conceptualize the concourses of the employees regarding the strategies to increase the resilience of the employees in the crisis situation (here corona) using Q methodology. In response to the research questions, six factor (Resilience in terms of creating a sense importance in the organization, resilience in terms of enriching the work environment in the organization, resilience in terms of crisis-oriented planning, resilience in terms of process transformation, resilience in terms of constructive interactions in the organization and resilience In terms of the evolution of organizational democracy)emerged in the light of factor analysis, and at the end, the implications of these mental models for the theory and practice of employee resilience were discussed for researchers and policy makers.

Policy makers’ mental models provide a sound basis for Public policies’ forms and contents in every state. Interaction and discourse of the models (dynamics of models) can improve the context quality for policies’ formation. In process of public policy analysis, having an explanation for assumptions, values and mental models of policy makers is the most important function of policy analysts. One of the most common methods in this area is drawing of public policy makers’ cognitive maps. In this article, the method is explored and analyzed in terms of entity, historical evolution, a way of implementation (data elicitation, coding rules, merging and standardization, intercoder reliability, validity and reliability), an applied case in policy making field (presenting and interpreting Excerpt from a pre-crisis cognitive map of former German Chancellor Angela Merkel)  as well as criticism of it. Finally, Implications of the method for policy researchers are presented. This method elicits underlying values and assumptions easier, and less costly than many other eliciting methods.

Policy capacity refers to the ability to develop “policy options” to achieve public goals. The policy has a close interaction with the legislation. On one hand, policies are converted to the law in bills and plans format, and on the other, some laws have policy aspects themselves. Therefore, if the capacity of policymaking is strengthened in parliament, then the legislation will be strengthened. There are evidence and issues such as hyperlexis, a long line of bills and plans in committees, and the required research policy to create dynamic and constitutional rules and laws, increasing the requirement to study policymaking capacity promoting in Parliament. The aim of this research is to develop a model through the identification of constituent elements of policymaking capacity and their relationships. This study was conducted utilizing a qualitative approach and case study strategy in which Parliament, as a case study, is explored deeply and qualitatively. Statements of the Supreme Leader, interviews with members of Parliament, the legislative and policy experts, expert reports, and plans and bills were used as data collection tools because the study is based on multi-method or pluralism. The data analysis method was based on thematic analysis and eventually, the final model was developed with the CIPP, context, input, process, and product, and framework. Capacity-building infrastructures, policy capacity enrichment, and improved policy capacity, in addition to the environment governing the policy capacity, are among the model elements, whose attention and operationalizing lead to the issue of constitutional laws and the strengthening of the special functions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

From the perspective of the discourse approach, this present study aims to comprehend the reason and method behind the alteration of housing policy in the fourth and fifth development plans of Iran.
This study employed Laclau and Mouffe's discourse approach as a research methodology to examine the housing policy in Iran's fourth and fifth development plans. The method includes two primary steps: Firstly, identifying the main signifiers to describe the semantic system of the discourse, and secondly, describing the social theory of each discourse based on the centrality of antagonism. Following the second step, the construction of the discourse on housing policy in each program is separately explained.
The results of discourse analysis in the present study show that the fourth program seeks to achieve justice. According to the discourse analysis literature of Laclau and Mouffe, justice is considered a floating signifier in this discourse due to its polysemous feature. Other signs mentioned in this program show that this program is trying to achieve its desired justice by empowering the subjects financially and economically and distributing residential economic resources in a targeted manner. Therefore, it can be said that the justice discussed in this discourse is economic justice. The hegemony of the discourse of economic justice causes antagonism with other possible meanings of justice and causes antagonism with other alternatives of justice such as welfare, development, right, and need. By excluding the signs of social justice, the fifth plan chooses sustainable development as its floating sign. The expansion of urban areas and the establishment of new cities in the fourth development plan have resulted in challenges that have led to a shift towards sustainable development as the focal point of housing policy in the fifth plan. Neglecting the internal development of cities and worn-out fabric on the one hand and endangering natural resources and agricultural lands, on the other hand, are the most important issues that have been created by the sprawl of urban areas and the establishment of new cities. In such a scenario, the fifth development plan uses the nodal signifier of "internal development and empowerment" to encapsulate the floating signifier of sustainable development. The established meaning of sustainable development, which is influenced by the United Nations Human Settlements Program, is different from the previous discourse and contradicts other possible meanings of sustainable development. Non-interference in nature and the pristine environment is the established meaning of sustainable development in this discourse. The discourse of targeted and managed intervention is also viewed as a competing perspective to this approach.
By dominating the discourse of economic justice, Iran’s fourth development program contradicts other alternatives of justice, such as cultural justice and social justice, and general alternatives of justice, such as rights, needs, and goods, and has excluded them. By dominating sustainable development, the fifth Development Plan also contradicts other types of development including the non-physical and environmental nature of housing. The investigation of the emergence and alteration of housing policy from the discourse approach perspective in other development programs can complement the discourse analysis conducted in this study. Identifying the prevailing discourses on housing policy in the development plans can reveal the discourses that are missing in this area, thus aiding in the formulation of the 7th development plan. This can also shed light on the development of topics and methods and identify individuals who have been deprived of housing policies. In addition, by analyzing the discourse governing the issue of housing in the Constitution and comparing it with the discourses of housing in development plans, it is possible to determine the compatibility of these plans with the Constitution. In terms of method, it is possible to analyze the housing policy in Iran by using other discourse analysis approaches such as Fairclough or discourse psychology.

Oftentimes, policy failure refers to the wrong definition of a policy problem. This is a pervasive challenge in various fields, especially public policy analysis studies, which are also referred to in different terms. In practice, too, the definition of a wrong problem in the form of a third type of error leads to policy problems remaining unresolved and sustainable. The cause of the third type of error should be sought for four reasons: systems of problems, different interpretations, information politics, and external changes.In this article, while reviewing the nature of policy problem and problem definition theories, a typology of the most important policy problem theories is presented. In addition to the literature review, we will present the "Problem Definition prism of light spectrum", which describes in seven layers the intellectual spectrum of problem definition theories: purpose, theme, ontology, scientific paradigm, method, approach, and level of analysis. The present study seeks to present the complexities of the problem definition process to the viewers and to avoid simplifying the definition of policy problems.

Problem-oriented approach, known as one of the bases of policy sciences, caused the policy problem to become a significant object of study in these sciences. This concept, like other concepts in policy sciences, has been contested by different epistemological approaches. Discourse analysis, as one of these approaches, has presented a different perspective to the study of the policy issue by proposing the idea of Problem-oriented approach. The literature review of discourse analysis in public policy studies shows that the ruling discourse makes things problematic by introducing objects into the game of right and wrong. This view to the policy problem is not only different from the competing approaches of discourse analysis, but also has subtle differences with the similar approaches of discourse analysis. In the present research, firstly, the position of the problem in policy studies has been examined, and then, with an outline of the concepts of discourse analysis, the problematic nature of the policy has been explained from the point of view of the discourse approach. Finally, by adopting a critical approach, steps are presented to understand the problematic nature of the policy. The result of these steps is the understanding of what is considered as a problem, the presuppositions, the lineage of the problem and the non-problems that have been rejected, and the determination of the factors involved in taking the problem for granted.

The most important function of human resource management is to attract qualified people and strive to maintain existing human resources. If management fails in this important task, the grounds for qualified employees for leaving organization and reducing productivity will be provided. The purpose of this study was to design employee voluntary turnover model. In this regard, following the method of grounded theory, a number of employees of the world service of IRIB were interviewed in a semi-structured way. In order to analyze data, open, axial and selective coding was used, which resulted in the extraction of 75 concepts, 50 categories and 15 basic theorems in the form of Strauss-Corbin paradigm model. Findings showed that categories such as feelings of injustice, feelings of corruption, autocratic and coercive management style, and etc. In the form of causal conditions lead to the phenomenon of "decision to leave the organization" as a central category in the organization. After that, the person leaves the organization in a planned way or suddenly (actions). Also, categories such as age and Work experience, degree of resilience of the individual, degree of family companionship, type of personality, type of previous job, network status and external communications as contextual factors affect selecting actions of the individual. The intervening category in this study was job embeddedness. The consequences of the actions described were such things as unemployment after leaving the organization, worsening of financial situation after leaving, peace of mind, enduring material and financial losses, and finding a more suitable job.

Abstract
States are willing to provide services that increase citizens' satisfaction. To do so, they need to increase the public services quality provided by the government organizational staffs. Today only the organizations that are able to attract and motivate the highly effective forces will succeed. Given this, the quality of human resource management is more important these days. This research aimed at studying the human resource management’s role in the organizational commitment, organizational identification and intent to leave job inside public organizations in Iran. In order to create a measure used mix method .This measure has been created based on interviewed with 30 public organizations employees in Iran  and a good governance framework in the Iran’s governmental organizations and the major administrative system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and then it has been validated by the factor analysis method and as the next step the relationship between human resource management quality questionnaire organizational commitments - organizational identification and intent to leave job was evaluated on 384 public organizations employees. The results show the relationship between human resources management quality and organizational commitment and organizational identification has significant positive and significant negative relationship with intent to leave  job.
Human resource management quality has an extensive impact on employees attitudes, behaviors and their organizational performance.
Case study
Iran’s public sector  
This research is based on exploratory mixed methods.By analyzing literatures and the qualitative data collected from interviews,  and also using the roadmap of  Iran administration system correction and good governance in the public sector model, we are able to prepare a conceptual and operational framework which is validated by factor analysis and correlation of three criteria.
Discussion and The result of this research is a tool for measuring human resource management quality in Iran’s public sector.
The result of this research, is a validate tool for measuring human resource management quality in Iran’s public sector.

It' very common that various academic courses, human sciences, natural sciences, art and social sciences such as management, borrow ideas, models and guidelines from another one, philosophical schools, paradigms, theories, frameworks or professional disciplines to make their knowledge repository more precious. The more giver has intrinsic richness; the more borrower can take. In this regard, Critical Realism becomes a philosophical pervasive origin that the others take from it. This paper, on this framework, investigates to identify and extract epistemical implications of CR, based on Bhaskar's version mostly, for Knowledge Management, more precisely for knowledge cycle in Nonaka's view.The research conducts via Implication Research Method, a novel one that conducted some academic theses.The paper shows, CR, in three scope of epistemology has some considerable contributions for KM. And on it consequence, some implication can be taken. On the other hand, this paper can be a model for implication research investigation, as well, of CR and other philosophical schools.

Theorizing as one of the tools used by researchers to develop and expand the frontiers of science and knowledge in different intellectual-philosophical paradigms is done with various methods and strategies. Metaphorical strategy has been accepted as one of the theorizing methods in the symbolic interpretive paradigm among experts. In the field of public management and circulation of managers, several metaphors have been presented so far. In the present study, emphasizing the value of the theories that have been presented so far, the aim is to present a new theory in the field of public management and circulation of managers to better describe and interpret Government is in different systems of government. In this study, with the approach of metaphorical reasoning and the general method of theorizing (Danaee Fard,2009), the theory of public management with focus on government managers and their displacement is presented as rain clouds. It has a comprehensive and holistic view on explaining, describing and conveying the concepts of key dimensions of public management, especially the transfer of government managers, and at the same time examines the ambiguities and neglected questions in previous theories and considers these issues critically in a new theory. On the other hand, this theory has the ability and flexibility to explain and describe government management in developed, developing and underdeveloped societies and has the power to convey acceptable concepts

In recent decades, although public administration has concentrated on the complex concept of performance and its evaluation, it has simultaneously neglected ministers and their departments, or, if done, it is still at an initial stage. The importance of performance evaluation is not concealed to anyone, and theoretically, when we move up in the organizational hierarchy its importance grows till we reach the ministers at the top of government agencies and at the borderline of politics and administration. In addition, science in today's world has not only become a tool for states' power and domination, but it determines the development of countries. Hence, the great role of science and technology organizations and their leaders in countries’ development. Considering the lack of a performance evaluation model for top administrators, this study has addressed the Iranian Minister of Science, Research and Technology and interviewed 42 experts following a combination of quota, targeted and theoretical sampling methods. This resulted in 37 organizing themes and 9 general themes through thematic analysis as follows: higher education development, beneficial science production, higher education preparation, managerial achievements, policy-making achievements, political achievements, promotion of science, university and scientists, Islamization of universities, scientific diplomacy and budget management.

In this article, the results of the examination of the policy entrepreneurs’ motivations through a combination of Delphi strategies and analytic hierarchy process are given. Research method of the study was descriptive-survey, and the selection of experts was done through judgmental sampling. Based on the Delphi findings, the participating experts deemed 21 motivations effective on the manifestation of entrepreneurial behaviors in the public policymaking arena in Iran. Moreover, according to the analytic hierarchy process results, spiritual, doctrinal, and ideological (i.e., sublime) motivations, professional motivations, and individual motivations have been effective on motivating policymaking entrepreneurs in the public policymaking arena. Furthermore, throughout the system, “the policy entrepreneurs’ perception of God as the only real source of power as well as the importance of conscience” has had the highest effect and “professional progression, promotion, and administrative power” and “excessive self-esteem” have the least effect on motivating the policy entrepreneurs.

One of the functions of governments in the field of energy supply is the roles they play in formulating policy, as the first link in the public policy-making system. Therefore, this article provides a conceptual framework for the roles of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in formulating a national policy in the sustainable development of nuclear power using the three pillars of the institutional system, namely; The regulatory, cognitive, and normative elements are taken from Scott's point of view. The research method is quantitative and applied, which has been collected using the required data in four rounds using the Delphi method. Therefore, using the prepared questionnaire, in the first and second rounds, 38 opinions, in the third round, 35, and in the fourth round, 33 experts who had expertise, knowledge and experience on the subject under study were obtained. Statistical techniques used in the descriptive section; Mean, exponential and standard deviation indices in inferential section; The sign test was the binomial test and the Friedman test. Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that from the perspective of research experts, all elements of regulatory, cognitive and normative roles are involved in formulating the policy under study and are of great importance. Elements related to regulatory and cognitive roles are significantly different in terms of priority.

The present study aims at presenting the pathological model of the process of collaboration between the public and nongovernmental sectors as one of the key factors affecting project performance utilizing multi-case research method as well as the grounded theory for data analysis. This research tries to find quality partnerships for implementing projects that are delivered by BOT. These drivers will include the causal conditions, structures, processes, and mechanisms of actors involved in public-private partnerships. In this regard, at first step, by reviewing the literature, the approach of developed and developing countries, and the way, in which, the parties engage in different contexts are investigated.Then, the required data is collected to be used in the grounded theory by referring to the successful and unsuccessful cases in collaboration between the governmental and nongovernmental sections, and conducting interviews with different individuals from different levels of management from both sectors, attending meetings of the committee of investment companies in the construction of Iranian freeways and memorization from our observations of how the dialogue, behavior and interaction of the parties. Then, by analyzing the acquired data, the Pathology Model of the collaborative process between public sector and non-governmental sector in BOT freeway projects is developed.According the obtained results in this study, the lack of respect, risk coverage, and joint decision making constitute the phenomenon of undesirable partnership. Finally, while comparing this research findings with those existing in the literature, executive suggestions are made to reduce challenges and promote existing collaborative efforts.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of the alienation of implementers from tax policies.

The research population consisted of tax auditors of the General Directorate of Tax Affairs of Qom province and the sample was selected through the purposeful sampling of the theoretical type. This research was basic in terms of purpose and data collection, it was descriptive. The data collection tool was an interview and the analysis of the data from the interview was done using the thematic analysis technique. Data analysis led to the formation of 14 sub-themes and 3 main themes.

The results of the data showed that the failure to implement tax policies, the inefficiencies of the Tax administration in achieving organizational goals and formation of Inefficient organizational outcomes are consequences of alienation of implementers from tax policies in Iran

Few studies have been conducted on public policy alienation. These studies have identified a few consequences. Nevertheless, other consequences have not been seen. This study identified other consequences of this phenomenon, such as implementers indifference with policies, organizational silence, deviant behaviors, burn-out, decreased mental health, etc. and categorized these into three main themes.

Developing managers' influence in organizations success and the need to improve their performance necessitated designing manager' development systems, which, one of its solutions is to recognize and analyze their roles. From sociologists' point of view, role theory comes from comparing social life with the play; In another word, just as actors on the stage are expected to play their role well, the role is simply a behavior that is expected from people according to their position. Meanwhile the importance of ministers' roles isn't concealed to anyone. Ministers -at the top of politics and management- are managers of large organizations called ministries whose smallest decisions can have great effects; Therefore, lack of their role model, not only prevents them from optimal performance and puts them in a lot of ambiguities and conflicts, but also slows the progress of organizations; Therefore, this study addressed designing a role model for I.R.I. minister of Research, Science and Technology. For this purpose, 42 experts were interviewed and their ideas were analyzed by thematic analysis which resulted in 15 organizing themes and 5 general themes as follows: policy-making role, executive role, political role, public relations role, and international role.

Given the effect of employee morale on organizational productivity and the low productivity of the public sector, it is critical to examine this variable and to discover its effective factors. Organizational goal ambiguity affects employee morale andthis is blatantly noticeable in the public sector. This study is aimed at investigating the category of public service organizations in which morale is affected by goal ambiguity and determine the type of employees influenced by it.

Data were collected using the standard questionnaires of PFS Employee Morale and Rainey's Organizational Goal Ambiguity. The study population consisted of 79 public service organizations of Yazd, from which 380 employees were selected through stratified sampling. Cross-loadings and the correlation between observable and latent variables were used to test the construct validity. SPSS and Smart PLS were utilized for data analysis

Organizational goal ambiguity decreased the morale in employees with a diploma degree, but increased it in female employees, employees with higher education, those with work experience less than 5 and more than 15 years, and those aged under 30 and over 40; however, it did not affect other groups. Moreover, this variable increased employee morale in bank and insurance job categories, but had no significant effect on other organizational groups.

The results of this study emphasize that the use of organizational goal ambiguity increases the morale of the employees, provided they pay attention to individual characteristics and organizational mission.

Human resource management quality has an extensive impact on employee attitude and their behaviors and the end in organizational performance. So, human resource management quality has an important role on employee behavior and performance. The aim of this research is to designing a tool for measuring human resource management quality in good governance base and validating it in Iran’s public sector. To explore this state, in qualitative part, we surveyed the literature and then interviewed 28 employees of the different organization. By analyzing literature and qualitative data from interviewed, and use roadmap of Iran administration system correction and good governance in the public sector model , prepare a conceptual and operational framework. Roadmap of Iran administration system correction showed that human resource of Iran has a five sector(planning, recruitment, training, motivation, performance management, retirement). For determining content validity, it was sent to 30 management consultants and experts. Management consultants and experts confirmed the content validity of conceptual and operational framework. At the second stage, for determining construct validity of our measure, we use factor analysis. The results confirm the construct of our measure. The result of this research, is a validate tool for measuring human resource management quality in Iran’s public sector.

The fundamental essential for success and sustainability of social systems toward the progress is principle of meritocracy. Moreover, the ever-increasing development of societies, beside governments efforts to increase the quality and efficiency of public sector services and to improve the leadership of government agencies have turned governments' attention to the importance of training and employing competent leaders and administrators more than ever. Therefore, designing a competency model for top public administrators is a fundamental priority for governments. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study, focused on the design of a competency model for top public administrators and since literature analysis is an important step to draw up a comprehensive picture of it, the researcher decided to analyze them through meta-synthesis. In this study, at the first step, through a deep search in literature, gained 151 references; which in a refinement reduced to 82 one’s. Then, 680 codes were extracted which through analysis and conclusion deducted to 63 sub-concepts, 9 concepts and 3 categories as follows: individual competencies (intrinsic, value, attitudinal-behavioural, and occupational), scientific competencies and skill competencies (managing, cognitive, interactive, leading and political).