hasan esmailpour

In the last two decades, the literature in field of consumer behavior has paid a lot of attention to the issue of compulsive buying, but there are gaps.

The purpose of research was to design a model of the psychological behavior of compulsive buyers in relation to brands based on the qualitative approach.

In the research, a qualitative approach based on the foundational data theory was used. The studied population included residents of Tehran in 2021 with an age range of 16 to 50 years who had compulsive buying disorder, and specialists in psychology and psychiatry, and marketing managers from Tehran with at least 10 years of experience. In order to collect data, the semi-structured interview method and the Compulsive Buying Behavior Diagnosis Questionnaire of Maccarrone & Schofield (2017) were used. Open, central, and selective coding, with Max QDA software version 20, and SPSS version 26 were used for data analysis.

The found model showed that contextual conditions (psychological and sociological factors), along with intervening conditions (concepts related to the brand, lifestyle display, income, intensifying negative feelings), in formation of compulsive buyers in relation to brands is effective and social and emotional benefits from buying the brand were the cause of this behavior. In the meantime, the behaviors of compulsive buyers in relation to brands (floating among brands and listening to brands) leads to adverse consequences from a marketing point of view.

Based on results, the formation of hating feeling towards the brand causes irreparable damage to the brand, and due to the presence of social networks, these feelings can be quickly transmitted among consumers and lead to the brand's reputation damage.

The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting institutional vacuum management strategies in emerging markets. Costs from institutional gaps and multinational corporations in emerging markets need to adopt strategies to manage these gaps. On the other hand, research in this field has only examined the strategies of institutional vacuum management and less research has examined the factors affecting the adoption of these strategies. The present study has been conducted with a qualitative and exploratory approach and using a case study method based on a template. In this study, 13 international companies operating in Iran have been studied in-depth semi-structured. The results showed that the effective factors on the adoption of institutional vacuum management strategies include the type of vacuum and the consumer market (environmental factors), entry level and entry strategy (organizational factors). The findings of the present study are effective in explaining useful orientations for researchers in the field of international entrepreneurship as well as managers of companies operating in developing countries.

The purpose of this study was to design an emotional attitude model in customers' purchasing decisions in Service markets.

The approach of this study was qualitative and used the foundation data approach. The statistical population of this study includes managers, experts, physicians of public and private hospitals in Tehran, medical assistants of the university who had a managerial background in hospitals and medical tourism centers in Iran and the researcher was satisfied with 15 nterviews.

The researcher presents his research in the form of a model including six dimensions, satisfaction with the brand of the tourism center, trust in the brand therapy of the medical tourism center, diversity of medical services, marketing of medical tourism, appropriate treatment package, loyalty to the brand of the medical center, and thirty-one sub-dimensions has done.

The results show that the empowerment of experts in international patient units, the development of professional skills of the medical department, the management of medical tourism agents, the promotion of international marketing and advertising, quality and cost monitoring and management, attention to the standards of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and "International and joint national and international cooperation agreements with medical tourism stakeholders can facilitate the development of medical tourism.

In Iran, the commercialization of university research is still in its infancy stage. The purpose of present study was to identify and prioritize the effective barriers to the commercialization of research in the Islamic Azad University. This study was a qualitative research using grounded theory approach, the statistical population includes academic experts and a purposeful sampling was applied based on theoretical saturation. To collect data, two methods of study and analysis of research background and semi-structured interviews were used. Research findings showed that during the last two decades, there was a high potential for intellectual production in this university. However, the findings indicated that there are five major obstacles to increasing the commercialization of academic research. Also, the division of barriers into two groups within and outside the organization highlights the wide range of these challenges and the unwillingness of university administrators to commercialize research in the short and medium perspectives. The research findings are in line with findings in other countries regarding major barriers to the commercialization of academic research

The present research explores a practical model regarding the effect of brand association dimensions on customers' willingness to buy in chain stores.

In the qualitative part of the research, the grounded theory strategy was used to identify the main factors affecting it in the current state of the country, through individual unstructured interviews with scientific experts and specialists who were selected purposefully. necessary qualitative data were collected and qualitative data analysis was done through open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In the quantitative part, it was done by distributing a questionnaire (365 samples of customers by cluster method) in the statistical community of customers of chain stores.

The findings of the research show that In the qualitative dimension of the category "brand association creation in the mind of the customer" including the concepts of "benefits, characteristics and attitude" and 11 indicators, the category of "dimensions of brand association" includes the concepts of "brand favoritism, brand strength and brand uniqueness, brand uniqueness". and 10 indicators, the category of "customers' intention to buy" including the concepts of "behavioral intention and intention, habit, sensitivity to price and relational marketing" and 17 indicators, the category of "strategies to guide the consumer to purchase" including the concepts of "strengths in the store" , opportunities outside the store" and 18 indicators and categories "the effect of dimensions of brand association on consumer behavior (outcome)" including the concepts of "perceived risk, satisfaction, perceived trust, perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, brand loyalty and Perceived brand quality" and 28 indicators were identified and analyzed. In the quantitative aspect, the results of the data were tested in PLS3 software in the form of 7 main hypotheses and 8 sub-hypotheses, considering that the test statistic for all hypotheses is more than 1.96, therefore, all hypotheses except the main hypotheses 4 and 5 and 6 and sub-hypotheses 7 and 8 were confirmed.

"brand benefits, characteristics and attitude" have a positive effect on customers' purchase intention through the mediating variable of brand association.Also communication marketing is effective on consumer behavior through the balancing variable of strategies.

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of cultural intelligence on the task performance with the mediating role of cultural adjustment and effective communication. The research method is descriptive correlational survey. The findings of the study were based on the viewpoints of 78 non-native employees of SADERAT Bank branches in Tehran who were selected through available sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose it’s content validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling with PLS Software. The results of this study showed that the first hypothesis (the effect of cultural intelligence through mediating cross- cultural adjustment on task performance) and the third hypothesis (the effect of cross-cultural adjustment on effective communication) were confirmed and the second hypothesis (the effect of cultural intelligence through mediating effective communication on task performance) was not confirmed. Also, based on beta coefficients, it was found that the mediating effect of intercultural adaptation is weaker than the direct effect of cultural intelligence on task performance.

Due to the importance of the market and the role of norms and values ​​in controlling it, the present study examines the environments affecting the ethical norms of marketing. Emphasis has been placed on the food industry in Isfahan province. The present study, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature, is descriptive-predictive of correlational type and is among the field studies. In this research, library method has been used to prepare research literature and Delphi method based on field research and questionnaire tools have been used to collect statistical data. The research questionnaire was compiled based on the components of ethical marketing according to the Iranian Islamic culture based on environments and norms and the validity of the questionnaire by content method by experts and formally by a number of statistical population and statistical method of factor analysis. Confirmed. The reliability of the whole questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.810. The statistical population of this study included 30 members of the scientific board and marketing specialists as experts in the Delphi method and 1660 senior managers, executive managers and managers of marketing and sales of food industry in Isfahan province. The volume of the sample was estimated to be 315 according to the Cochran's formula. In the analysis of statistical data, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in SPSS, LISREL and PLS software environments. The results and findings of the data analysis showed that; The organizational environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms. The internal environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms except social norms and religious norms, and the remote environment of the organization had a significant effect on all norms except individual norms.

The concept of “mindful consumption” is among the concepts that have been discussed within the marketing literature in recent years. It concerns the concept of sustainability and proportionate consumption. Due to the importance of sustainability in today's world on the one hand and the necessity of reforming consumption patterns in the country on the other hand, as well as the fact that no exploratory study has been conducted to identify the dimensions of mindful consumption in our country so far, it is very important to study the dimensions of mindful consumption in order to make policies to create a proper consumption pattern in the country. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to explore the dimensions of conscious mental structure as one of the aspects of mindful consumption in this ecosystem. In fact, the main question of the present study is that what are the dimensions of a conscious mental structure that can lead to mindful behavior of consumers?

The present research is qualitative in nature and is conducted based on the principles of the interpretive paradigm. The present study, which seeks to contribute to the theoretical background on the concept of conscious mental structure based on qualitative data, is conducted based on Grounded theory strategy. The target population of this study includes Iranian consumers; and the sample is selected based on the purposeful sampling process. The in-depth interviews were considered as the data collection instrument and ultimately 22 interviews were conducted.

The results of the data analysis led to the identification of 22 concepts that were finally classified into 6 general categories. These 6 categories actually include the dimensions identified for conscious mental structure as one of the two aspects of mindful consumption: mental involvement with the consequences of consumption; mindfulness (awareness); self-importance; Caring for environmental issues; Caring for the interests of society; and Caring for consumer rights.

According to the results, a consumer with a conscious mind structure cares about the consequences of consumption in general, including self-importance, caring for the environment, society and consumer rights, and ultimately his/her mind would be well functioning and vigilance enough while making decisions. Perhaps the characteristics of a conscious mind structure as one of the forms of mindful consumption are characterized better through an example. Conscious mind structure is a necessary prerequisite for mindful behavior in consumption, and the characteristics of this conscious mind structure have been identified in the present study.

The present study is conducted to identify the components of the establishment of an ethical marketing system based on the Islamic-Iranian approach with emphasis on the food industry.In terms of its purpose it is a descriptive analytic type, and collects statistical data using a library methodology for research literature and Delphi method based on an expert opinion survey. In order to achieve the purpose, through an applied approach and through a survey method, a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, through the Delphi technique, which is a reliance on thought and use of expert knowledge and views and after three stages, the agreement and consensus of the Delphi group have reported on the components for the establishment of the ethical marketing system based on Islamic-Iranian approach. In order to consider the scientific and technical aspects, 30 experts in marketing system (marketing professors and experts in food industry marketing) were determined. Data analysis has been done with a mixed approach based on deep and structured studies and through content analysis. The results showed that social norms, organizational norms, green norms, individual norms, 4 ps norms and religious norms are among the requirements of establishing an ethical marketing system based on the Islamic-Iranian approach with emphasis on food industry. Standards and ethics in marketing approach is one of the most pressing issues for the review of the development and prosperity of Islamic countries. Adherence to such ethical practices can help to elevate the standards of behavior and thus of living, of traders and consumers alike. Selected key marketing issues are examined from an Islamic perspective which, it is argued, if adhered to, can help to create a value-loaded global ethical marketing framework for MNCs in general, and establish harmony and meaningful cooperation between international marketers and Muslim target markets in particular.

The aim of this study was to provide a model for beauty-based consumption in women in Tehran. The statistical population of this study was women living in Tehran who have beauty based consumption. The sample of this study included 28 women aged 18-40 years who were selected by snowball sampling method. The research has been done with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. The data were collected via interview. Coding was used as the data analysis method. The results showed that gender roles and stereotypes in the society as well as beauty ideals led to women's dissatisfaction with their body image, and dissatisfaction with the female body image led to beautification wares consumption such as cosmetic surgery, diet therapy and going to fitness clubs.

health literacy leads to gain capacities and necessary perception of health information and services to individuals, so that, they can take health decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the worker's Health literacy in one of the Iran Khodro's piece making factory in 2015.
In this cross-sectional study, 157 workers of Mehrcam Pars Company in 2015 were selected using appropriate stratified random method in each workshop. Then through simple random sampling, subjects were enrolled. Questionnaire was completed by self-reporting through workers. To collect the data, Iranian adult health literacy questionnaire (HELIA) was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS21 software.
The subjects, in terms of access to health information, 79% had poor access, 56.1% had poor reading skills. In terms of understanding, 77.1% weren’t in a good condition. In the evaluation, on average, half of those hadn’t adequate health literacy level and were not long enough (22.9% and 20.4% respectively). In the use of health information, 61.8% had insufficient levels of health literacy. Understanding and evaluating has a direct effect on the mean score of information.So that, the understanding and evaluating were the appropriate predictive to apply health information.
Overall, the health literacy was inappropriate in individuals. This issue shows the more attention to health literacy in educational and interventional programs. It is necessary for this purpose, it is necessary to design and apply comprehensive program, media, and simple and understandable educational materials.