فهرست مطالب hashemi m

Since the university is considered as an educational and training center of human resources based on modern science in every country and that its task is to train educated and specialized human resources in a wide variety of sciences and skills. It is expected that the required forces will be selected and used from among university graduates according to the type of expertise and skills required for the industry and technology used. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a strategic model to study and Analysis of factors affecting the relationship between industry and university (Case study: Islamic Azad University of Tehran).

In this research, the combined method of theme analysis- Network analysis process was used..

The research findings were obtained both quantitatively and qualitatively through interviews with 15 experts (who were university professors and industry experts) and the combined theme-process Network analysis process (ANP, using the theme analysis technique first. , A strategic model was developed to study and analyze the factors affecting the relationship between industry and university (Case study: Islamic Azad University of Tehran) and then the Network analysis process (ANP) technique was used to rank these criteria.

The data from the theme analysis led to the extraction of 26 sub-factors affecting the relationship between industry and academia, which are classified into 5 main groups or themes. Also, the output results of (ANP) method showed that among the criteria affecting the relationship between industry and academia, the criteria of industrialization of science with a score of (0.26), scientificization of industry with a score of (0.23), and politics, respectively. Scoring (0.19), rules and regulations with a score (0.18), transformation in education with a score (0.14) were ranked first to fifth, respectively.

In the original investigation entitled “Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection: Parasagittal versus Midline Approach in Patients with Unilateral Cervical Radicular Pain; A Randomized Clinical Trial.”[1] which was published in April 2019 issue of the journal, one author name has been unintentionally omitted from the final draft and the affiliations were wrongly assigned. There is an error in the author list of this article, which should be corrected as follows: “Masoud Hashemi,1 Payman Dadkhah,1 Mehrdad Taheri,1 Ebrahim Golmakani,1,2 Kasra Dehghan,1 Rouhollah Valizadeh.3”. The affiliations are also corrected as follow: “1Pain Management Fellowship, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran”. The article was corrected online.

Metabolic syndrome encompasses a series of metabolic disorders associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Currently, some studies are performed on the effects of physical activity as an alternative treatment for metabolic syndrome. To this end, the present study was set to assess the probable effects of continuous and interval aerobic trainings on metabolic syndrome among the elderly men.
60 eligible elderly men were selected and assigned to three groups of: continuous training, interval training and the control. The initial blood samples were taken to record cardiovascular risk factors. After 48 hours, the subjects in the experimental group performed pre-designed training for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week and the control group continued their daily activities. At the end of the training, further blood samples were taken again. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc and dependent t-test.
Findings of this study revealed that after six weeks of continuous aerobic exercise training, systolic blood pressure, blood sugar and triglycerides significantly decreased. However, waist circumference and HDL did not show any significant change. The findings of this study showed significant changes in blood sugar, triglycerides and HDL in the interval training group. However, blood pressure and waist circumference did not indicate any significant changes.
According to the findings of this research, it can be asserted that both methods of aerobic training positively affect blood glucose and triglyceride signifying that interval aerobic exercise plays a major role in increasing HDL, while continuous aerobic exercise reduces systolic blood pressure.

Poor control of postoperative acute pain will result in various acute and chronic complications. Nowadays, a multimodal approach is used to control post-operative pain. Pregabalin and gabapentin have been shown to have analgesic effects on postoperative pain as a Gaba-Amino-Buteric Acid (GABA) analogue with minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of pregabalin with that of gabapentin in the prevention of postoperative pain in patients undergoing tibia fixation surgery. Sixty patients, candidate for tibia fixation surgery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned into two groups. For the intervention group(P), 150 mg oral pregabalin one hour before surgery and for the intervention group(G)300 mg oral gabapentin were prescribed two hours before surgery .Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, opioid consumption, nausea, vomiting and vertigo were evaluated in a 12 hour period after surgery. If pain score (VAS) was more than three, intravenous morphin (0.1 mg/kg) was administered .Chi-Square and repeated measurement and t- tests were used for statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups, regarding pain, nausea, vomiting and vertigo in measurement point times (p>0.05). However, it was found that VAS score in the two groups decreased during 12 hours postoperatively but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.22, F=1.5). Administration of a single dose of pregabalin orally (150 mg) or gabapentin (300 mg) before orthopedic surgery reduced post operative pain, opioid consumption and consequently the rate of nausea and vomiting.

The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal effect and antioxidant property of Salvia officinalis, Mentha piperita and Mentha Longifolia. At first, chemical analysis of essential oils was determined using GC/MS. Then the antibacterial and antifungal effect of tested essential oils on L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli and two fungal strains including A. niger and A. flavus were determined using disk diffusion agar and broth microdilution methods. The antioxidant property of essential oils was evaluated using DPPH assay. Linalool (14.38%), l. menthone (19.03%) and δ-terpinene (21.78%) were the major components of Salvia officinalis, Mentha piperita and Mentha Longifolia, respectively. all tested essential oils had antibacterial effect on foodborne pathogens, which was comparable with tetracycline’s effect. In addition, all essences had appropriate antioxidant potential compared with BHT. based on the results, Salvia officinalis, Mentha piperita and Mentha Longifolia can be introduced as appropriate natural preservatives.

Replacing a part of fat and sugar in ice-cream by inulin and lactulose as prebiotic may create a healthier product. Two low-fat and two low-sugar synbiotic ice-cream samples were manufactured inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bacillus coagulans. The physicochemical, textural and sensorial characteristics of the samples were compared with regular ice-cream as control. Low-fat and low-sugar synbiotic ice-cream formulations were prepared by replacing 5% of the fat and sugar contents of the control formula by inulin and lactulose, respectively. According to the results, although the total solids of the ice-cream mixes did not differ significantly, there were significant (p<0.05) differences among fat and sugar contents. By replacing vegetable fat with inulin in low-fat synbiotic ice-creams, overrun, viscosity, hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness were increased significantly (p < 0.05). Replacing lactulose by sugar significantly (p<0.05) decrease the hardness. After 5 days of frozen storage, the taste score of synbiotic ice creams was significantly (p<0.05) lower than control group. However after 90 days of storage, sensory scores of treated and control samples were comparable. It was shown that the type of probiotic microorganism had no effect on studied characteristics. Low-fat or low-sugar synbiotic ice-creams can be produced in small scale because they had acceptable physicochemical, textural and sensorial characteristics; however it needs more studies to recommend for commercial production.

Todays in global world, investigating people's behavior, specially their healthy behavior and life style is necessary. Healthy lifestyle is related to patterns of behavior and ensuring effective public health.This study aimed to investigate the dimensions of Health-Based life style in Shushtar residents.This research is a cross sectional study. The samples of the study were 321 people of 15 to 64 years old from Shushtar residents who were selected by staging random sampling based on different regions of the city. Data were collected by interview and completing questionnaire. Validity of the instrument was conducted by content validity. the reability of instrument is acceptable. In order to analyze data, SPSS 18 Software and descriptive and Inferential statistics tests such as Pearson correlation test, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan were used. the results showed that subjects lifestyle at 30.2, 43.3 and 26.5 percent of samples were unfavorable, average and favorable respectively. there was positive significant correlation between age, level of education and height with health-oriented lifestyle, there was negative significant correlation between weight and number of family members with health-oriented lifestyle. Nutrition dimension of health oriented lifestyle was improved by increasing age, educational level and height, whereas the number of family members and gain weight decreased nutrition dimension. health-oriented lifestyle was improved by increasing age, education and height and decreased by increasing weight and number of family members.

Childhood Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes both medical and public health challenges. Infants who acquire HBV parentally have up to 90% risk of developing chronic HBV infection. It is now estimated that approximately 10% of worldwide cancers are attributable to viral infection, with the vast majority (>85 %) occurring in the developing world. In this distribution, elevated rate and prevalence of HBV marker have been found in patients with malignancies as compared to the general population. By reviewing the web-based search for all Persian and English types of scientific peer review published articles initiated using Iran Medex, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL and other pertinent references on websites about HBV and HCV blood disorders. The high prevalence of HBV and HCV infective markers was detected in patients with different malignancies. Moreover, identification of high prevalence of HBV infective markers in leukemia patients proposed strong association between hepatitis viral infections and leukemia.

Milk is considered as a complete food to meet parts of human daily requirements for a long time. Proteins are one of the most important ingredients of milk and play a critical role in processing technology such as cheese factory. Several factors such as genetics influence on quantity and quality of milk as well as cheese. Several genes on BTA6 are recognized to be related to milk and cheese related traits. In the current study the genetic association of three candidate genes of the region including; Osteopontin, PPARGC1α, and Kappa casein with milk and cheese related traits, were investigated in Brown Swiss cattle. Total DNA was extracted from 100 cattle by salting out procedure. Genotypes frequencies were estimated by PCR-RFLP and using specific enzymes. Four factors of efficiency fat, protein and dry matter of cheese were measured. Association between polymorphisms and breeding values and cheese quality were analyzed by GLM procedure at 5% of significant level. The results showed that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except Kappa Casein locus. Significant effect was observed only in combined genotype of PPARGC1A-T19C and kappa casein with breeding values of milk production. Because of the limited samples or missing of some haplotypes, genotypes had no effect on cheese production. The increasing of the samples to demonstrate other genetic combination and using modern techniques such as dense SNPs are strongly recommended.

depression is one of the disorders that occur in health care workers due to exposure to stressors such as the death of patients and can lead to impaired job performance, social relationships and interpersonal relationships. With respect to importance of depression and efficiency of staff at the hospital, this study aimed to compare the prevalence of depression in psychiatric staff with the staff in other sections of Imam Reza in BOJNURD. The population consists of hospitals staff (N=126) other than administrative Section and specialized clinic. Staffs were asked to fill out Beck Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Results showed that there is no significant differences in depression scores between different parts (P =0.2).93 of the participants had Minor depression (73.8%).18 of staffs had mild depression (3.14%), 9 had moderate depression (1.7%)and 6 staffs suffered from major depression(4.8%). the results showed that there is no significant difference in depression between staffs of different parts.

Hemodialysis is the most common form of renal replacement therapy, the patient may Several uremia. inadequacy numerous complications is the most common psychological problems in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine the association between dialysis adequacy and depression in hemodialysis patients In this cross-sectional study of 46 patients undergoing dialysis, hospital dialysis ward of Imam Khomeini (RA) Shirvan city Were referred The sample selected and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory and dialysis adequacy V / KT and URR were evaluated To achieve the study objectives 15SPSS all the calculations in statistical software using descriptive and chi-square test was performed. 39/2% of patients with depression were in the range of 34/2% of patients had optimal dialysis adequacy There was an inverse association between dialysis adequacy and depression It seems that in this study those with no depression or a depressive low favorable dialysis adequacy were And in the study with larger sample size is recommended.

Nurses as the chief members of supervision-treatment team have an important role on improving and enhancing the health of the society. Stress is a known component in nursery. Applying compatibility methods will be essential when meeting tensional factors. This study aims at considering the relationship between job stresses with coping strategies on nurse staffs in educational hospitals of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences This is an analytical- descriptive study of correlation. 154 nurse staff-related hospitals- of north Khorasan’s medical-science University participated in this study. Data collecting tool was questionnaire composed of three parts: personal-job specifications, rate of job stresses and coping strategies. The job stress questionnaire is a researcher- made one, adopted from Cooperz’, Salimi’(1996) and Schtienmenz’. Lazaros and Fokman questionnaire was used to assess coping strategy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and presented with ANOVA, t- test and multi-regression. The study showed that the job stresses encountering ways have a significant negative correlation with confronting and escape – avoidance mechanism P<0/001. In 29.2 percent of the studied samples there was a little job stress (P<0/001). The prevailed method of applying coping strategies method was the way of seeking social support (P<0/001) confirmative coping (P<0/001) and self-continence(P<0/00) were the predicting factors of job stress controlling. Findings of this study could be utilized to plan programs to decrease tension factors and to increase the nurses’ compatibilities. Besides, it could be considered as a motivation for other studies in nursing related disciplines and also cognition of nurses’ problems and difficulties.

This study was conducted to investigate a possible association between H. pylori infection and CSR. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infections worldwide. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSR) is a serious macular detachment that usually affects young people. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is still not completely understood. Patients and A prospective study was performed and we evaluated a total of 35 CSR patients and control group of138 patients who referred to gastroenterology research center of Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Central serous chorioretinopathy was diagnosed on the basis of findings in ophthalmic examinations and confirmed by fluoresce in angiogram. All patients underwent a 13C-urea breath test (UBT) to detect H. pylori infection. Patients were defined as H. pylori infected, if breath test was positive. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was8.3± 2.5 days. Overall, no statistically significant difference was found between left and right eyes, bilateral CSR was observed in 5 patients (14.2%).The incidence of H. pylori infection was 85.7% in CSR patients and 55.1% in control subjects (p=0.001). Odd’s ratio was 4.895. These results indicate that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is significantly higher in patients with CSR than in controls. No effect of age or sex was seen on H.pylori test results. Further multiple centers, randomized, case control trials are necessary to confirm the potential contributory role of the H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of CSR as a possible association between infectious agents and endothelial dysfunction.

Aflatoxins are among the secondary metabolites of moulds that have the most toxicity between the mycotoxins. Different physical, chemical and biological approaches have been evaluated to detoxify the aflatoxins. One of the biological methods to detoxify the aflatoxin is using beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria to remove the toxin. A lot of studies believed that physical attachment of lactobacilli to mutagens and removing them is the main protection factor. In this study the potential of some of lactobacilli that have been isolated from traditional dairy products to absorb and remove aflatoxin B1 was investigated through ELISA and HPLC methods. The results obtained from screening the lactobacilli through ELISA method indicated the difference potential of lactobacilli in detoxification of aflatoxin B1. Comparison the results of ELISA and HPLC methods obtained point out that ELISA as a rapid and easy method is a suitable approach in initial screening of isolates with potential of aflatoxin B1 detoxification but for next steps more sensitive methods such as HPLC should be used. Complementary in vitro and in vivo studies could lead to introduce Iranian native isolates that have potential to apply in related industries. Such isolates could be used in food and feed industries to detoxify the aflatoxin B1.

The speed of the offered services in treatment centers, especially emergency, has a great importance in reducing mortality rate. If treatment process takes a long time in emergency units, it shows there is no discipline in general planning, practical instruction and hospitals current affairs. This study was done based on the importance of this issue with the aim of increasing speed of servicing in educational hospitals of north Khorasan University of Medical Sciences In 2011 This descriptive study was conducted in a period of one month. 1066 standard forms were selected by proportional stratified random sampling in emergency unit services and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software 15 and presented with one-way ANOVA. the findings of the study in five hospitals revealed that the average spent time of each item was as follow: patient entrance to physician office: 6 min, the average time for first treatment act: 5 min, the average time for lab testing till result 77 min, radiology and the result 7 min, CT scan 24 min, and the time of ECG 3 min All under studied cases had a good servicing rate but the result for tests had a little difference with international and country standards. Based on the importance of indices in making decision for releasing patients from hospitals, it is recommend adopting strategies in hospital management to reduce offered services intervals

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease with a wide clinical spectrum in tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of this study was to assess the PCR-RFLP method using two primers، ITSRL and L5. 8S compared with direct microscopy and NNN culture methods for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasisis.

In this study among CL suspected patients، 60 patients with positive LST were selected and three samples were taken from each. To detect CL via direct microscopy، NNN culture and PCR-RFLP methods.

The results showed that 60%، 62% and 91% of specimens from suspected cases were positive using direct microscopy، NNN culture،and. PCR RFLP methods respectively.

Due to high sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP method for detection and speciation of etiologic agent of CL، to establish an accurate and rapid method for detection of Leishmania parasites in medical centers، it is suggested the method is utilized along with NNN culture and direct microscopy.

New food products from the production side of the cheese factory are very important in the food industry. By the same Lore or Lorek a product derived from Whey, which in some areas of Kurdistan and Azerbaijan, Iran is producing. This product features due to the presence of high level of nutrients substances and it processing very susceptible to contamination with pathogenic and oxygenic microorganisms. Purpose of this study was to the evaluation inhibitory effects of monolurine and EDTA alone and in combination treatments on Escherichia coli andSalmonella typhimurium in Lorek. Pathgenic bacteria E.cloi and S.typhimurium (1/5×106 CFU/g) inoculated to lorek after it made from whey, and tend monolurine and EDTA were added to it. This product was held for tree weeks at 4 °. Antibacterial activity of these components against E.cloi and S.typhimurium on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days were evaluated using a specific culture. Monolurine alone was not inhibited the growth of E.coli and but a good antimicrobial activity against this bacteria whit EDTA (P <0.05). However combination with EDTA Antimicrobial activity of monolurine against S.typhimurium was desirable so that alone has prevented the growth of these bacteria. The impact of the over time on antimicrobial function Monolurine against both pathogenic bacterial used in this study is significant (P <0.05). Considering the appropriated antimicrobial activity of monolurine, this inhibitore with EDTA used for reducing risks of contamination, inhibition of growth, pathogenicity and toxicity from gram negative bacteria in food product.

In this study, the antibacterial effect of essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated in culture media and Iranian white cheese. The tarragon essential oil (EO) obtained by the steam distillation method and its antibacterial activity was evaluated in 96-well microtiter plates containing brain heart infusion broth. The enumeration of S. aureus and E. coli in cheese samples were carried out on the following media: Baired parker agar for S.aureus, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h; and MacConkey sorbitol agar for E. coli, incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Iranian white cheese was produced from fresh and whole pasteurized cow milk (2.5%). Bacteria (103 cfu/mL) were inoculated to different batches. Cheese was treated with different concentrations of EO (15 and 1500 μg/mL) and separated into four parts in an equal manner. The sensory evaluation was done by a panel of four judges. According to the results obtained, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. coli and S. aureus were 2500 and 1250 μg/mL, respectively. Also, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the mentioned microorganisms were 5000 and 2500 μg/mL, respectively. All the EO concentrations for each bacteria result in reducing bacterial count of cheese samples compared to control (P < 0.05). Also, with increasing concentration of EO in cheese samples, the bacterial count was reduced further (P < 0.05). Based on our findings, tarragon essential oil has antibacterial effect on two important pathogen bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) and can be applied as a preservative in foods such as cheese.

Consumer's awareness about the nutritional profile of their diets has made the industry to respond their needs seriously. In this study, response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of three fat replacers and two sweeteners on sensory attributes and viscosity of low- calorie pistachio butter. Balangu seed extract (BSG) (0.01-0.04), Reihan seed gum (RSG) (0.01-0.023), xanthan (0.06-0.1), isomalt (0-1) and sucrose (0.25-1) were the levels investigated. A central composite design was used to develop models for the responses. The optimum levels of ingredients according to the target values were as follows: xanthan (0.1%), isomalt: pistachio paste ratio (0.81), sucrose: pistachio paste ratio (0.71) for formulas prepared using xanthan gum; Balangu seed extract (0.034%), isomalt: pistachio paste ratio (1) and sucrose: pistachio paste ratio (0.25) for products containing Balangu seed extract; and RSG (0.023%), isomalt: pistachio paste ratio (0.333) and sucrose: pistachio paste ratio (1.0) for formulas prepared by RSG.

Aflatoxins are the most important carcinogenic fungal mycotoxins. Aflatoxin M1 transfer to human by consumption of contaminated milk and other dairy products. Nowdays biological methods are concern as a way to eliminate and reduce mycotoxins. One of this methods is by using specific lactic acid bacteria that have an ability of binding to aflatoxins and inhibition of toxin. Methods of research: Ten Lactobacillus spp. isolated from our local yogurt are examed for their ability to bind to aflatoxin M1 in PBS containing 20 ng/ml for 2 h at 37°C by HPLC method. After that, the best strain was selected and for different hours 0, 4 and 24 were examed for its ability to reduce aflatoxin by HPLC. Then heat treatment were done for cells and after 0,4 and 24 h, HPLC tests were done. The binding abilities of Lactobacillus strains ranged from 47.65% to 51.85%.The Y2L5 strain that isolated from Khik yogurt showed the most binding ability (51.26%).Incubation periods had significant effect on the removal of AFM1 by viable cells ranged from 60.76% to 49/9. Reduction of aflatoxin in different periods for heat-killed cells ranged from 51.6% to 57.65%. The results showed that Iranian native Lactobacillus have good potential to reduce aflatoxin. The different incubation periods for removal of aflatoxin have a significant effects for viable bacterial cells but have no significant effects for dead cells

Intra-hippocampal CA1 injections of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor and NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on morphine-induced antinociception in rat formalin test were investigated. To induce inflammation pain, male Wistar rats received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of formalin (50 μl at 2.5%) once prior to testing. Morphine (3-9 mg/kg) was injected intraperituneally (i.p.) 10 min before injection of formalin. Present study show that pre-administration (5 min) of L-arginine (0.15, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 μg/rat), but not L-NAME (0.15, 0.3 and 1.0 μg/rat) to the administration of formalin, during testing at the early phase reversed morphineinduced response. But at the late phase both agent's injections caused a significant effect. The response to L-arginine was blocked by L-NAME pre-administration. On the other hand, L-arginine or L-NAME by itself did induce pain behavior at the late phase. According to data interactions between morphine and L-arginine was statistically significant. Based on the finding, NO in the rat hippocampal CA1 area is involved in morphine-induced antinociception.

Microbial, physical and chemical properties of drinking water, considering type and quantity of the drinking water, are the factors for determining the acceptability of water. The effect of each of the above components on increasing the quality of water or threatening the health of consumers is also considerable. We aimed to investigate the trace amounts of microbial, physical and chemical parameters of drinking water in Gorgan, comparing to national and international standard. In this cross sectional study, 50 samples were taken, per month, from four pilot stations in urban water network of Gorgan during one year (2009- 2010). We used instant sampling and performed Enumeration of Coliforms in water culture with multi-tube method (MPN). Samples taken from the stations during the month were investigated in two general categories of device test and heading-meter. All experiments were performed using standard reference method. of 598 water samples 551 (92.2%) have not Coliforms, 47 (7.8%) contain Coliforms and 16 (2.7%) of them have Thermo-tolerant Coliforms. Mean water hardness is 413mg/L, base on carbonate calcium. The amount of fluoride about 0.35 mg and the residual chlorine about 0.6 mg is less than national standard amount. The results show that Gorgan water network is, in view of microbial contamination, safe during almost all days. All the tested samples in terms of physical and chemical parameters are in the range of nation and international standards. Hardness of drinking water of Gorgan is one of the highest.

Low- calorie pistachio butter is a novel food product which in its original form contains pistachio, sweetener and flavor improver. The viscous flow properties of low- calorie pistachio butter, as a novel food product, was studied by response surface methodology (RSM). The flow behavior of 42 formulas was assessed using Power law, Casson, Bingham and Herschel- Bulkley models. The Herschel-Bulkley model gave negative values for yield stress which has no physical meaning. The effects of three fat replacers (Balangu seed gum, Reihan seed gum, xanthan) and two sweeteners (isomalt and sucrose) on the rheological parameters of these models were investigated. All the samples showed a shear thinning behavior. The magnitudes of consistency coefficients and flow behavior indices in Power law model, the Casson yield stress and Casson viscosity and the Bingham yield stress and Bingham viscosity were 32.743- 388.645 Pa.sn and 0.106- 0.515, 42.306- 282.319 Pa and 0.477- 1.440 Pa.s and 94.599- 357.058 Pa and 1.042- 3.736 Pa.s, respectively.

Infertility has several adverse effects on body, psychological and social aspects of women. Otherwise, body image could be a predictor of different behaviors including sexual behavior. Thus, in the present study we aimed to assess the association between body image with sexual function and marital adjustment in fertile and infertile women. One-hundred and thirty fertile and 130 infertile women were enrolled in this study. Statistical analysis was performed by using AMOS 18 with structural equation modeling. In fertile women, the strongest path coefficient was related with the effect of body image on general health, while in infertile women, the strongest path coefficient was associated with the effect of body image on sexual function. In both occupying and non-occupying women the strongest path coefficient was related with the effect of body image on general health. In those infertile women who had the supports of their partners, the strongest path coefficient was associated with the effect of body image on sexual function, and in those infertile women who had not the supports of their partners; the strongest path coefficient belonged to the effect of sexual function on marital adjustment. Based on our results, it seems that using structural equation modeling in evaluating and recognition of direct, indirect and total effects of the similar model is absolutely necessary and can be a good alternative method instead of regression.

Mastitis continues to be one of the economically most important diseases in dairy farming. Forty-six licensed dairy farms in the central region of Fars province were randomly selected in order to participate in a seasonal prevalence study. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine prevalence at cow and quarter level based on clinical signs for clinical mastitis and indirect tests for subclinical mastitis. 6180 quarters from 1545 dairy cows were tested by clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples from both clinical and subclinical quarters were collected for bacteriological culture. 4714 (76. 28%) quarters were healthy، 1335 (21. 6%) quarters were positive by results of CMT (as indicated to subclinical mastitis)، 44 (0. 71%) quarters showed clinical mastitis signs and 87 (1. 41%) quarters were blind. The clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence at cow level was 2. 2 and 42. 5%، respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mastitis between different quarters، seasons and cities. The most prevalent isolated bacteria were coagulase positive staphylococci followed by Streptococci، Escherichia coli and coagulase negative staphylococci. Insufficient control measures such as pre and post milking hygiene and dry cow therapy in dairy farms and limited knowledge of farmers on the importance، identification and control of mastitis، especially subclinical forms، can be the main causes for the high prevalence of mastitis in Fars province