فهرست مطالب hassan abniki

Power transmission lines are vital components of today's power systems. These power lines transmit the electricity produced in power plants in high volume and with very low losses to distant areas so that it can be reached to consumer through distribution networks. In fact, these lines are the intermediary between major energy producers and distribution networks. Accordingly, these transmission lines are of a great importance and must be protected appropriately with a suitable protection system. Distance relays are widely used to protect these lines due to their convenient coordination characteristics and simplicity. High impedance fault (HIF) can be a critical challenge for distance relays due to their low current amplitude and similarity to conventional events in power systems such as capacitive bank switching. For this reason, in this paper a new approach is presented based on the instantaneous frequency variations obtained from the current RMS in order to detect the high impedance fault. This method detects high impedance faults via calculating a Detection index (DI) and considering a threshold value. The proposed method has been tested using DIgSILENT and MATLAB software in an IEEE standard 39-bus network. The presented results evidently demonstrate that the proposed method is suitable for detecting HIF and Low impedance fault (LIF). In addition, this method has a proper performance during capacitor bank switching and can well distinguish between HIF and capacitive bank switching. Moreover, the presented method is resistant to noise and also is capable to detect the faulty phase.

In recent years, climate change and increasing occurrence rate of high-impact rare (HR) natural events such as hurricanes have made it difficult to supply uninterrupted power to end-user customers. The extensive geographic area of electric distribution networks, as the last ring of the energy supply chain in power systems, has increased the vulnerability of these networks against natural events. Thus, distribution companies are inevitably inclined to implement some measures to improve the resilience of the associated network. Considering budget limitations, adopting optimal measures among a set of candidate solutions is a major challenge for distribution networks. A new method is presented in this paper to prioritize the resilience enhancement measures for distribution networks. In this regard, a set of candidate measures is first defined so as to improve the resilience of the distribution network against an HR event. Then, the candidate measures are ranked by the benefit to cost ratio (BCR) index which is calculated by dividing the relative resilience improvement to relative implementation cost for each measure. The proposed method was examined on the IEEE 33-bus test distribution network using MATLAB software. Numerical results verified the efficacy of the proposed method.

The role of the media in how the war is portrayed is important. This importance is compounded by the intersection of the role of the international media in international wars and in the context of postmodernism. Because the media is a buffer between the audience and the field of events. Jean Baudrillard is a leading theorist in this field and refers to it as hyperreality. Accordingly, this article seeks to answer this key question: How can the performance of the media on the eve of the US military invasion of Iraq be explained in light of Baudrillard's postmodern approach? In response to this question, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. According to the research results, in the postmodernist approach, political realities such as war are considered as something constructed, so that this reality develops according to different circumstances and the media becomes very important as an arena for representing political reality. Accordingly, US actions in both the pre- and post-war periods have been evaluated. Pre-war US psychological actions include depicting and magnifying the Iraq threat, mobilizing hatred against the enemy (Iraq), conducting propaganda-psychological warfare against Iraq, and engaging public opinion with symbolic action. US psychological and propaganda operations during the war include the quantity and quality of forces and weapons on both sides, the goals of military leadership on both sides, and the surprise.

This research addresses one of the key concepts in social psychology and sociology, namely friendship, and draws it into the field of political thought. Because believes that the founda-tion of social unity is politics of friendship, Unity which is also considered by various polit-ical thinkers. In political thought, politics of friendship is necessary for any political action, because politics is not the cause of contradiction of interests, but a part of human social life for achieving well-being and prosperity through social solidarity, which ultimately ends up in a good government. But the question is: how politics of friendship in the sphere and his-tory of political thought leads to a good government? Or, in other words, what is the relation between politics of friendship and good government? The present article, in answer to the above question, suggests that, in political thought, friendship brings a path to self-centrism and ethnocentrism, and leading to something called "politics of friendship", which is equal to the rule of law; In that friendship between humans, the emergence of security, the inter-dependence between them, along with the existence of the element of justice is one of the main elements. We intend to examine it through a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the approach of the history of political thought.

One of the most important concerns that have occupied the minds of Iranian intellectuals and thinkers for many years before the Constitution is the way "us" deal with the "other"; An important issue that became more important in the 1960s and 1970s, especially in the form of "Iranian identity" and "returning to self"; So that many writers such as Jalal AlAhmad, Shariati, Fardid and Nasr addressed this issue in their works. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to examine the question of what epistemological system can be understood by the confrontation of "us" with the "other" in Shariati political thought. To this end, in order to understand and interpret this question, we tried to test this hypothesis by dissecting the propositions in Bakhtin's theory; That Ali Shariati's approach to the issue of "us" confronting the "other", despite his efforts to understand the "other" and identify the "other", eventually led to the strengthening of a monologue; The possibility of a favorable encounter with the "other" and, more precisely, "dialogue with the other" was realized in a very weak and fragile way.

The confrontation of “us” against “others” is one of the paramount mind-challenging issues for Iranian intellectuals and scholars for many years before the Iranian Constitution. The present dissertation aims to address the issue concerning how the “collective self” or our perception of being “side by side” or “against the others” is conceived from Mikhail Bakhtin’s viewpoint. To this end, it was attempted to analyze the hypotheses contained in Bakhtin’s thought system to understand and interpret the qualities of our interactions with others. Accordingly, Chantal Mouffe’s approach toward statesmanship was employed to examine the hypothesis of confrontation manner between “us” against “the others” regarding the identity and development discourse. This discourse has been improved during the contemporary period despite the efforts of intellectuals and politicians of the era in terms of understanding and recognizing the other (as in modernity). Eventually, it led to the strengthening of monologue-hostile discourse by the regimes, and dialogue with “the others” was realized in an inadequate and fragile manner during some periods. It appears that the concept of Bakhtinian dialogism along with Mouffe’s political language can be interpreted and employed to block dialogue in today’s Iranian society concerning the aspects of this confrontation

Nowadays, in the electric power industry, optimal and effective design and operation of gas and electricity networks are tightly related together. In cooperative operation of the electricity and gas industry, one of the main goals is the coordination of the electricity and gas network to achieve minimum operation cost. In this research, the centralized operation of electricity and gas networks is modeled on a real case study in Khorasan province. This modeling is from the point of view of a central coordinator, seeks to minimize the total operation cost of electricity and gas networks while taking into account the technical constraints. Decomposition methods based on ATC and ADMM methods is accomplished to preserve the privacy of gas and electricity networks. Gas consumption in gas and electricity networks is compared using different methods including ADMM, ATC and centralized methods wherein fuel cost is supposed to be $ 3.5 per million BTUs. Different load and fuel scenarios have also been investigated.

The main purpose of this research is to explain the role of globalization on the relation-ship between the sovereignty of the country and the identity of the Turkmens. This re-search is a developmental and applied goal and is qualitatively based on the nature of the research. The statistical community in the qualitative section is a social sciences and political scientist. Experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowflake sam-pling which, according to the adequacy of the data, was interviewed in total with 20 ex-perts. The analysis method was the theme analysis based on Clarke and Bron's approach (2006). The data gathered through an in-depth interviewing. The results indicate that the recognition of the existing gap in the society has been identified in the context of the effect of globalization on the capacities of the Turkmens, the criteria for the formation of the virtual ethnic communities, the collective identification of the Turkmens, the de-velopment of the inside ethnic Turkmen interaction, the recognition of the rights of the Turkmens. In the area of solutions to the emergence of national sovereignty, globaliza-tion problems including cultural and social, and political strategies, economic, and legal solutions were identified.

The first half of the twentieth century, the disappointments emerged due to the collapse of Christian values as well as the ideal of progress in Europe, which led to a rethinking of the foundations of the Modern age and its relation to the Christian Middle ages. These efforts put the issue at the core of the debate, known as 'Secularization'. About the relation of the Modern age and the Middle ages through the secularization, there are two bases: 'Continuity and Discontinuity', and two important theories about it are theories that, in opposition to each other, the Modern age is 'Secularization of Eschatology' or 'Secularization by Eschatology'. The prominent representatives of these two theories are Karl Löwith and Hans Blumenberg. Accordingly, in this article, by categorizing different positions on the secularization category, we identify Löwith and Blumenberg's positions within this category, then, analyze the arguments of Löwith and Blumenberg.

The present article aims to examine Isaiah Berlin's views and ideas, and gives answers to the questions of how political goodness is linked to the concept of negative liberty in Berlin's thought,  and how his view of political goodness has formed his critique looking toward the political system of the Soviet Union. Political goodness in Berlin's thought seems to be multiplied, and from the pluralist perspective  links to the notion of negative freedom, which means the choice among values by the humans. Berlin believes that political goodness belongs to certain cultural and social contexts and criticize it for the fact that the Russian Communism has a monistic view of political truths in society. In other words (Namely), it can be said that negative liberty as a restriction of decision-making and human selection, is the most important and central element of the political goodness,  and without it, other goodness cannot be raised considerably. According to Isaiah Berlin's pluralistic view, we find that the ruling party in the Soviet political system, based on Marxist ideology, is a monotonous and monistic party that did not allow growth and presence of other political ideas.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of the virtual news networks on political partic-ipation of Iranians in parliamentary election on 26 February 2016. The method of this paper is descriptive. The statistical population is political students of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, in undergraduate and postgraduate level in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample size was 148 students who are selected by cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data. In this paper, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normal distribution of the main variables. Spss22 software was used to analyze the statistical data. The results indicate that virtual news networks can directly affect the evaluation of the individual, which is conducted by his relatives. Furthermore providing the facilities for virtual electoral activity affects voting behavior of students of political sciences from Tehran University, South branch.

Globalization is one of the most important developments of the late twentieth century, which is continued intensively in the twenty first century. Due to the complexity and multifaceted terms of the subject matter and level of analysis, there has been multiple and even contradictory definition for it. One of the most significant debates in the field of globalization is whether globalization leads to justice at the global level in general and at the context and inner part of the countries in particular or vice versa will expand injustice and makes crisis of legitimacy and efficiency throughout the countries. Justice is a key concept, which is defined in every country according to its different school of thoughts. To explain justice in the Islamic Republic of Iran, an overview of the country's economic development and orientation programs is essential. In this paper, the authors have studied the country's economic development programs, the results of these programs, and the role of justice in the formulation of them, and finally have described the relationship between globalization, justice, and economic development in the country.

Nowadays, organizations in high level of active interaction and communication toward citizens , use social capital as a kind of valuable possessing inorder to promote their own abilities and capabilities. Social capital is considered as important subjects in organizations such as police which have daily interactions toward society. Meanwhile within high importance of the subject . There isnt any clear theoretical definition of social capital yet and empirical actions couldnt often show a good definition of the concept. Therefor The present research is trying to answer the question: what is police social capital? What are its aspects? in this research extra organization aspect of police social capital is considered and in order to answer the above questions. They have tried to present a clear image and definition of police social capital using qualitative procedure and analysis of available aspects about police social capital. According to research findings, police social capital is a complex of capacities, capabilities and police social source such as people reliance on police, people participation with police, authority, acceptability legitimacy popularity and dignity of police in a manner that enjoyment of these sources leads to production and reproduction of order and security in society and caring society values. This capital is measured with aspects of people "trust to police", "people participation with police", "police authority", "legitimacy and acceptibilty of police(by people)" and social popularity and dignity of police.

Ethical tenets and political systems are one of the most controversial terminologies in philos o- phy of ethics and political thought. That is why thinkers based upon their intellectual standpoint have reached different inferences and definitions and elaborated various aspects of it  accordin g- ly. Shariati similar to his preceding thinkers made the creation of ethical pol itical system one of his primary goals and in attaining that goal made great efforts and suffered many difficulties so as to be able to express what he was thought. He was trying to promote a desired political sy s-tem in conflation with religion and logic. The main question is that what the relation between liberty and justice in his desired political system is like? Shariati perceives his desired system in the correlation between these two concepts. In fact he regards justice as a breeding ground for freedom and portrays this correlation as a mutual one.

The crisis is the one of crucial concepts in political and social science and all of the states confront with it somehow. The states should test different strategies for solving the crisis. Because, unfamiliarity with the crisis can confront the state with different institutional and non-institutional problems and make their legitimacy and efficiency unstable. Islamic Republic of Iran is one of these states and we want to survey globalization’s critical effect on its efficiency with reference to penetration’s crisis in this research. In fact, we tend to explain how globalization can produce penetration’s crisis in Islamic Republic of Iran. The used method is descriptive-analytical and used for the clarification of the problem from institutionalism view point.

Political novel is one of the kinds of Persian Literature with special factors, which are different from other contemporary story writing styles.  These types of stories are more accommodated with critical discourse analysis (CDA) among other methods of novel analyses compared to other types, because of their specificity and unique quality of and their close relations with society and political events. One of the approaches used in surveying these types of stories is the use of the framework of text and met text with the best and the most effective approach, i.e. that of Norman Fairclough who surveys a text in three levels of description, interpretation, and exploration. It has to be mentioned that the novel of “Unsecured Existence” written by Afshin-e Khorram is one of the political novels written after the Islamic Revolution.  The writer tries to survey, interpret, and criticize the main and influential political events of Iran with emphasis on the psychological issues of the characters on the basis of CDA and to present the projected elements like semiotics of the elements like, Subject, Pictures and Descriptions of the characters of the story, the Narration procedure, Plot, and the Theme of the story.

The pattern of governance is a new topic which has found its traces in urban management, and has the features of continuance, decision making, justice, efficiency, effectiveness, clarity, accountability, partnership, and immunity, all of which are interdependent and empowering. According to this pattern, decisions about civil affairs are taken with the cooperation of government, private sectors and civil society. The present study focuses on the dimensions of participation in the good governance, and tries to measure the status of the 6th region of Tehran, in this regard, through a questionnaire.

For some time hermeneutics has been posed as a competitor for positivism in the field of cognitive and human sciences and has almost prevailed.The field of literature and interpretation of literary texts is one of the fields this branch has influenced.The aim of this article is to examine this subject, coin the term "Literary Hermeneutics" and explain how to apply it for interpreting literary texts,especially novels.To do that,we first define hermeneutics and then literary hermeneutics and its different circles and in the conclusion mention the obligations resulting from selecting each of these circles for interpretation.