hassan ahadi

The Covid-19 pandemic indicated that our biological characteristics alone are not enough to deal with diseases. Resilience refers to the dynamic process of positive adaptation to unpleasant and unfortunate experiences which reflects our ability to control the situation and manipulate the situation optimally. This capability includes internal dimensions, the role of experiences and mental patterns, and external dimensions including the coordinates or community's efforts in mastering challenges. However, studies only focus on the concept of social resilience as an external dimension, and the role of culture as an independent component of identity has been ignored. In this review, the need to conceptualize cultural resilience has been put on the agenda.  In fact, the capabilities that culture provides through the various components that enable us to have the ability to adapt, change conditions, and improve performance in critical situations are studied.

This was a review of the literature. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID databases were investigated using the keywords resilience, community, culture, and hardness in Persian and English papers from 1990 to 2018. The articles were evaluated in multiple stages and finally 32 papers were analyzed.

As a result, we conceptualized that cultural resilience could include the following components: belongingness and rootedness, trust, commitment, sense of pride, and attachment.

Cultural resilience can be considered as the ability to adapt and deal with a crisis with the help of historical styles, myths, customs, and cultural beliefs.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design. The statistical population of the research included mothers with exceptional children whose children were studying in one of the exceptional schools of Rafsanjan city in the academic year of 2019-2019, and their number was 320 in total. 37 mothers with exceptional children were selected through voluntary sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received self-compassion training during twelve sessions. The applied questionnaires included Personal attribution Questionnaire (Rotter, 1992) and Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance. The results showed that self-compassion training has significant effect on the Personal attribution (F=42.02; Eta=0.54; P<0001) and emotional well-being (F=42.32; Eta=0.56; P<0001) in mothers with exceptional children. According to the findings of the present study, self-compassion training can be used as an efficient method to improve Personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children through focusing on the method of Visualizing compassion for self and others, using creative helplessness, articulating worthwhile goals, fostering compassionate behaviors, and developing intelligent behaviors.

Psychological interventions have an effective role in controlling psychological symptoms or increasing the socio-psychological capabilities of patients with corona, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the hope and psychological health of patients suffering from Corona. Corona was done.

Semi-experimental research method is of pre-test-post-test type with a control group along with a follow-up period. The research population included all the patients with corona disease who referred to the specialized and sub-specialized hospital of Tabriz in the fall of 2021, and at least two months had passed since their recovery. The sample consisted of 30 people who recovered from corona virus, who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. The data collection tools included the hope questionnaires of Schneider et al. (1991) and psychological health of the World Health Organization (2002). The experimental group was subjected to group intervention in eight face-to-face sessions of 90 minutes in a period of two months, and the control group received the usual intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software and variance analysis test with repeated measurements.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy increased the hope and psychological health of patients with corona in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up phase(p>0/05)

Based on the research results, doctors and psychotherapists should use the intervention of acceptance and commitment to improve hope and psychological health of patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and importance of ethics components, in social studies textbooks. The research method is a content analysis and the unit of analysis is sentences and pictures. The statistical population is all social education textbooks for fifth to ninth grades in the academic year 2019-2020, in which the whole community was considered as a sample. The research tool is a researcher-made checklist. After determining the frequency of indicators, the statistical method "Chi-square and Shannon entropy" was used. The results showed that the highest frequency observed in the ethics component is related to the sixth grade with 488 cases, the second rank belongs to the fifth grade with 359 cases. The third rank is assigned to the seventh grade with 342 cases, the fourth rank to the ninth grade with 232 cases and the last rank to the seventh grade with 198 cases. The results of chi-square test confirmed significant differences in frequencies. Also, the results of Shannon entropy analysis showed that the highest coefficient of importance is related to the component of godliness and religiosity with a coefficient of importance of 0.81 and the lowest coefficient of importance is related to the component of no fault finding and absence with a significance coefficient of 0.048. Based on the findings, and in general, little attention has been paid to the components of fidelity, honesty and absenteeism in textbooks.

Using new psychological approaches along with biological treatments is an effective measure for the psycho-social adaptation of patients; so the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and problem-solving skills on the psycho-social adaptation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

This study was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a follow-up period. The current research population included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the specialized and super-specialized center of Milad hospital in the first six months of 2021. From the target population, 45 qualified people who volunteered to participate in the research were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Data collection tool was Drugatis (1986) psycho-social adjustment scale. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 22 software and variance analysis test with repeated measurement at the significance level of α=0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups; And the treatment of metacognition and problem solving skills was effective in increasing the psycho-social adaptation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and these results continued in the follow-up period (P<0.05). Also, the results of Benferroni's post hoc test indicated that there was no significant difference between the psycho-social adjustment scores in the two groups of problem solving skills and metacognition therapy (P<0.05).

Training of metacognitive therapy and problem solving skills can be used as a complementary treatment method along with medical methods for psycho-social adaptation of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

according to the consequences of the covid-19 in the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of people in the community and the importance of stress management, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of stress management treatment on the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of corona patients.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The research population included all patients with covid-19 disease who referred to Tabriz specialized and sub-specialized recovery hospital in the fall of 2022, and the target sample included 30 people who recovered from corona, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and Tests were assigned. The experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of stress management training for two months, and the control group did not receive training during this period and remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools include the Gross Emotional Regulation Gross & John (2003) and the quality of life of the World Health Organization (2000). Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 24 and variance analysis test with repeated measurements between groups.

The results showed that there was a difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test of emotion regulation variables (p>0.001) and quality of life components (p>0.001), and the results were stable during the follow-up period (0.001 >p).

The results showed that stress management treatment was effective in improving emotional regulation and quality of life of patients with covid-19, therefore, health professionals can use the stress management training method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics related to covid-19.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients’ treatment adherence and perceived stress. It was a quasi-experimental study consisting of a pre-test, a post-test, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. In 2019, the statistical population of the present study included IBS patients referred to Bandarabbas therapy centers and gastroenterologists. Using the available sampling technique, 32 IBS patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. During two and a half months, the experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of compassion-focused therapy. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (ATQ) were among the questionnaires utilized. The data were analyzed using statistical software version 23 and repeated-measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up tests. The results showed that compassion-focused therapy has a significant effect on IBS patients’ treatment adherence and perceived stress (P<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, compassion-focused therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to increase treatment adherence and decrease perceived stress in IBS patients by employing techniques such as increasing positive experiences, training compassion expression, and identifying incorrect evaluations.

Lung cancer is one of the most common and life-threatening cancers in men around the world. Therefore, it is important to pay particular attention to the psychological status of patients with lung cancer due to their greater vulnerability during treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on the quality of life of patients with lung cancer.
This quasi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest design and a three-month follow-up, was conducted in the summer of 2019. Thirty patients with lung cancer, who were referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In the pretest stage, the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was completed by both groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for eight sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. In the posttest stage, both groups were examined again, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 by repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The findings showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy. In other words, the mean score of quality of life increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group (P<0.001).
Based on the results of this study, the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in increasing the quality of life of patients with lung cancer was confirmed. Therefore, psychological screening is suggested to improve the quality of life of patients by taking advantage of clinical trials and appropriate intervention models during medical treatment.

Diabetic elderly people face with many problems including increased perceived stress and chronic pain and reduced treatment adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly.

This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was consisted of elderly diabetics who referred to the health centers of Rafsanjan, which 30 people of whom were selected as a sample after reviewing the inclusion criteria and randomly were replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes the acceptance and commitment therapy based on the protocol of Vowles et al (2007) and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools were included Cohen et al.'s perceived stress questionnaire (1983), Melzak's pain questionnaire (1975), and Toobert and Glasgow's diabetes self-care activities questionnaire (1994). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test in SPSS version 25 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of all three variables of perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced perceived stress and chronic pain and increased treatment adherence in diabetic elderly (P<0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, health professionals and therapists can use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other treatment methods to reduce perceived stress and chronic pain and increase treatment adherence in vulnerable groups including the diabetic elderly.

This research was conducted with the aim of predicting life satisfaction based on attitude towards illness and feeling lonely with the mediation of emotional balance and mental satisfaction in the elderly.

The research method was correlational, and the statistical population was made up of elderly people living in nursing homes in 1401. According to the modeling method, the sample size was 340 people who were selected by random quota method. Data collection tools include: Wally and Shifur's Life Satisfaction Scale (1969), Kellner's Disease Attitude (1985), Russell's Feeling of Loneliness (1978), Bradburn's Emotional Balance (1969), Peter Klug's Mental Endurance (1982). In the data analysis method, descriptive statistics indicators as well as structural equation test and path analysis were used.

The research findings indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between life satisfaction and attitude towards illness. There has been a positive and significant relationship between life satisfaction and loneliness. There has been a positive and significant relationship between life satisfaction and mental endurance. There has been a positive and significant relationship between life satisfaction and each of the variables of emotional balance and mental endurance.

Therefore, the attitude towards illness and the feeling of loneliness with the mediation of emotional balance and mental endurance have been predictors of life satisfaction.

Investigating the common mental disorders in those who tend to sects and paying attention to these disorders in the planning of rehabilitation and reformation and also preventing the tendency to these sects is of particular importance. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 113 people were selected from those who were inclined to join the cult, and finally 100 people answered the demographic information questionnaire and the short form of the Minnesota Multifaceted Personality Questionnaire. The interpretation of people's profiles has been done in two ways: the highest elevation and T scores above 65. According to the findings of this research, 77% of those who were inclined to sects had at least one type of exaltation scale. Based on T scores higher than 65, depressive disorders, self-morbidity, and hysteria were the most common disorders among cultists. Based on the obtained results, a model was presented to reduce sectarianism, which was validated using the fuzzy Delphi technique. The general results of this research indicated the effectiveness of the strategies of setting up cult therapy clinics, rehabilitation programs through the organization of prisons and correctional centers, as well as public education programs, in reducing sectarianism.

To determine the effectiveness of emotional rational behavior therapy on body image, body mass index and reduce social anxiety in overweight adolescents.

The present research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of adolescent girls and boys who had referred to clinics in Tehran in 2019 with the problem of overweight and obesity, from which 40 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method. After selecting individuals, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). The experimental group intervention was group therapy based on emotional rational behavioral therapy (Ellis and Dryden, 1997) and consisted of eight sessions lasting 120 minutes. Data were analyzed using Littleton et al.'s (2005) Body Image Concern Questionnaire, Connor et al.'s (2000) Social Anxiety Inventory, and repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS.22 software. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software. Significance level in this study was considered 0.05.

The results showed that rational-emotional behavior therapy in body image (F=25.29, P<0.001), body mass index (F=3.59, P=0.036), and reduction of anxiety Social (F=5.49, P=0.026) Adolescents were effective overweight (P<0.001).

Based on the research findings, it can be said that rational-emotional behavior therapy can have positive effects on body image, body mass index and reduce adolescent social anxiety.

Death anxiety is one of the most common problems in old age that is affected by several factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the spiritual factors affecting the death anxiety of the elderly in the Iranian society.

In this meta-analytical study, using internal databases, 22 studies about death anxiety in the elderly published between 2010 and 1400, which met the criteria for inclusion in the study, were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. The authors of the article did not report any conflict of interests.

The combined effect size index of the studies was 0.382 under the fixed model and 0.465 under the random model. In a separate study of the effect size of the variables, the variables of spiritual confrontation therapy, spiritual therapy, semantics, relationship with God and Islamic spiritual therapy had the greatest effect on death anxiety, respectively. The results of publication bias methods indicated publication bias in the combined studies in the present meta-analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a moderating analysis was performed for the variables of gender and research method, which indicated the moderating effect of the research method variable on the results of the studies.

It seems necessary to pay attention to the spiritual factors affecting death anxiety as important and important factors that improve death anxiety.

Disobedient disorder is one of the most common childhood psychological disorders that has adverse effects on family interactions that need to be properly identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the duration of education based on child-parent relationship with parent management education to improve parent-child relationships. This study was performed as a quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test with control group with follow-up). In this study, the statistical population includes all parents of children aged 11-5 years with coping disorder in Tehran. In order to conduct the research, 45 mothers of children with the disorder who had referred for the treatment of their children participated in the study by available sampling. Then, to evaluate the pre-test and before the intervention, the mothers completed the Children Behavioral Symptoms Questionnaire and the Parental Rejection and Acceptance Questionnaire. In the next stage, the two experimental groups received treatment and intervention along with drug therapy, and the control group received only drug therapy. At the end of the intervention, the mentioned questionnaires were completed by the mothers in the post-test and follow-up stages. Data were also analyzed by Kalmogorov-Smirnov, Shaipro-Wilk test, analysis of variance and pairwise comparison of means. The results showed that group-based parent-child relationship training and parental management training were significantly effective in improving parent-child relationships in children with coping disorder in the post-test and follow-up stages. The effect of treatment is lasting over time.

Death anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders of old age and it is a multidimensional construct that affects many aspects of the life of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying socio-religious factors affecting the death anxiety of the elderly in Iranian studies.

In this research, using internal databases, 21 studies between 2010 and 2022, which were about the death anxiety of the elderly and met the inclusion criteria, were collected and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. Were placed

The combined effect size index of the studies is 0.349 under the fixed model and 0.441 under the random effects model. In the separate examination of the factors, the variables of religious orientation, social support, social capital, religious attitude, adherence to religion and religious beliefs respectively had the most significant effect on death anxiety.

According to the results of the research, it is appropriate for health professionals, practitioners and planners in the field of aging to consider activities to strengthen and deepen social-religious factors in order to reduce the death anxiety of the elderly.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and cultural beliefs and sexual behavior in pregnant women. Mental health and cultural beliefs are important individual factors. Human sexual behaviors are influenced by culture, customs, beliefs and beliefs of people, and there is a lot of diversity in different societies. This study was a field correlation and the study sample was available to 100 pregnant women. Sampling method Sampling was done through a questionnaire. The results showed that cultural beliefs of individuals had an effect on their sexual behavior and women's mental health had a significant relationship with the request of unusual sexual behaviors by their husbands.

The aim of this istudy is to determine the model of brain function change based on treatment of heterogeneous hemispheres on the depression of addicts.

This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, which 20 male addicts leaving in the city of Karaj, Iran. Beck Depression Inventory and Blood Test was used. We selected 20 out of 100 people at random and placed them in two experimental and control groups equally (10 experimental group and 10 control group). Evaluation of the subjects by the Depression Inventory and blood test before training and after training of the experimental group. The subjects in theexperimental group were trained for 16 sessions 2 days a week, two hours a day, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using ANKOA statistical method and research data was analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

the reuslts showed that the subjects in the experimental group after training were significantly different from the control group in their scores of depression and increase in chemical carriers (serotonin and dopamine). In other words, brain change model based on heterogeneous hemisphere treatment was effective on depression of withdrawal addicts with 95% probability.

Teaching a model of brain function change based on heterogeneous hematopoietic treatment was effective on depression in withdrawal addicts. approved.

 Eating disorders are one of the most common mental / psychological disorders that cause many problems in physical health and mental function and also impair the quality of life of the sufferer and cause death. Eating disorders can cause eating disorders and threaten a person's health by altering their diet and receiving poor nutrients. Overeating disorder is an eating and eating disorder that is now officially recognized as a diagnosis. It affects approximately 2% of the world's population and can cause other health problems related to diets, such as high cholesterol and diabetes. Nutrition and eating disorders are not just about food, which is why they are known as mental disorders. People often use them as a way to deal with a deeper problem or other psychological condition such as anxiety or depression. People with anorexia nervosa may eat a lot of food in a short time, even if they are not hungry. Stress or emotional distress is often involved and may cause overeating. Lack of emotional regulation justifies overeating in various behaviors such as restricting food, valuing weight, shape, and negative emotions. Also, lack of emotion regulation has a strong relationship with overeating, so consuming too much food reduces the intensity of emotions. If emotion regulation fails, self-regulation in other areas, such as controlling eating behavior, can also fail; therefore, it seems likely that the models explaining overeating behavior in overeating disorder and overeating in obesity are related to failure in self-regulation due to intense emotions. Eating behavior is a complex phenomenon that involves the breadth and frequency of periods of eating and choosing daily foods and determines the amount of energy received by the individual and is the result of environmental, physiological, and psychological factors. Therefore, therapy can be effective in reducing eating disorders that can help the person in controlling his behavior and emotions. A meta-analytical look at the therapies used to treat eating disorders in the last decade shows that most research has focused on cognitive-behavioral therapy. The cognitive-behavioral approach of eating disorders focuses on cognitive distortions and attempts to change emotions and behaviors, and focuses on behavior. The therapist helps the patient identify their cognitive distortions and replace them with more positive and realistic ways of thinking. There is a vacuum of research in this area. Given the above, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological distress, obesity, and emotion disorder in people with bulimia will be different?

Due to the nature of the subject of the present study, the method of the present study is quasi-experimental and is a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was considered as high school students. Therefore, the statistical population of the present study is all-female high school students in Kerman in District 2 of Education. The sample size was selected as a multi-stage cluster from 4 girls' high schools. First, through bulimia (bulimia nervosa) Gormali, Black, Duston, Radin (1982) questionnaire, and clinical interview, 45 students with bulimia nervosa were identified and selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 15. Inclusion criteria were having the conditions to participate in intervention sessions (availability), determining students' satisfaction with cooperation, not taking medical and psychiatric drugs, not having acute medical or metabolic disorders through screening tests and exit criteria these included not being able to attend intervention sessions (unavailability), student dissatisfaction, taking medications and psychiatry, and having an acute medical or metabolic disorder. The research instrument was Gormali, Black, Duston, Radin's (1982) Overeating Behaviors Scale (DAS). The experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral intervention. Data analysis was performed using an independent t-test.

The results of this test indicate that there is a significant difference between the depression subscale and the psychological distress variable of people with bulimia nervosa in the two post-test groups. Also, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the rate of anxiety and depression in the post-test was not significantly significant.

The cognitive-behavioral approach of eating disorders is based on cognitive distortions and attempts to change emotions and behaviors and focuses on behavior. The therapist helps the patient identify their cognitive distortions and replace them with more positive and realistic ways of thinking. Explaining the result, it is stated that the disorder of emotions and feelings in students is one of the major problems in adolescence, which is a critical and sensitive period, which has unpleasant consequences, including bulimia nervosa. Is created. Adolescent students with bulimia nervosa develop unregulated emotions, feelings, and emotions. Emotional Dysregulation plays a significant role in the development and persistence of eating disorders. People with overeating disorders use inefficient and troublesome methods to deal with their emotions. These techniques may temporarily reduce arousal, but over time, not only do they intensify emotional coping, but they themselves become a problem, suggesting that overeating behaviors are in fact maladaptive ways to control emotion. Explaining the result also states that anxiety and worry is a good opportunity for common behavioral disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Therefore, in these situations, restoring a sense of control and increasing self-confidence and a sense of self-efficacy can be an important factors in treatment and recovery. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatment approaches that help to solve the problems caused by dysfunction in emotions, cognitions, and behavior using a systematic and purposeful method. In other words, it can be said that in cognitive behavioral therapy, the strengths of behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy approaches, ie objectivism, evaluation, and measurement on the one hand and the involvement of memory in cognitive reconstruction and information interpretation, on the other hand, are gathered. And in the form of a single body in the form of a new approach. People with binge eating disorders are often more obese than people with anorexia nervosa. Therefore, the primary focus of treatment in this study was weight loss, and clients were told that the primary priority in treatment was to eliminate overeating behaviors and develop good habits. Eat, to achieve this goal. Second, issues such as obesity, nutrition, and regular exercise were considered. There is no difference in the cognition of people with bulimia nervosa.

The occurrence of chronic diseases causes damage to the mental and emotional health of people. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on the self-efficacy perceived and self-care behaviors of people with coronary heart disease.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of this study included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madain Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. The statistical population included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madayen Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. 34 Patient with coronary heart disease were selected through voluntarily and purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 patients in the experimental group and 16 patients in the control group). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of unified trans-diagnostic treatment during One and a half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and Self-Care Questionnaire (Galiana et al, 2015). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated Mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software.

The results showed that unified trans-diagnostic treatment has significant effect on the self-efficacy (F=34.07; Eta=0.51; P<0001) and self-care behaviors (F=72.83; Eta=0.67; P<0001) of the cardiac people with coronary heart disease.

Objective :

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation skills training to reduce perceived stress and increase self-efficacy and improve sleep quality in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

 The present study was an applied study and its method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population was all elderly people aged 65 years and older with type 2 diabetes living in Kish Island in the year 1400. Thirty of them were selected as a sample group by purposive sampling and then were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.
Then, the experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of emotion regulation training and in three stages of pre-test-post-test and follow-up through Cohen et al. (2004) Perceived Stress Scale. Scherer et al. (1982) self-efficacy questionnaire and Pittsburgh (1989) sleep quality questionnaire were evaluated. Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis using SPSS software v. 26.

Results :

results showed that the interactive effect of time×group on perceived stress (P=0.001, F=42.02), on self-efficacy (P=0.001, F=81.845) And on the quality of sleep of the elderly (P=0.001, F=5.410) is significant at a significant level (P<0.01) and the effect of intervention leads to a reduction in stress, and increase self-efficacy and sleep quality in experimental group.

Conclusion:

 Based on the findings of this study, emotion regulation training can be used to reduce perceived stress and improve self-efficacy and sleep quality in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on emotion disorder in people with bulimia nervosa. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was all secondary school students in Kerman in District 2 of Education. The sample size of the present study according to the test power (0.80), effect size (0.50) and confidence level (0.05) was considered for each sample group of 15 people, which were initially in the form of multi-stage clusters. Selected from 4 high schools for girls. First, through the behavioral screening questionnaire of people who are suspected of overeating through the cut-off point; Was separated. Then, by conducting clinical interviews, 45 of them who had the final diagnosis of overeating disorder were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people. The research tool was a scale of difficulty in regulating emotion Graz and Roemer (2004). The experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral intervention and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Data analysis was performed after examining statistical assumptions by analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis showed that the intervention based on cognitive-behavioral intervention and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on the difficult dimensions of emotion regulation.

Having the right perception of the disease can affect the patient's compliance with his or her illness and self-care behaviors by increasing compliance with care instructions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on disease perception and self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest and follow-up. From the statistical population that included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the specialized and sub-specialized center of Milad Hospital (Tehran-Iran) between March to September 2021, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental and 15 Control group) were included. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of metacognitive therapy by Wells and Colbir (2012), but the control group received routine treatment. Data collection tools were Bradbent et al.'s (2006) Perception of Disease Questionnaire and Cohen et al.'s (1991) Self-Care Behaviors Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and analysis of variance with repeated measures between groups at the significance level of α = 0.05.

The results showed that metacognitive therapy was effective in improving disease perception (p <0.01) and increasing self-care behaviors (p <0.01) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and these results continued in the follow-up period (p <0.01).

The results were indicated on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on improving the illness perception and increasing the self-care behaviors of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and its continuity of effectiveness. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can use metacognitive therapy along with other treatments to improve the characteristics of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, especially to improve the perception of the illness and increasing the self-care behaviors.

Anxiety and decreased nervousness tolerance are among the main problems of coronary heart disease patients that can make negative physiological and psychological consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and distress tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease.

In a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group with follow-up period, from the statistical population that included of all patients with coronary artery disease referred to the specialized center of Shahid Lavasani Hospital in Tehran in the summer of 2021, 30 volunteers were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included Beck et al.'s (1988) Anxiety Inventory and Simmons and Gaher (2005) Anxiety Behavior Questionnaires, which were administered to both groups as pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Alice and Beck cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in ten 90-minute sessions for the experimental group, but the control group received the usual treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in anxiety variables (p <0.001) and anxiety tolerance components (p <0.001). Also, the results were stable in the follow-up period (p <0.001).

According to the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing anxiety tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary treatment along with medical methods to improve the psychological status (reduce anxiety and increase distress tolerance) in patients with coronary heart disease.

 Identifying the main psychological variables involved in the development ‎of uterine cancer and using effective and useful psychotherapy ‎approaches in the treatment of cancer diseases is necessary, so this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ‎mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on rumination and fatigue in patients with cervical cancer.‎

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a control group ‎and a follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with cervical ‎cancer‏ ‏who were referred to Al-Zahra Medical Center in Isfahan in the first six months of 2021. Using ‎the convenience-sampling method, 30 patients were selected and allocated to experimental and ‎control groups (n1= n1=15), randomly. The research instruments included the rumination scale ‎‎(Nolen-Hooksma and Murrow, 1991) and cancer-induced fatigue (Okmiyama et al., 2000), which ‎were filled at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up by both groups. The intervention ‎group received Segal and Tizdel (2018) mindfulness cognitive therapy method during eight 90-‎minute sessions. Simultaneously, no intervention was considered for the control group. Data were ‎analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) via SPSS software version 22 with a ‎significance level of 0.05‎‏.‏

The results showed a significant difference in post-test between the experimental and control groups in the variables of rumination (p < 0.001) and fatigue due to cancer (p < 0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was ‎effective in reducing rumination and fatigue in patients with cervical cancer and it can be used as ‎a complementary therapy along with cancer treatments.

One of the most pressing and recurring topics in treating addiction disorders is craving, temptation, or desire to consume drugs. Craving encompasses many phenomena, including the expectation of reinforcing effects and intense craving for substances. The quality of life is a person's perception of his or her situation, the level of enjoyment of that situation, and the level of his or her enjoyment of critical life situations, which is related to the goals and expectations of the individual. Music therapy is one of these creative and complementary therapies. According to the American Music Therapy Association, music therapy is the clinical and evidence–based use of music interventions to achieve unique goals during therapeutic communication using professional and reputable professionals who have completed a music therapy program. Drug addiction is a chronic disease usually associated with another psychiatric illness and reduces a person's quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy on quality of life and craving in patients under methadone maintenance therapy.

This research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The study's statistical population included all addicts under methadone maintenance treatment in addiction treatment clinics affiliated with the Tehran City Health Organization, Tehran City, Iran in 2019. A total of 36 addicts were selected from the available qualified volunteers by convenient sampling and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (18 in each group). The inclusion criteria in the present study were as follows: addicts under methadone maintenance treatment, male gender, no physical problems, no history of exposure to psychological training, aged 18 to 40 years, and no history of drug use. The exclusion criteria were as follows: non–cooperation of the samples or their families in any of the research stages, having physical problems, history of psychiatric problems, professional athletes aged over 40 years, and drug use. The Quality of Life Questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (Franken et al., 2002) were used to collect data. Music therapy sessions were performed exclusively for the experimental group in eight 90–minute sessions, twice a week for two months, based on the educational package of Gardstrom et al. (2017). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate covariance analysis method) in SPSS version 22. Also, to compare the two groups in terms of gender, the Chi–square test was used, and to compare the age and history of methadone use, the t test of two independent groups was used. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05.

The results showed that music therapy improved physical function (p<0.001), physical role limitation (p<0.001), general health (p=0.044), and mental role limitation (p=0.045) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, the intervention significantly decreased the intention to consume (p<0.001), negative reinforcement (p<0.001), and perceived control (p<0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Based on the study findings, music therapy can play an essential role in reducing cravings and increasing some aspects of quality of life in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.