فهرست مطالب hassan oroji

Movies and TV series play an important role in attracting tourists to tourist destinations. Kazaj village in Khalkhal city hosted the filming of a part of a TV series in 2017. People and other stakeholders of tourism have different opinions about the effects of this film on village tourism. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the set of effective factors in the effects of this film on tourism and to present related intellectual and mental models in this field. For this purpose, using library and field methods, the necessary data were collected from 15 experts, including the owners of ecotourism residences in the village, the villager, the owner of the filming location and some rural people familiar with this film, and through the Q analytical model and exploratory factor analysis was analyzed. The final results show that the effects of this film on village tourism, although it has had few effects in the field of promotion and introduction of the village, but the dimensions of the effects are very limited and small, and the level of attractiveness of the film and its location is low. Also, there are different mental models of film tourism in the village, the point of view of the promoters and encouragers to continue making such films, in contrast to the groups that do not consider such films beneficial in the village. It has created two or more different thought patterns related to film tourism.

Loyalty of a tourist to a specific destination is a key issue in urban tourism management. A high level of loyalty in a destination can have positive consequences for the development of tourism in that region. One of the important topics in this field is the strategic measurement and analysis of the level of tourism loyalty in different dimensions and components and providing strategies to improve it. In the meantime, measuring the goals, capabilities of cities, and the opportunities and challenges ahead in the field of tourism loyalty and knowing the competitors of the destination are taken into account for the strategic analysis of tourism loyalty. As one of the urban tourism destinations of Iran, the city of Yazd attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year with its many tourist spaces and products. the main goal of the research is to provide strategies for the development of the loyalty level of Yazd city through the recognition and evaluation of the objectives, capabilities, opportunities, challenges and competitors of the city's tourism and evaluating its strategic suitability.

the current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the survey type based on its nature and method. The required data is prepared based on the library and field method. The statistical sample of the research was 30 people from the group of experts, including officials and managers of tourism, researchers and researchers, owners of tourism businesses, and a number of residents with a history of the city, which due to the limited statistical population, the whole number method was used to get samples. became. For the strategic analysis of the research, Meta-SWOT analytical model, which is an advanced SWOT model, has been used.

The results showed that the most important resources and capabilities in order to improve the level of tourism loyalty in the city of Yazd include the positive effects of the globalization of the city of Yazd on improving the character of the city and its historical attractions, changing the positive mentality of tourists towards the city, understanding its scientific and historical value. And to arouse their feelings, to raise the quality of services, relative participation of citizens in social and tourism programs, acceptable tourism security and urban infrastructure and services, agency services and health tourism ConclusionThe result of the strategic analysis shows the greater homogeneity of Yazd's tourism capabilities and external factors and goals in terms of strategic fit, and the aforementioned capabilities play an important role in improving the level of loyalty at a medium level, and based on this, solutions have been presented to improve it.

The resilience approach strengthens tourism against disasters and crises and increases its ability to absorb and reduce changes. Therefore, one of the new practical approaches to continuing tourism development is resilience. Shiraz is one of the essential tourist cities. Since various accidents such as floods and terrorist attacks have occurred in it, which disrupts its tourism development, it needs to use a resilient approach to its tourism development. This research aims to measure Shiraz tourism's internal and external resources, compare it with competitors, and finally provide the necessary strategies with a resilience approach. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Data collecting was performed using experts’ opinions on several occasions using questionnaires. Regarding validity, the relevant field professor approved the questionnaire, and its reliability is based on Cronbach's alpha test result of 0.915, which indicates high reliability. The independent and dependent variables are resilience and the development of tourism. The statistical population is the city of Shiraz, and the statistical sample is 33 tourism experts (including employees, students, university professors, and business owners) who have been selected with the snowball method. The results indicate that most of the tourism resources of Shiraz with a resilience approach are strategically balanced and close to each other and are similar in weight and strategic proportion. Suitable air and ground transportation infrastructures, high investment of the public and private sectors in the field of tourism in Shiraz, and strong advertisements in the field of attracting tourists are among the most strategic resources of Shiraz. Finally, strategies for developing Shiraz tourism with the resilience approach have been presented.

Loyalty of a tourist to a specific destination is a key issue in tourism management. A high level of loyalty in a destination can have positive consequences for the development of tourism in that region. One of the important topics in this field is measuring and analyzing the level of tourism loyalty in different dimensions and components. Each of these components has a series of indicators that have a significant impact on the loyalty of tourists to that destination. Tourism loyalty is discussed in different dimensions of awareness and familiarity, tourist perception, tourism personality, service quality, mental image, trust, security, satisfaction of tourists. Awareness and familiarity with the image of the destination and direct and indirect experiences arise in the minds of tourists. which makes a tourist have the necessary trust, confidence and understanding in that destination and that destination in this direction tries to improve the quality of services and also creates a beautiful and exciting personality for tourists, which ultimately It leads to the satisfaction and loyalty of tourists. The evaluation of these dimensions can help city tourism planners in its optimal management. The city of Yazd, having a variety of tourist attractions, as one of the most tourist-friendly and popular tourist places in Iran, attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year. Therefore, paying attention to the category of tourist loyalty, considering the high potential that this city has in the field of attracting tourists, will lead to a domino flow of tourists, and then generate multiple incomes, reducing the cost of attracting tourists and economic prosperity, considering that the economy of this city is dependent on It is tourism. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to evaluate the loyalty of domestic tourists in Yazd city in the form of a suitable model.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the survey type based on its nature and method. The required information is prepared based on the library and field method. The statistical population of the research to evaluate the level of loyalty is all incoming tourists in the year 1400, based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 381 people. A simple random method was used to complete the questionnaire. The collected data have been processed based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS software and linear regression tests and one-sample t-test.

The results of the research showed that the dimensions of awareness and familiarity, mental image, trust, perceived value, service quality, security, personality and satisfaction both directly and indirectly (with the mediator role of satisfaction) have a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of tourists in Yazd city. During the surveys, the status of dimensions related to measuring the loyalty of tourists in Yazd shows that the highest average value is related to the dimension of security and satisfaction and the lowest average value is related to the dimension of awareness and familiarity of tourists and also the results obtained from the dimensions indicate It is because the tourists' awareness and familiarity with the city of Yazd has been more through social networks and word-of-mouth advertising, and their mental perceptions of the city in the field of tourism services and facilities, the culture of the people and their participation, tourism costs in relation to the city, in The field of trust towards the destination brand and products, tour leaders and travel agencies, security and comfort of staying in hotels, tours, the city environment, ensuring the order and security of law enforcement officers and entrepreneurs and tourism service providers and the pricing of services and products , in the context of the value of understanding the destination of the tourists in relation to the scientific and historical value and tourism of the city, in relation to the history and attractions, in relation to the cultural and social values, in the field of service quality in relation to the services of historical contexts and tourist places and services Provided to tourism entrepreneurs, infrastructures and services tourist and tourism packages, plans of officials and managers in historical contexts, in the field of city security according to the opinion of tourists regarding the urban economy for tourists and shopping and investment, tourist places and attractions, creating a tourism business, in The field of urban personality in the opinion of tourists, the impact of the globalization of Yazd city, the elements and elements that are appropriate to the historical and urban contexts, the type of religion and beliefs of the city people, the lively and enlightening city, and also the preservation of the ancient religious identity and the general culture of the city people.

In this research, the dimensions and level of tourism loyalty in the city were examined and analyzed, and in the final result it was found that the dimensions of loyalty are generally at a relatively acceptable level in the city of Yazd. According to the results presented in the final conclusion, plans and suggestions can be made in order to improve the level of loyalty in Yazd city as much as possible. In the end, it should be said that by formulating a vision of tourism loyalty and formulating several scenarios regarding the development of the level of loyalty in the 10-year horizon, the path of tourism in Yazd city can be transformed and Yazd has an acceptable share of the current tourism flow in the region. have the center of the country. Accordingly, attention should be paid to the conditions of the post-corona period. Loyalty level development model in current conditions should be developed compatible with the characteristics of this era.

E-tourism is one of the most widely used items in tourism development. Qtourism is a technology related to the use of QRcodes in tourism activities. In this technology, the necessary information about the tourism attractions are stored inside QRcodes and used by smart technologies for tourists. In recent years, the use of technology has become popular in important tourist destinations of the country and the Sheikh Safi International Historical Complex in Ardabil has launched a project of tourism within the complex. An important issue is the extent of impacts on tourism development. Explaining these impacts in the context of a model can provide a favorable perspective on the range of effects and consequences of tourism. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to develop and present a model to explain the function and effects of Qtourism on sustainable tourism development. For this purpose, the tourists' satisfaction with the set of features and different parts of the tourism project and its impact from 224 tourists to the Sheikh Safi complex through statistical tests, and then the analytical model of Q Based on the views of 15 experts in the field of tourism, thought patterns, identification and analysis, and with a qualitative analysis, proposed model was presented. The proposed model includes eight main components of tourism integration, combination of virtual and real tourism, culturalization of tourism, diversification of tourism performance, influence of tourism in tourism system, comparative evaluation of tourism, combination with other technologies and its adaptation to the tourism extent.

The field of university and the field of entrepreneurship have a strong relationship with each other and play an important role in the development of the country, individuals, organizations and companies. Spin-off Companies is one of the companies that have reciprocal relations with the field of university entrepreneurship. In fact, university mechanisms have multiple effects in different dimensions and categories on the development or non-development of these companies, and it is necessary to recognize these effects in order to plan properly for universities and related companies. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the thought patterns that govern the effects of university support mechanisms on the development of university-based companies. For this purpose, three universities of Imam Khomeini, Razi Kermanshah and Yazd University were selected for case study, data were collected from faculty members, administrators, and graduate students, including 62 experts from all three universities, in the form of interviews and questionnaires. To identify and determine the categories of academic entrepreneurship, inductive qualitative content analysis method and to analyze thought patterns, Q analytical model have been used. The results showed that mechanisms and categories of the university were in eight groups: university policy changes, individual factors, university rules, infrastructure, de-monopolization, macro factors, partnerships and barriers to corporate development. Universities also have relatively good effects on the development of companies in general, but the relationship between companies and universities is weak due to the lack of companies.

Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions of rural areas. The relationships between these components and their place in ecolodges can be defined and explained in the form of different models. Therefore, explaining these patterns and redefining the elements and factors of Ecolodges systems has an important role in the development of future ecolodges and the development of different dimensions of villages. Ardabil province, located in the cold region of northwest of the Iranian plateau, with its various factors such as the diversity of natural resources, hot mineral waters, and their healing properties, can be important in attracting tourists. Khalkhal county is also known as one of the potential eco-touristic areas of the province. However, the city's rural areas are known only as transit ecotourism areas and have not yet been identified as an ecotourism destination. Accordingly, ecolodges have been built in the past few years, only in a handful of villages such as Khums, Kazaj, and areas such as Aznav. In this regard, there is no proportionality between the villages. According to those mentioned earlier, this study's main aim was to explain and present a model for the development of ecolodges in rural areas; Khalkhal city as a suitable and compatible case study to identify the main factors selected in the development system of ecolodges in a destination Tourism. The main purpose of this study was to participate in the theoretical knowledge in the field of ecotourism resort development system. In order to present the future development model, first, the current status of the Ecolodges system in the city should be identified by identifying the main factors and categories influencing the ecotourism system and ecolodges in the region and then by analyzing the conceptual patterns and views and identifying the relationship between factors and Their effects provided an optimal model for the future development of ecolodges.  

This research is applied type, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative-qualitative research. Research data were collected mainly through field methods, including structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, field observations and evaluations, library methods, and theoretical exploration. The study's statistical population to identify the factors and conceptual patterns governing the system of rural ecolodges in this county includes all experts in this field such as managers, entrepreneurs of ecolodges, and researchers familiar with the current situation of rural ecolodges. The statistical sample of the research is consciously selected. It includes four researchers with a history of research and field study in Khalkhal, four activists and entrepreneurs in the field of ecolodges in the region, and two administrative experts related to ecolodges and tourism in the city. Since this section has been analyzed through the Q analytical model, according to the limitations of elite and knowledgeable people, finally, ten experts were selected to evaluate and analyze this section. Inductive qualitative content analysis has also been used to identify and analyze the extensive components of ecolodges.  

First, the effective factors in the development of ecolodges have been studied in Khalkhal city. Therefore, eight influential factors have been identified, which are very different in terms of effectiveness and importance. The first factor is the most important of all. This factor refers to ecotourism capabilities to build accommodation in most villages of the county. It has shown a relatively high level of public participation in tourism in most villages. The main manifestation of this partnership is the supply of handicrafts and indigenous rural products to tourists. Of course, the size and geographical location of the villages are also involved to some extent in this issue. Another important point concerning this factor is the lack of significant differences between Khalkhal villages regarding ecotourism capacity and infrastructure and services. However, this factor points to the fact that the relationship between rural ecolodges with each other and urban resorts is not very strong, and the weakness of rural management and publicity has fueled this issue. Then, the dominant thought patterns in the development of ecolodges were identified. There are only two thought patterns on the development of ecolodges in the ruling village, but the first model is much more important in terms of influence and importance. so as to explain more precisely the process and structure of rural ecolodges in Khalkhal city, the main concepts and categories have been identified through inductive qualitative content analysis, which includes entrepreneurial communication, strengthening public participation, and satisfaction People, lack of a definite model for ecolodges, the role of roads, human capital, weak government management, relative incompatibility between rural management and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, the role of non-indigenous forces, injecting ideas for ecolodges, hastily granting ecotourism permits and creating conflict It is exclusivism.  

After analyzing the data and research results, the final optimal model is presented to develop rural ecotourism resorts in Khalkhal city. The main components of this model involve entrepreneurship and indigenous knowledge, non-indigenous ideas, ecotourism monopolization, attraction production, ecotourism acculturation, identification of holes and sensitive elements, creation of ecotourism complexes, ecotourism routing, ecotouristic cluster and network management, and regional network strategy. Eventually, the ecolodge system will move towards development, but a scenario needs to be developed for better management.

Film tourism is a branch of tourism that plays an important role in develop tourist destinations The village of Soulaqan in the villages of Kan and Solqan and Amazadeh Nourbakhsh in the village, the location of the filming was part of ‘traveler from India’ film. Based on this, the main challenge of the research is the effects and consequences of this film on rural development and the process of attracting tourists and the effects of tourism on this film and main goal has been established on this basis. In order to, by preparing a questionnaire and conducting interviews with statistical samples of research including people (qualitatively and in the form of snowballs and theoretical saturation) and 267 incoming tourists. the necessary data were collected. They were then analyzed through statistical analysis and tests and inductive qualitative content analysis. The results of qualitative and quantitative analyzes show. Also, the effects of this film on the knowledge of the village are somewhat acceptable, but in the field of tourism development, it has not played much of an effect and the interaction between the film of tourism and rural development has not been observed.

Geotourism is one of the most explicit, educational, and responsible conservation areas for tourism, which seeks to promote the values of the land heritage and contribute to the development of local communities, and rural areas are considered as one of the important goals of geotourism. The formation of geotourism in the vicinity of rural areas can lead to the formation of the relationship between geotourism, tourists and geotouristic activities with villages, and this is very effective in the field of interaction between villages and geotourism and the various effects of geotourism on this village. Therefore, the necessity of investigating communications and interactions between villages and geotourism is inevitable. Tabas is one of the important areas of geotourism in the country, and the Kal-e-Sardar valley in eastern Tabas is one of the geotourist locations that has several geocytes. This valley is in need of kindness in the vicinity of villages like the upper and lower ranges. In this research, geotourism has been investigated through geocytes' assessment through the Fasciass approach and the evaluation of the connections and attitudes of people and tourists towards geotourism through statistical tests and analyzes. The results indicate that Kal-e Sedar has high geotechnical powers, but the awareness of the people and tourists is relatively low in geotourism and the incentive for most tourists to travel is also a pleasure and relaxation in the warm waters of the Kal-e Shar. Also, tourists visit villages around their villages to provide their services and needs, and popular participation in geotourism is weak. Similarly, the economic effects of geotourism and the extent of the impact of the village on geotourism are also limited.

Geotourism is responsible, geoconservative and scientific approach about interesting geological and geomorphological landforms and phenomena that follow geotourism development for economic and social development of native communi/ty. The city of Tabas with having a long history of geological history and contains a diverse collection of geotouristic phenomena that the desert and desert landforms are more prominent than other complications. Since many of the geotourism assets of this city are not exhaustively reviewed and even some geomorphous remains unknown, Therefore, in order to exploit and apply the principles of this desert and desert capital of this city, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the geomorphous cultures of the arid regions of the city which are the symbol of geotourism, and to make a geotouristic planning based on this assessment. In this research, which is descriptive-analytic, geomorphocytes were evaluated through the method of estimating geotourism of Mr. Borosi and colleagues. At first, the values ​​of this method were evaluated by experts and then 24 geomorphosites of desert and desert areas were evaluated through library and field baccalaureate studies. Finally, the results were combined with the evaluation of the criteria and in this way, the final value of each geomorphocyte was determined. The results show that the three geomorphous Rigshotoran, the "rocky outcrops" of Doranjal mountains and the "old calmrud low height mountains" have the best conditions for the development of geotourism. The results of the assessment, by separating and integrating the scientific, conservation and tourism values ​​that have been taken with the conservation approach, show that most of the geomorphous cultures of this region are "relatively favorable" for the development of geotourism. Also, the results of the research show that only geomorphosite "camelite" in the current conditions can be optimally provided as a tourist product ready for tourists, and other geomorphic cultures need to strength tourism indicators before they are offered to the tourism market, and in some of them, Protective and scientific indicators need to be promoted.

Because of the great friability of ecologic-social systems in desert regions, planning for tourism development and use of its capabilities for rural development need an explanation of rural tourism systems. Mesr village is one of the most important rural tourist regions in Khur-biabank county that, in recent years, has experienced tourism activities development and its changes. This paper aims to recognize a tourism system development model in the village and explain it by approaches and theories related to the development of tourist destinations. For this purpose, qualitative data are prepared through interviews, conversations and surveying observations as well as using theoretical foundations, effective variables, processes and structures in the rural tourism system of Mesr village. After the system is recognized, a model is presented to explain the tourism system development processes. The results of the model show that effective introduction of tourism in the region attracts more visitors, for which the important role of entrepreneurs should be stressed. This role can be played in increasing the number of tourists in an organized manner, increasing the local participation, reduction of migration and so on. In another part of the study, the conformity degree of the model is enquired with chaos and tourism life cycle theories. The system being compatible with and based on the tourism life cycle theory, Mesr is found to be in a satisfactory development stage. Also, it appears that the creative destruction in the chaos theory is compatible with the satisfaction and development stage in the tourism life cycle theory.

Tourism, as the largest and fast growing economic activity in many countries around the world, is an important sector of the world economy (Grillakis et al, 2015). This economic activity strongly influenced by many factors, including culture, economy, environmental potentials and climate of the places that host the activity. However, climate as an important environmental component of a given region profoundly impacts tourism because it is very much dependent on climate conditions. Undoubtedly, a comfortable climate for recreational activities in any given destination is the main factor in tourist attraction, but an unsatisfactory climate or adverse weather conditions substantially reduce the number of tourists. in the past few decades, climatic factors played an important role in the process and trends of world tourism and, the tourism planners and operators, indigenous communities of tourism destinations and tourists, and all of the factors and components of the tourism system have a special focus at the climate factor at their tourism decisions. In this prospective Iran, as a country with a diverse climate is considered at tourism decision making. In recent years, climate tourism researches is based on survey data and measuring tourist’s satisfaction about climatic conditions because of differences between tourism destinations and variety cultural, economic, political and social conditions. Iran country is one of the most country in the world based on climate and tourism capabilities. Iran’s south coasts has high potentials about tourism and climate tourism. The paper try to survey climate tourism based on surveying data and tourists interviews and presenting improvement in tourism climate indexes. In order to surveying tourism climate in Qeshm Island, it is used tourism climate indexes involved CIT, PET and PMV indexes. In order to evaluate the climatological condition of Qeshm district for tourism, the TCI, PMV, and CIT climatic indices were computed for Qeshm station as the representative of the coastal areas of southeastern Iran. These three indices were selected as they consider the climatic and environmental conditions, the human thermal condition and the degree of satisfaction of the tourists previously visited the target area CIT rates the climate resource for activities that are highly climate/weather sensitive, specifically, beach “sun, sea and sand” (3S) holidays. CIT integrates thermal (T), aesthetic (A) and physical (P) facets of weather, which are combined in a weather typology matrix to determine a climate satisfaction rating that ranges from very poor (1 = unacceptable) to very good (7 = optimal). Parameter A refers to sky condition and P to rain or high wind. T is the body-atmosphere energy balance that integrates the environmental and physiological thermal variables, such as solar heat load, heat loss by convection (wind) and by evaporation (sweating), long wave radiation exchange and metabolic heat (activity level). The second index used in this research is the predicted mean vote index (PMV) developed by Fanger (1972) to defining the thermal comfort of the environment, using the heat balance equations and empirical studies of skin temperature. The PMV and the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) index were developed to help air-conditioning engineers to create a thermally comfortable indoor climateThe Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model stands among the most recognized thermal comfort models. It was developed using principles of heat balance and experimental data collected in a controlled climate chamber under steady state conditions. The adaptive model, on the other hand, was developed based on hundreds of field studies with the idea that occupants dynamically interact with their environment. Occupants control their thermal environment by means of clothing, operable windows, fans, personal heaters, and sun shades. The PMV model can be applied to air conditioned buildings, while the adaptive model can be generally applied only to buildings where no mechanical systems have been installed. There is no consensus about which comfort model should be applied for buildings that are partially air conditioned spatially or temporally. The Munich energy balance model for individuals is one of the thermo physiological heat balance models. It is the basis for the calculation of the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Data period is 2003-2013 in Qeshm coastal synoptic station.
One of the largest islands in the world, Qeshm boasts numerous natural, historical, religious and trade attractions. The beautiful nature of Qeshm has not only made the island an ideal vacation spot, but also an intriguing place for academic research. Qeshm Island is located a few kilometers off the southern coast of Iran (Persian Gulf), opposite the port cities of Bandar Abbas and Bandar Khamir. The island, at its widest point, located near the center of the island, spans 40 kilometers. The results shows important points. Although tourism climate in Qeshm station is suitable in cold months and night hours but when tourism climate in Qeshm assess by CIT index, all of the months in a long year and all of the daily hours (except daily hours in months of summer) is suitable and acceptable that it is incompatible with the Qeshm island condition. There are many differences between tourism destinations and between tourists according to natural, human, cultural and social condition. Therefore. The CIT index is improved by the paper. In order to improvement, PMV index is compound with data of tourism satisfactions in completing questionnaire from tourist in Qesh coasts. PMV multiplied with tourism data. New values is from -28 to 28. Values -2 to 2 is very good climate condition for tourism and values -6 to 6 is acceptable. Results of the improvement CIT shows that Qeshm Island is unsuitable in six months (from May to October) in year and all of the daily night hours in the same period. This paper try to esurveying tourism climate index in differences condition and different places and destinations and involving tourism satisfaction data in results of tourism climate. It is concluded CIT index is presented in spatial condition and it shouldn’t exclusively in all of the world. Because, tourists has different emotions and interests and perceived climate also is variety. Tourists is different with resident people. New and improved CIT shows actual results and compatibles with space conditions.

Regarding social trends in the contemporary world, cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction has become more important than ever. The aim of this study was to measure the level of cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction of Sheikh Safi al-din Khānegāh as World Heritage Site (WHS). Participants were 400 tourists who visited the universal ensemble of Sheikh Safi and were selected using convenience sampling method. The questionnaire included questions on the motivations of the visit, the satisfaction level of visiting various parts of the ensemble and the services, which were analyzed using SPSS software after finalizing. The results showed the low satisfaction rate of tourists which did not meet WHS standards. There was a high dissatisfaction rate especially among educated people. The study revealed that the satisfaction of cultural heritage tourists on visiting the sites were not considered important for authorities and officials of the Cultural Heritage Organization in Iran; however, tourists’ satisfaction is one of the main factors of sustainable tourism development.

One of the most important requirements of different countries to achieve development is use of transportation methods for movement of goods and services in less time and with greater safety. Construction and exploitation of roads in countries including Iran can cause many problems if they do not pay enough attention to environmental issues. The results of these issues will affect sustainable development. Construction of Tehran - North Freeway is one of the ongoing projects that can have various environmental impacts on Kan Souleghan District. Questions which are raised in this study are on the base of two main areas as follow: What are the impacts of Tehran - North Highway construction on the Kan – souloghan rural area? To reduce the negative effects of the Tehran-North highway on the villages، which strategies can be used to reform and rehabilitate the highway projects? This study is going to explore the effects of road construction on the environment from different aspects. It emphasizes on the natural environment of rural areas، such as Kan-Souleghan district. In this paper، the domination of economic benefits in this area beside other natural environment aspects in rural areas is also going to be discussed. This research has been conducted on the basis of survey approach with applied method. The data has been collected from local community and the expert teams are involving in the road construction. We also got the advantages of using documents addition to field works. Meanwhile observation was a main tool for assessment of the environmental erosion. Understanding a diversity of standpoints often exist with regard to the effects of development projects، an effort was made to capture input from a broad range of places and groups. The groups are villagers of varied ages and both genders، and with different occupations، concerning attitudes towards highway construction. In addition، many informal interviews and discussions were held with the residents concerning their feelings about women participation and their status in family and society. In addition، on-site observations were conducted about the people attitudes towards highway development project. The research has been analyzed on Iranian matrix method، using (Leopold changed model by Makhdoom، 1997). This study conducted many steps as follow: 1. The project was split into components (small and micro-environmental action). It means that the activities may affect the environment in the planning and construction of the highway was determined. 2. Secondly، the relationship between environmental factors and small activities in positive and negative effects were evaluated. The numbers between -5 to +5 Matrix were used to quantify the matrix، which is a combination of a I. Cold and Leopold method. 3. Following the assessment، to determine the effectiveness of the activities and outcomes، number of rows and columns that shows a negative or positive effect، is evaluated separately. Then، the sum of these values is calculated for each row and column counted separately. 4- In the final stage، it will be discovered that whether highway construction activity in general has a positive or negative impact on the rural area، and how these activities should be compatible with the rural environment. As research findings showed، more effects and consequences of the construction of Tehran- North Freeway has negative effects on the environment and also on rural natural resources. For this reason، the final evaluation showed that Project of Tehran- North Freeway is executable only with reforms to improve the construction process and create improvement plans and operational guidelines for the adoption process. In fact، it should be mentioned that construction of Tehran- North Freeway not only has potentially the negative effects but it can facilitate the economic and social development of rural communities. It is therefore essential to reduce the negative effects primarily and secondly to use this potential to benefit rural economic and social development. Thus، in order to improve the benefits of the project and reduce the negative effects of it، the guidelines and recommendations are raised from this research as following: The most important step in the construction of highway is to train the construction team that do the activities such as operating in the field of drilling and other construction efforts. One of the ways of the highway construction process is to improve the method of construction during or before the construction by legislation about protection of rural environment and natural resources. As it is mentioned above، despite the negative effects of highway، it can have the positive effects both on the economy and culture of the villages، as well. To achieve this goal requires greater participation of rural people in the process of the construction of the highway. In general، to achieve these goals three types of actions in this area is required: protective measures (water and soil); the restoration and rehabilitation (effective use، increase in the knowledge and skills of human resources); the measures to increase efficiency (development of natural resources). The results of the research shows that although this project has useful effects in reduction of depreciation of vehicles، saving in time drivers، increase in the national income and reduction of traffic، reduction of fuel consumption، and reduction of accidents causes more safety rather than other roads، it has destructive effects upon the biological، geographical، physical environment and tourism condition of Souleghan District. The results of the model also indicate that this project could be performed by reformation and sanitation. Thus، it has the ability to run different options for reforming and improving the project conditions.

Effective management of land, maintaining national unity and territorial cohesion factors in distributing the national space policy. Persian Gulf has been a long time manifestation of cultural diversities and contradictions within the Shia - Sunni and Iran - in Arabic. In recent decades, there has been an escalation of conflict in the Persian Gulf region and the identification of issues arising from the existence of a ten-year life, the presence of foreign forces in the Persian Gulf, Iran and the West escalated conflicts. Exacerbated concerns about the consequences of spatial and property claims United Arabic Emirates about three Iranian islands and other Arabic countries support the demands of the provincial scheme proposes to provide the name of the Persian Gulf. In this regard, there are several options to consider ¬ Persian Gulf state of it is intended to meet the scattered islands. In this study were examined using descriptive - analytical and using library resources, composed in Persian Gulf poses security functions. The results showed that the formation of a new Persian Gulf through the strategic functions, geo culture, urban geopolitics and geo economics could strengthen Iran's regional and ultimately national security establishment Iranian influence.

Geomorphotourism is one of the new tendencies in relation between geosciences and tourism or special landscapes of geomorphology that raise in geographical and tourism literature focusing on determine special landforms. This branch of tourism achieve potentials in order to sustainable develop by combine cultural, historical and ecological heritage. In this paper is tried to assess capability geomorphosites of road in parts Qom-Kashan freeway using surveys and Pereira method. In this method, according to field studies, realize geomorphologic value for sites in total of two scientific and additional values and management value achieve by combine use and protect values and determine final value for sites by combine this two main values. The results shows that among investigated geomorphosites,in geomorpho-logic value, The highest score belong to the forms of folded Tertiary and the highest score in the management sector (7/37) belonged to the cretc and talus slopes. According to achieved results, planners should be attention to stability geomorphosites because with respect to high sensitivity of these geomorphosites in relation with human systems, comprehensive planning is necessary in order to environmental management.