hassan zareei mahmood abadi

Consolidating families is a crucial strategy that can enhance and ultimately solidify marital relationships. Factors such as emotions, personality traits, and interpersonal intimacy significantly influence family stability, contributing to mental health promotion and overall societal happiness. Thus, this study aims to predict family stability through emotional regulation and sexual self-efficacy while examining the mediating role of marital intimacy.

This descriptive-correlational research targeted all married individuals in Yazd City (with a minimum of five years marriage) in 2022. A total of 200 participants were selected using convenience sampling methods. The study employed questionnaires assessing family stability(Low scores in the family stability questionnaire indicate greater stability), sexual self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and marital intimacy. Data analysis was conducted using Amos and SPSS software packages.

The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between cognitive reappraisal and suppression considering family stability (p > 0.05). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between family stability and sexual self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive and significant association was between sexual self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal, while a negative and significant correlation was observed between marital intimacy and suppression (p < 0.05). Sexual self-efficacy demonstrated a significant direct negative impact on family stability (β = -0.22). In addition, both sexual self-efficacy (β = 0.16) and cognitive reappraisal (β = 0.66) exhibited significant and direct positive effects, whereas suppression (β = -0.46) had a significant direct and negative effect on marital intimacy.

Enhancing sexual self-efficacy along with marital intimacy and effective emotion regulation among couples can create favorable conditions for family stability and  consolidation, marking an important advancement in promoting lasting marital relationships.

Keywords: Emotion regulation, Family, marriage, , Sexual Behavior,  Self-efficacy, Marital intimacy

 Limited studies have been conducted on the effectiveness, applicability, and satisfaction of mind-body interventions as short-term methods that affect body conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of online mind-body interventions versus face-to-face counseling on the quality of life (QOL) of women with PCOS.

 This parallel randomized clinical trial was implemented in Yazd in 2020.  Sixty eligible women with PCOS were randomly allocated to the online group (n=30) and face-to-face counseling (n=30) groups. Eight 120-minute sessions of mind-body interventions were held for both groups, either as online or face-to face. Data was collected using the PCOS Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire (at baseline, week 8 and 12), counseling satisfaction scale (at week 8 and 12), and FBS (at baseline and week 8) in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version22) using T-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

  HRQOL was 94.87±11.75 in online and 90.50±9.76 in face-to-face group at baseline, which increased significantly to 108.53±4.5 in the online and face-to-face groups at week 12, with a greater increase in the online group (P<0.001). Satisfaction with counseling increased at week 12 compared to week 8 in both groups, which was not significantly different (P=0.31). FBS decreased at week 8 compared to baseline in both groups without a significant difference (P=0.26).

 The greater effectiveness of online mind-body interventions on HRQOL in women with PCOS highlights their potential value as telehealth interventions.

The high prevalence of the Covid-19 disease and its rapid infection, the imposition of restrictions, and the high mortality had many negative effects on the psychological and social aspects of bereaved families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling to deal with grief caused by Covid-19 regarding mournful women in Yazd.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with grief experience over losing their husbands due to Covid-19 in 2021. Through available sampling method, 30 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data was collected through Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) by Barrett and Scott (1998). Moreover, the package of confrontation with mourning, a lived experience of mourning women in Yazd (Kalantari et al., 2021), was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. Covariance with repeated measurements and SPSS version 26 software were used in data analysis.

The research findings showed that the average score of grief experience in the experimental group was significantly lower than control group in posttest droup (p<0.001). Group training and intervention program could improve mourning experience in the experimental group compared to the control group in bereaved women.

Educational intervention based on lived experience of mourning women in Yazd can be used as one of the effective methods to improve mourning experience.

  Remarriage to an ex-spouse is one of the most challenging decisions for any man or woman after divorce. It is associated with both positive and negative challenges and consequences. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the consequences and challenges of remarriage with an ex-spouse from the perspective of women and men in Yazd city.  The method of this research was qualitative with grounded theory study. The research populations were all men and women who had remarried with their ex-spouse. The research sample was selected using purposive and snowball sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Semi- structured interview was counducted on them. hence, ten people (7 women and 3 men) were interviewed before theoretical saturation. The results were analyzed using MAXDQDA software. After collecting and coding the data using the Strauss and Corbin method, which was based on open, axial, and selective coding, 292 concepts, 38 sub-categories, eight main categories, and one core category under the title "Family Reestablishment" were obtained. The main eight categories were Social Degradation, Mental Withdrawal, Urge to Remarry, Comprehensive Mediation, Gradual Restoration, Conscious Return, Psychological Hopelessness, and Return of Peace. Results showed that when the family breaks up, various reasons and grounds make them to return to their former life. But in this way, they try to make a successful return with less challenges through changes in their behavior or in the family foundation.

Millions of people's lives, as well as their physical and mental health, were put in jeopardy when COVID-19 emerged. The pandemic resulted in a high death rate. Health protocols prevented the bereaved from attending the funeral. As a result, many people faced unfinished mourning. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the meaning of mourning and the strategies used by bereaved spouses

The research method was qualitative and based on descriptive phenomenological strategy. Among the bereaved people who met the criteria to enter the research, 15 people were selected using the   purposeful sampling method and using semi-structured interviews until saturation was reached. The data were coded using the Colaizi method and finally the results were analyzed using the MAXQDA software.

After extracting the research findings in the form of 460 concepts, 27subcategories, and 9 main categories, they were represented as an educational package. Major themes were the obligation to hold mourning, social feedback from others, gradual healing, the experience of widowhood, existential emptiness, psychological collapse, the progressive repercussions of widowhood, and comprehensive self-talk about complicated pathological
effects of death and mourning

Considering Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the lack of mourning for the loss of a spouse, health care practitioners must address these women's psychological and social needs. Thus, knowing these problems can assist health care workers and bereaved women's families in minimizing the psychological challenges of acute sorrow.

In the COVID‑19 outbreak, women with a history of miscarriage need more mental health. Anxiety and meta‑worry as consequences of miscarriage, besides concerns due to pregnancy during coronavirus, show the necessity of appropriate online and face‑to‑face educational counseling. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online metacognitive educational counseling versus face‑to‑face method on anxiety and meta‑worry in these women.

In this randomized clinical trial, 80 women with a history of miscarriage, anxiety, and meta‑worry referred to Imam Jafar Sadegh hospital (labor, women ward and women clinic), Meybod, Iran, were selected conveniently and randomly assigned into two groups (n = 20/each). The participants received 8‑session metacognitive educational counseling package online or face‑to‑face. Data were collected by Beck Anxiety Inventory, Wellz meta‑worry questionnaire at baseline, week eight, and follow up as primary outcomes and analyzed via SPSS software (Anova and Repeated measure statistic tests).

Anxiety in the 12th week (online group 13.75 ± 3.59 vs. face to face 18.25 ± 5.91, P = 0.04) was statistical significantly less than baseline (respectively 22.15 ± 5.67 vs. 22.35 ± 4.93, P = 0.56); with fewer anxiety scores in the online group. Meta‑worry in the 12th week (online group 11.90 ± 2.59 vs. face to face 15.70 ± 4.06, P = 0.03) was statistically significant compared to baseline (respectively 17.15 ± 2.70 vs. 18.50 ± 3.47, P = 0.36); with fewer meta‑worry scores in the online group. Belief about worry in 12th week (online group 66.50 ± 14.60 vs. face to face 78.45 ± 9.27, P = 0.01) was statistical significantly less than baseline (respectively 85.50 ± 8.87 vs. 86.05 ± 8.85, P = 0.96); with less score of belief about worry in the online group.

Online and face‑to‑face metacognitive educational counseling methods decreased anxiety, meta‑worry, and belief about worry in women with miscarriage. But online educational counseling was more effective. Distance online counseling in COVID‑19 can help the mental health of women with miscarriage.

Parents of premature infants are more likely to be exposed to stressful situations than parents of term infants. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational-supportive interventions on the tolerance of parents of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

In this quasi-experimental study, the participants included 50 parents of premature infants admitted to one of the NICUs in Shiraz, Iran from October 2019 to May 2020. Parents were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Educational intervention (training package and its content) was done in five 45-minute sessions for two weeks and three times a week. The supportive care was provided one day after the intervention. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Distress Tolerance Scale and analyzed by SPSS 24 using paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square test.

The mean scores of the mothers' and fathers’ distress tolerance in the pre-intervention stage were 36.0 ± 6.1, 33.9 ± 7.4 in the control group (P < 0.14), and 38.4 ± 5.8, 38.0 ± 5.9 in the experimental group (P < 0.001), respectively. After the intervention, the mean scores of the mothers’ and fathers’ distress tolerance in the control group were 35.9 ± 5.3 and 36.5 ± 6.3, and in the experimental group 54.7 ± 5.3, 53.0 ± 6.0, which compared to before the intervention showed a significant increase (P < 0.001).

Supportive-educational programs can increase distress tolerance in parents of premature infants. In the future, these programs can be planned to promote the quality of infant care.

The birth of a preterm newborn profoundly challenges the mother to play her parenting role. The care burden of the mother affects the entire family system. This study aimed to identify the impact of family-centered care on the care burden of mothers with preterm newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers of preterm newborns hospitalized in the NICU of the Hafiz hospital in Shiraz were assessed. A four-stage family-centered care program was implemented in the first seven days of the infant's hospitalization. The control group received routine care. The amount of care burden of the mothers was measured using Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS). The two groups filled out the questionnaire at the baseline (third day after admission) and the seventh day after hospitalization.
After the intervention, the mean score of care burden in mothers in the control and experimental groups were 62.73 ± 7.44 and 58.13 ± 8.17, respectively. In the experimental group, the mean score significantly decreased compared to before the intervention. The results of the univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference between the two groups' mean score of care burden and its subscales (P < 0.05).
Family-centered care reduces the care burden of mothers of preterm newborns by emphasizing the helpful presence of the other family members, especially the father in the NICU. The family-centered care approach is cost-effective, feasible, practical, and effective, in addition to the positive effects of parental involvement in the care of the newborn on the process of recovery.

Domestic violence against women is currently one of the most important and characteristic forms of violence against human rights, which is associated with negative psychological and physical health consequences. The persistence of domestic violence causes marital incompatibility and has countless consequences for women. The aim of this study was to investigate domestic violence against married women in Bamyan province (Afghanistan). 

This research was conducted using the qualitative method and grounded theory. The study population included all women with domestic violence in Bamyan province in 2019. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to achieve theoretical saturation. Those women who were eligible for the study were given in-depth semi-structured interviews, and finally 12 women were selected.  The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method with three stages of open, axial, and selective coding.

In this study, 297 concepts, 31 categories, 15 sub-categories, and 5 main categories including cultural poverty, personality problems and husband’s irresponsibility, panic, women's awakening, and low self-esteem were extracted. Also, all these 5 main categories were represented as a sub-category of "home terrorism".

Although women in Bamyan are still victims of domestic violence, increasing women's awareness and education in this field have been able to make women safe to some extent.

One of the most important factors affecting people's mental health and their interest in the workplace is the feeling of job satisfaction. This study aims to predict job burnout based on action flexibility and existential anxiety in female civil engineers in Yazd.

The present applied correlational study was conducted on 150 female civil engineers working in Yazd engineering system in 2019. The tools used in this study were Maslach and Jackson (1981) job burnout questionnaires, Connor and Davidson (2003) action flexibility questionnaire, and Lawrence Goode (1974) existential anxiety questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Smirnov-Kolmogorov test, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data by SPSS 22 software.

The results show that there is an inverse relationship between job burnout and action flexibility, the value of which was obtained (-0.13). There was also a significant and direct relationship between job burnout and existential anxiety, which was obtained (+ 0.44).

This study indicate that job burnout of female civil engineers in Yazd engineering system can be predicted using action flexibility and existential anxiety.

It is proposed that family structure influences adolescent alcohol use; however, the findings are mixed, and no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the evidence.

We aimed to identify the association between family structures and adolescent alcohol consumption through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 2017 for observational studies, which examined the relationship between family structure and adolescent alcohol use. A random-effects model was used to derive the overall odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of alcohol use in different non-intact families compared with intact families (adolescents growing up with both biological parents).

Fifty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 29 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in alcohol use among adolescents with non-intact families (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36) compared with adolescents with intact families in which both biological parents were present. Living with one biological parent, living in a divorced family, loss of parents, and other types of the non-intact family also significantly increased the odds of alcohol use in adolescents (P < 0.05).

All types of the non-intact family were linked to adolescents' alcohol use. The family structure could have an essential role in reducing high-risk behaviors, including alcohol use and its consequences in adolescents.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables affecting family function that is affected by various psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional schemas and marital satisfaction. 

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. Three hundred four married female students of Yazd University were selected by the available sampling method and fill out the marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional schemas (Khanezadeh et al., 2008), and five facet mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. 

The results showed that the model was acceptable for fitting and showed that emotional schemas and mindfulness had a direct effect on marital satisfaction. Mediating results also showed that emotional schemas through mindfulness indirectly affect marital satisfaction and mindfulness can significantly play the partial mediating role. The direct and indirect effects of emotional schemas on satisfaction were negative twenty-three hundredths and negative thirteen hundredths respectively. 

According to the findings of this study, paying attention to variables such as emotional schemas and mindfulness can play a role in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples.

The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of Child Sexual Abuse and Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria questionnaire in adolescents with mild intellectually disabled and with normal intelligence in Yazd. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all boys and girls with mild intellectually disabled and with normal intelligence from public schools in the city of Yazd, Iran, that 300 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The tools were GIDYQ–AA and QCSA questionnaire. The results showed that all correlation coefficients, the questions of GIDYQ–AA and QCSA Questionnaire with the total score and subscales were significant for both groups (p<0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficients calculated for the whole scale of sexual identity for intellectually disabled adolescents, 0.91, with normal IQ, 0.93 and its subscales and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in relation to the total scale of sexual abuse for intellectually disabled adolescent, 0.94, with normal IQ adolescent, 0.85 and its components separately, show the internal consistency of both questionnaires. Overall, the results showed that the scales of Child Sexual Abuse and Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria questionnaire has a desirable and appropriate validity, reliability and it can be used for mild intellectually disabled and normal intelligence teenagers.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with many psychological complications, which require psychological interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation, perseverative thinking, and glycemic index in patients with T2DM

This quasi-experimental study was done on T2DM patients visiting Yazd diabetes center in 2019, 30 men and women were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (90 minutes) of MBCT and the control group received no interventions. In the pretest and posttest phase, data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and fasting blood sugar test. Data were analyzed in statistical package (SPSS 21) using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results showed a significant difference in mean scores of cognitive emotion regulation (F= 9.866 & P-value= 0.0001), perseverative thinking (F= 13.745 & P-value= 0.0001), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (F= 3.679 & P-value= 0.034) in the experimental group before and after the intervention.

Based on findings of the study MBCT by specialists in public and private centers can help improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perseverative thinking, and ultimately blood sugar control in patients with T2DM.

The problems of girls and boys with mild intellectually disable (MID) increases with age gradually. Due to the emerging changes, puberty is a significant period for adolescents with MID. The aim of this study to investigate sexual abuse in girls and boys with mild intellectually disable in the puberty period.

This research is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all boys and girls with mild intellectual disabilities between the ages of 12 and 16 from exceptional public schools and their mothers in Yazd, Iran. 300 MID adolescents (150 girls and boys each) were selected by multi-stage sampling. To study sexual abuse, a self-designed questionnaire was used. The questionnaire comprised two sections. Kuder-Richardson coefficient obtained for boys and girls with MID turned out to be 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Using frequency, percentage, and correlation coefficient (p<0.05). Data were analyzed with SPSS 24.

In this study, 2.67% (n = 4) of girls and 4% (n = 6) of boys with MID were abused. Also, their psychological and physical signs of sexual abuse were assessed (depression: girls,0.75% (n = 3), boys, 33.33% (n = 2), aggression: girls,0.75% (n = 3), boys, 66.66% (n = 4),  avoiding certain adults, 0.50% (n = 2), boys, 33.33% (n = 2), sleep and eating disorder, 0.25% (n = 1), boys, 16.66% (n = 1) . Some of their parents pointed that their children had not received training in this area. There was a significant positive correlation coefficient between the motherchr('39')s educational level and receiving training by schools and family with sexual abuse knowledge (p<0.05).

The irrational reaction of families, the community, and the lack of adequate training lead to an increasein sexual abuse in such individuals. Hence, training these young individuals seems essential both before and during puberty.

Adolescence is an important and vital stage of life that is associated with physical, emotional, and evolutionary changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling approach on health promoting behaviors in adolescents with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 86 students with PMS selected from high schools in Meybod, Iran 2019. They were randomly divided into intervention group (n= 43) and control group (n= 43). The intervention group attended counseling sessions based on mindfulness approach for 8 sessions/2 hours/ a week. Demographic characteristics were recorded and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) and premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) were administered. The scales were completed in both groups at beginning of the study, and at weeks eight and 12 after the intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V19 applying independent t-test, repeated measures test, and LSD test.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables (P>0.05). Before the intervention, there was no difference between the two groups in mean scores for health-promoting behaviors (P= 0.161), but, compared to the control group, the mean scores for health-promoting behaviors in intervention group showed significant increase immediately and one month after the intervention (P<0.001).

Mindfulness- based cognitive therapy was found to be effective in improving health promoting behaviors in students with PMS which could create effective and fundamental changes in adolescents’ behaviors towards achieving a healthy society.
 

Today, marked by advanced scientific approach, urbanism, and changing life style, there is an ever-growing rate of fast-food consumption, which has significantly affected public health. Hence, the present research aimed to predict factors involved in fast-food consumption in light of the prototype/willingness model among the students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

In the present descriptive/analytical research conducted in 2018–2019, 350 students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. The required data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire in light of the constructs within the prototype/willingness model and fast-food consumption behavior. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 16.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics including mean scores, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and linear regression.

Behavioral intention of fast-food consumption showed to be positively correlated with positive willingness, positive prototype, positive subjective norms, and positive attitude toward fast-food consumption. Furthermore, the correlation between positive behavioral intention of consuming fast food and positive subjective norms and positive attitude toward fast-food consumption was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The underlying constructs of prototype/willingness model altogether managed to explain 13% of the total variance of fast-food consumption behavior. Behavioral intention showed to be the strongest predictor of the behavior (β = 1.613).

It is suggested that the preventive measures aimed to reduce fast-food consumption among the youth focus more on strengthening negative attitudes and subjective norms concerning fast-food consumption.

Family function is one of the main effective factors on stability of the family. Family therapy can promote family function and performances. This study aimed to assess the effects of family therapy on family function among couples in Yazd province (Iran) based on the McMaster model.

The research population was selected from volunteer couples in Yazd in 2017 who were invited by publicity announcement to participate in this research. Finally, 40 couples were selected and randomly divided into 2 intervention and control groups. Participants responded to the demographic and Family Assessment Device (FAD) questionnaires. The obtained information was investigated using inferential and descriptive statistics and SPSS 21 software.

The results showed significant differences between the intervention and control groups in problem-solving (p = 0.01), communication (p < 0.0001), emotional responsiveness (p = 0.01), emotional involvement (p < 0.0001), and general function (p = 0.04). The roles and behavior control domains were improved after the intervention in 2 groups, but the differences were not significant.

Family therapy based on McMaster model can promote the skills of problem- solving, family communication, emotional responsiveness, emotional involvement, and general function in couples. Healthy family functioning is an important domain of interest for mental health professionals who provide family interventions. Our findings add substantially to family professionals’ knowledge about patterns of family function in Iranian families.

Drug addiction as one of the major challenges in human societies has many hidden aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to abuse in addicts and non-addicts in Isfahan.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the study population was 200 men (100 addicts and 100 normal people) from July to September 2018 in Isfahan. Samples were selected from the population of drug-dependent and normal men using available sampling method. Allportchr('39')s Religious Orientation Questionnaire, Rutter Control Source, and Abuse Trend Questionnaire were used for data collection

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between religious attitude, locus of control and tendency to abuse. The results also showed that people with internal control locus of control tend to be less likely to abuse drugs, as well as those with an internal religious attitude; less tendency to substance abuse, and finally, religious attitude and locus of control have a key role in drug abuse tendency .

It can be concluded that poor religious attitude and lack of internal control are important causes of addiction tendency.

Community health depends on family health. One of the harms that can shake the foundation of a family is extramarital affairs. Due to the importance of the issue of infidelity and lack of research in the field of relationships outside the framework of women, the present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the causes and contexts of women's transnational relationships from the point of view of injured men. The research environment included the betrayed men of Yazd province. The method of qualitative research and its strategy was the data of the foundation. Twelve people were selected using targeted, theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, 46 concepts, 14 sub-categories and 4 main categories were extracted. The main categories included "distancing" between men and women, "risky interactions", how couples interact with each other, "personality traits", including some characteristics of women, and "emotional / sexual dissatisfaction". The results showed that recognizing and understanding the contexts and causes of women's propensity for extramarital affairs could prevent such harm from occurring in future marital relationships. Therefore, counselors and psychologists can take steps to strengthen the foundation of the family by discovering the context and causes.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important treatments of infertility for couples. The purpose of this study was in vitro fertilization experiences of women in Maybod city.

This study is based on the qualitative approach and Grounded theory method. Under-study populations were infertile females of Maybod City. Cases of the study were 14 women which were selected with purposive sampling up to data saturation. Data of this investigation were collected from semi-structure interviews. After data collection, open, axial and selective coding was performed.

After the first step of coding 348 primary codes were collected and they categorized into five main groups including turning to spirituality, keeping the stability life, overcoming on mutual challenges, mental occupation, and common acceptance.

According to the findings of this study, for women with several unsuccessful experiences of IVF, the main problem related to their infertility is unstable family.

Elderly is an era of life, which affects quality of life; aging changes the thinking ways and reduces the self-confidence.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hope therapy on the elderly quality of life in Mehriz, Yazd in 2016 - 2017. In this controlled study with pre-test post-test design, the study population consisted of all elderly people who referred to daily care centers of Mehriz. The sample consisted of 24 elderly women in the daily care centers, who were divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and awaiting (n = 12).Hope therapy was provided in eight sessions for the experimental group. The instrument used in this research was Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly. The MANOVA results showed a significant difference between the experimental and awaiting groups. In the experimental group, physical function, depression, anxiety, mental performance, and life satisfaction improved, but education did not affect the sex dimension. Hope therapy, was effective on improving the elderly quality of life. The studied training can be used as an effective treatment to improve the elderly quality of life.

Today, couples applying for divorce need more self-efficacy in their divorce management.
Self-efficacy in divorce management helps divorcing couples make the right decision to continue their married life or leave. The present study aimed to determine the effect of divorce counseling based on Gottman's approach on self-efficacy in divorce management within couples who applied for divorce in Yazd. This quasi-experimental study was based on pre-test, post-test, and follow-up method in which the case-control group design was applied. The study population included all couples who applied for divorce in Yazd in 2017. We selected 32 participants using purposive sampling, who were then divided into experimental and control groups. In order to collect the study data, we used Zareei's self-efficacy questionnaire in divorce management. To analyze the data, we run multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), two-way analysis of variance, and repeated measurement tests. The results of MANOVA analysis indicated that the experimental group used self-efficacy more frequently than the control group in divorce management and its subscales. Moreover, analysis of two-way variance showed that gender did not have a significant correlation with the training results. In other words, the effect of education was the same for both genders. Moreover, the results of repeated measurement analysis indicated significant differences between the levels (pre test with post test and follow up). Gottman-based divorce counseling affected self-efficacy in divorce management of couples applying for divorce in Yazd. The effectiveness of this training was the same for both males and females. As a result, for those couples who want to divorce, such training seems to be extremely necessary. 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) disrupts individual and family functioning because of its characteristics. Therefore, the intervention based on patient and family participation can enable the sufferers and their families reach the desired level of functioning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of psychoeducational intervention on improvement of symptoms of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and general family functioning of companions, using the McMaster model dimensions. In this quasi-experimental study, the first population included all the patients who referred to psychiatric clinics in Yazd City, Iran, in 2016 with the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The second population consisted of one member of their family who was selected using purposive sampling method and included 30 patients and 30 members of their family. Of these, 15 patients with their family members were assigned to the control and experimental groups. The patients completed the Yale-Brown questionnaire and the family members completed Family Assessment Device (FAD) questionnaire before and after the intervention. Only the experimental groups received eight intervention sessions. Finally, the experimental and control groups were compared in terms of general functioning and improvement of symptoms. The data were analyzed with SPPS 23.0 using independent t-test and analysis of covariance tests. The difference in the average age and length of marriage in both groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The results of independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in general family functioning (P < 0.05). In addition, analysis of covariance showed that psycho-educational intervention led to significant reduction in obsessive-compulsive disorder in the experimental group (P < 0.05). This study showed that psycho-educational intervention was effective in improving the general family functioning of a companion, and therefore, it was effective in reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) disrupts individual and family functioning because of its characteristics. Therefore, the intervention based on patient and family participation can enable the sufferers and their families reach the desired level of functioning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of psychoeducational intervention on improvement of symptoms of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and general family functioning of companions, using the McMaster model dimensions. In this quasi-experimental study, the first population included all the patients who referred to psychiatric clinics in Yazd City, Iran, in 2016 with the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The second population consisted of one member of their family who was selected using purposive sampling method and included 30 patients and 30 members of their family. Of these, 15 patients with their family members were assigned to the control and experimental groups. The patients completed the Yale-Brown questionnaire and the family members completed Family Assessment Device (FAD) questionnaire before and after the intervention. Only the experimental groups received eight intervention sessions. Finally, the experimental and control groups were compared in terms of general functioning and improvement of symptoms. The data were analyzed with SPPS 23.0 using independent t-test and analysis of covariance tests. The difference in the average age and length of marriage in both groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The results of independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in general family functioning (P < 0.05). In addition, analysis of covariance showed that psycho-educational intervention led to significant reduction in obsessive-compulsive disorder in the experimental group (P < 0.05). This study showed that psycho-educational intervention was effective in improving the general family functioning of a companion, and therefore, it was effective in reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients.