hedayat darvishi

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death and disability, causing an annual death of 1.23 million and tens of millions injured and injured worldwide. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of fatalities and injuries resulting from traffic accidents occur among urban accidents. According to the 2014 report of the Statistics Center of Iran, about 9% of accidents in the city lead to death and 60% lead to injuries. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, patterns of urban accidents in the city of Ardabil were investigated using the GIS. The present study is a quantitative-analytical study. The data required for the study were extracted from the Ardabil Traffic Police as well as the municipal database and the Statistics Center of Iran. The map of Ardabil city areas was used to show the distribution of events. Nearest Neighborhood, Local Moran and Global Moran indices were used to determine the pattern of incident distribution, Medium Center Test was used to focus events, Ellipse Deviation test was used for distribution, and Kernel Density Test was used to identify the focus of the incident. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and ARC-GIS software. The results showed that the central part, northern and eastern suburbs of Ardabil are the most vulnerable areas of Ardabil in terms of intra-city traffic accidents. Intersections, squares and boulevards are the site of most traffic accidents that lead to the formation of accident hotspots

This research aimed to assess rural livability using the Ecovillage model in selected villages of Lorestan province.

A sample of 55 villages in Lorestan was selected using spatial and cluster sampling methods. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) models. Indices were categorized into social, economic, physical, ecological, and information technology dimensions.

The TOPSIS model ranked Darband, Shahpourabad, and Horrabad-e Bala as the top three villages regarding rural livability.

The study indicates that the rural Ecovillage model in Lorestan does not meet desired criteria for livability.

Resilience, which is defined by less vulnerability and more flexibility, faster and more responsive to conditions, and less vulnerability, goes deeper into conceptual areas. Considering the applicability of the objectives of the present paper, explaining the spatial effects of regional equilibrium on regional resilience is the aim of this research. With this description, the strategic question is, to what extent has regional equilibrium been effective in regional resilience? A deductive strategy based on quantitative methodology was used to answer the research question. In this regard, the study’s statistical population, a total of 30 experts and scientific-executive elites working in scientific societies and development institutions, was chosen as a sample using a stratified and systematic sampling method and based on sampling logic. The data collection was done based on a field method, using a researcher-made questionnaire, a data analysis tool, and an inferential method based on the fit indices of the measurement model, structural model, and Smart PLS software. The results show that the indicators of the measurement model are regional equilibrium (6 indices), regional equilibrium (9 indices), and regional resilience (8 indices) with a factor load higher than 0.40, and the data confirm the model. In the study structural model, the accuracy of the relationship between the study structural/latent variables was examined based on the statistics (T-value), which was higher than 1.96%. The intensity of the relationship based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and the measure of impact size (F2) between endogenous and exogenous variables has shown that the relationship between regional equilibrium and regional resilience is confirmed with the accuracy of 0.6%, intensity, and the relationship between the regional equilibrium and regional resilience with the accuracy of 0.65%. Also, the goodness of fit (GOF) = 0.47 of model showed that the model has a strong fit, and the data confirm the study experimental model.

The integrated endogenous regional model as favorable locative-spatial consequences and brings about balanced regional development in various dimensions. Due to the applied nature of this study, its objective as to examine the locative-spatial consequences derived from the integrated endogenous regional development model. Then, the strategic question revolved around the effects and consequences of the aforementioned model. To answer this question, the comparative strategy based on quantitative methodology was used. The statistical population of the study was comprised of the scientific and administrative elites and experts in Lorestan Province of Iran (Selseleh city), from among whom 30 participants were selected systematically and based on sampling logic. Data analysis was done through inferential statistics based on the measurement model fitness indicators and structural modeling in SmartPLS software. The results showed that measurement model indicators of “endogenous integrated model” and “spatial evolution” confirmed the measurement model of the study. In the structural model of the study, the accuracy of the relationship between structural variables / latent variables of the study based on T value was assessed and confirmed. Moreover, based on R2 confident of determination and F2 effect size measure, the strength and effect of the relationship between “endogenous integrated model” and “spatial evolution” was confirmed. In addition, the general goodness of fit (GOF) showed that the model had a strong fitness and the data confirm the experimental model of the study.

Regional development is a multi-dimensional event that has been affected by many factors and components. This event can have a plenty outcome at different territorial and sectoral dimension. As a practical and research objective of this study, on the one hand pattern exploration development and regional balance and on the other hand explore factors, strategies and effect of explored pattern, are the main objectives of this study. Moreover, the methodology of this study is based on inductive approach and qualitative analysis of data with usage of data gathering tools such as questionnaire, interview, observation, and it contains one hundred and eleven codes, thirteen concepts and four categories with use of open, axial and optional coding. The result of this study shows that fundamental phenomenon of pattern exploration and analyzed regional balancing of Selseleh plan, contain integrated development patterning and its localization. This phenomenon is national and regional spatial reflection will, in this regard integrated development patterning and its factor with adapting empower spatial strategy of local workforce leads to place-spatial evolution in society, economy, framework and institutional different aspect.The result of this study shows that fundamental phenomenon of pattern exploration and analyzed regional balancing of Selseleh plan, contain integrated development patterning and its localization. This phenomenon is national and regional spatial reflection will, in this regard integrated development patterning and its factor with adapting empower spatial strategy of local workforce leads to place-spatial evolution in society, economy, framework and institutional different aspect.Key word: Exploration, Non-Governmental, Endogenous Integrated Pattern, Regional Development, Grounded Theory Method, Selseleh Plan

The lack of efficient and principled management in the villages, especially in recent decades, has created problems for the villagers. The traditional management structure cannot solve the problems of a productive and interactive rural society in times of drastic changes. Identifying the dimensions of this vulnerability of rural communities and the response of rural management is the subject of investigation in this research.

Purpose of the research:

 The present study was conducted to analyze the role of rural management in reducing the vulnerability of the lives of villagers in Shurab Dehistan, Chegani County.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study using a survey, and the statistical population under investigation includes 50 people from the villages of Shorab village of Chegani County. The collected data were analyzed in the form of a structural equation model.

Geographical area of research:

Shorab Rural District is in Visian District of Chegani County in Lorestan Province.

The current research emphasizes economic vulnerability as the most critical vulnerability in rural settlements. Among the indicators/items that explain the variable of rural vulnerability, the item of reducing the quality of life and lack of employment, from the item of physical vulnerability, the indicator/item of efforts to improve the physical condition of the village, among the item of social vulnerability, the item/empowerment and capacity building Local people and institutions have the most contribution and influence in rural development and the issue of economic vulnerability/the issue of employing in villages and the development of jobs resulting from rural tourism.

In social dimensions, rural management policies should focus on improving living conditions, improving the level of awareness and skills of villagers, and supporting the rural social network. In economic terms, paying attention to the development of local and sustainable industries, supporting entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas, and ecotourism development can help rural development.

Introduction:

 With the emergence of socio-economic and environmental problems, an approach should be considered that originates from the depths of indigenous ideas. One of the proposed ways in this field as the key to a sustainable world order is the rural ecosystem model. Studies show that on the one hand, the need and importance of addressing livability in relation to the new tasks of rural planning in responding to the needs of post-industrial society, which is strongly in search of facilities and quality of life has increased sharply. On the other hand, viability has become doubly important because of the threats to life today.

Purpose of the research: 

This study has been compiled with the aim of extracting the effective factors and their impact on the situation of rural livelihood in Lorestan province.

The type of applied research is the descriptive-analytical method used. The study area in this study is villages with more than 20 households in Lorestan province. Based on the spatial sampling method, 55 villages were selected as study places to analyze the factors.Due to the effect on the viability of the studied villages, the fuzzy dimmat technique has been usedGeographical area of research According to the latest national and provincial divisions in 1397, Lorestan province includes 11 cities, 30 cities, 31 districts, 87 villages and 3406 villages and its center is Khorramabad.

In order to measure the impact of factors on rural livelihood in Lorestan, components in different dimensions were extracted, which are discussed below.

Total factor analysis showed that the economic factor with a weight of 0.27 in the first place and then the physical-infrastructure index with a weight of 0.25, social index with a weight of 0.23, ecology index with a weight of 0.12, institutional management index with a weight of 08 / 0 and ICT index with a weight of 0.05 are in the next categories. Paying attention to the issue of rural livelihood gives planners the knowledge that in rural areas of Lorestan should first create job opportunities for different age and gender groups in rural areas, government and non-governmental organizations support local entrepreneurs and optimal marketing of rural products the payment. Improving and renovating rural housing, organizing the disposal of human and animal waste in the village, mechanization of agricultural activities and construction of roads, rural roads and passages in their work priority and organizing the economic and physical conditions of the villages to the desired situation first In addition to improving economic and physical conditions, to solve social and cultural problems radically.

Architectural rupture and instability is a pattern of land management with disabilities and theoretical and operational shortcomings that the foundation of this kind of integrated and coordinating approach is always shaken with intensity and weakness. Considering the applicability of the objectives of the present paper, the analysis of effective inadequacies, clustering and analysis of the effects of each factor in the architecture of the planning model and land management policy of the present study is present. With this description, the strategic question is what are the shortcomings (factors) affecting the architecture of the land use planning and policy model? To answer the question, analytical methodology based on Delphi tools and interpretive-structural modeling has been used. The data collection tool and method is based on library method (research background analysis) and researcher-made questionnaire (cross-factor analysis of factors). For this purpose, based on the opinions of thematic experts (15 land management experts), it has been scored and analyzed using Mick Mac software. The results of the research have shown that among the components of "model architecture", "architectural implementation", "monitoring and evaluation" of planning and policy-making, "model architecture" as an intellectual and philosophical foundation with 74.1%, It has the most inadequacies. In addition, among the architectural components of the model, the "principles" dimension has the most inadequacies. Clustering, Analysis, and Distribution of Propellants reflects the fact that most key propulsions related to the components of "principles" and "framework" in terms of pattern architecture with 37% and 36%, respectively, and in the next categories of "pattern management" In terms of "architectural performance" with 27% has the most key highlights.

Introduction :

Tourism is one of the largest and most profitable industries in the world and is used as a development strategy in many countries. The tourism industry is the main source of income and employment in many countries. It also contributes to the growth of non-governmental industries and infrastructure development.Given the importance of the tourism industry in the economic development of countries, it is necessary to identify different types of this industry and pay special attention to the more important types. Sports tourism is one of the growing and popular types of the tourism industry, which has emerged from the link between tourism and sports. Sports tourism is a formal or informal journey that people make for entertainment like watching sports matches. This type of tourism has become one of the important business and economic strategies for income, employment, and infrastructure development in many counties. Statistical data show that the countries with good sports tourism conditions contribute to a large part of their economy by this type of tourism. However, sports tourism can have implications for tourist areas that may benefit from or incur the costs of this development.One of the ways to develop sports tourism is to recognize and use the factors affecting its development. Tourist attractions such as high mountains, snow-covered areas, waterfalls, large rivers, etc. are among the potentials that can be used to develop sports tourism.  The purpose of this study is to identify the potentials of sports tourism and ways to develop them in the study area.

The present research was an applied study. It was conducted based on documentary-survey sources (researcher-made questionnaires). Using the available resources in the field of study, the most important components and criteria affecting the future opportunities and capabilities of sports tourism in Lorestan province were explored. In this regard, due to the diversity of contributing factors and to determine the consensus of thematic and local experts on each of the factors and the importance of each, the criteria have been reduced based on their importance. In this regard, the factors affecting sports tourism were identified by the experts by the Delphi questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using Mick Mac software.

 Discussion :

The findings showed that out of a total of 22 factors, 3 factors were in the cluster of dependent variables, 2 variables were in the intermediate cluster, 5 variables were in the cluster of independent variables, and 12 variables were in the cluster of key variables. This shows the diversity of key drivers in creating opportunities commensurate with tourism potentials. In other words, from the total of mentioned variables, 50% of the drivers are strategic (key) drivers.Of the total effective factors in creating opportunities commensurate with the capabilities of sports tourism, 54.5% were in the cluster of tourism opportunities, and 45.4% in the cluster of sports tourism potentials. Moreover, 54.5% of the factors mentioned in the terms of ‘capability assessment’ and ‘opportunistic proportionality’ were key variables, 22.7% were independent, 13.6% were dependent, and 9.09% were in the cluster of neutral variables.In terms of ‘opportunity’, the factors of ‘tourism identification and extra-regional, national and international networking’, ‘information and advertising outside the region’, ‘opportunity making appropriate with the capability of sports-oriented tourism’, ‘investing in sports tourism in present and future’, ‘tourism development policies and strategies’, ‘tourism business model and structure’ were key factors. The factor of ‘branding (symbolization) and fame of sports tourism and nature tourism’ and ‘accompanying tourists by providing free incentives and facilities’ except for the dependent factor, the factors of ‘institution and organization of sports tourism’, ‘bedding of cheap air transit and network price’ and ‘national and international agencies’ were considered as independent factors. The allocation of advertising funds is considered as a neutral or intermediate factor. In terms of ‘capability’, the factors of ‘tourism stabilization’, ‘attractiveness for out-of-province tourists with the priority of neighboring tourists’, ‘change of aid from agriculture to tourism’, ‘the impact of beneficiaries in the development of sports tourism’, ‘inexpensive tourism’, ‘combined tourism (sports, natural tourism, ecotourism, geo-tourism)’ were of the key factors. ‘Local and indigenous cultural-social reception of tourism’ was a dependent factor, and ‘existing capacity of tourism structure’ and ‘governmental-dependent institutional skillful requirements’ were independent factors.

Sports tourism is an emerging capability that has favorable spatial outcomes at sectoral, territorial, and organizational levels. This capability will have an objective-spatial reflection as a potential advantage when it creates an opportunity appropriate for this capability. In this regard, identifying the effective factors in the spatial development of sports tourism capabilities and future opportunities are essential. Therefore, 22 effective factors and drivers in utilizing the capabilities were identified and analyzed. In this regard, among the variables ‘opportunity’ and ‘capability’, the most influential factors in the current and future situation of sports tourism were the variable ‘opportunity’ with 54.5% and the variable ‘capability’ with 45.4%. This indicates that despite the sports tourism capabilities in the Lorestan Province, the variable ‘opportunity’ has a key role in future planning and achieving the desired spatial organization of sports tourism. The findings of the present study fill a gap in the research background, which can be considered in sports tourism.Major clustering of the effective factors in opportunities and the capabilities of sports tourism indicates that key drivers with 54% were significant. Independent variables with 23%, dependent with 14%, and intermediate variables with 9% were of the other contributing factors. Distribution analysis and the distribution of drivers by key, independent, dependent, and neutral factors indicates that the key factors that should be considered by planners and policymakers in formulating and designing spatial development scenarios for sports tourism are equally distributed in both variables of ‘opportunity’ and ‘capability’. This issue (the equal diversity of the key drivers) is also a new finding that can be considered in future planning related to sports tourism. Besides, among the key factors and drivers in the opportunity variable, ‘attractiveness factors for out-of-province tourists with the priority of neighboring tourists’ and in the capability variable of ‘tourism identity and extra-regional, national and international networking’ have the most impact.

The inefficiency of rural development policy as a multidimensional phenomenon is due to various factors and causes. It has adverse outcomes in rural areas and in different dimensions of the territorial (spatial), organizational and intersectoral activities. Since the present study has practical purposes, the analysis of the effective factors, and analysis of the effects of each factor in the process of inefficiency of rural spatial policies in rural areas are considered. The strategic question is: “What are the factors affecting the ineffectiveness of the planning policy for rural development in Iran?” To answer the question, an analytical methodology based on Delphi tool and interpretive structural modeling have been used. In this regard, a library method (research background) and questionnaires and interviews (experts’ opinions of the National Planning and Budget Organization, and the Provincial Management and Planning Organization- 20 people) were used to collect information. Factors contributing to the inefficiency of planning policy for rural development in Iran were determined. In the next step, using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationships between the factors affecting the ineffectiveness of the planning policy for rural development in Iran were specified and analyzed in a unified manner. Finally, using the MICMAC analysis, the types of variables are clustered according to the reciprocal influence on other variables. The results show that the factors of over-dependence on oil revenues, unstable rural development policy and centralized policy-making system, planning and decision making with the driving power of 16 have had the greatest influence and acts like the base of the model. In order to start and reform the structure of the rural development policy system in the country, it should be emphasized first. The factor of diversity, plurality, dispersion and underdevelopment of rural settlements with the driving power of 1 has the least influence.

The present article is a descriptive survey as well as questionnaire method has been used as an instrument for data collection. The statistical population of the research is consisted of experts of Iran’s Plan and Budget Organization. At the outset, effective factors on deficiencies of the regional development policymaking system (in Iran) were identified as well as the relationship between these major factors were analyzed through using an interpretive-structural modeling (ISM). Finally, by using the MICMAC Analysis, the variables were clustered accordance with their effectiveness and impact on other variables. Results indicate that the lack of well-defined statutory position for regional development policy making has had the greatest impact on reforming the policymaking system mentioned above with the degree 9 of influential power. But the lack of a theoretical approach to regional development policymaking has the least effect with the degree 4 of influential power.

this study aimed to identify risk zoning and development strategies for ecotourism activities, have been carried out in the city of Kouhdasht. The research - descriptive and analytical survey methods and libraries used to collect data. For analyze data from Arc GIS software and spatial analysis models of SWOT model for developing ecotourism sector strategies are used. The results indicate the potential for ecotourism in the northern part of the study area among the diverse activities in this sector, and Rock Climbing Activities is one of the important activity inthe development plan, this field should be considered., Southern parts is in average condition and other parts of the study area are not in good condition. Meanwhile, the strategy should be minimal - at least for development (activities) of ecotourism in the study area should be considered.