hojatollah kakaei

Exposure to various chemicals can occur in the workplace. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among these compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to PAHs and urinary metabolites among built-up roofing installers.

The current case-control study, conducted in 2021 in Ilam City, involved 35 built-up roofing workers as the case group and 15 non-exposed workers as the control group. In this study, in addition to the workers’ respiratory area, samples were taken from the urine to determine the amount of PAHs metabolites. HPLC was used to analyze the samples. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.

The mean concentrations of PAHs including naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorne, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo (ghi)perylene and indeno 1,2,3 cd pyrene were 440.26±80.07, 70.49±24.36, 15.18±5.98, 31.21±10.36, 2.15±1.41, 2.25±0.07 and 1.18±0.06 ng/m3, respectively, in respiratory area of the workers. Also, the average level of compounds 1- naphthol, 2- naphthol, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 3-hydroxyfluorne, 1-hydroxyfenanterol, 2+3-hydroxyfenanterol and 1- hydroxypyrene, present in the urine of the population, was obtained equal to 2±1.02, 6.03±2.5, 0.18±0.15, 0.14±0.1, 0.19±0.08, 0.04±0.02 and 0.34±0.26 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Statistical test showed that the values of these compounds were significantly different in the two groups (p <0.05).

Estimating the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the respiratory area of built-up roofing workers showed the noticeable exposure to these compounds, although lower than the allowable limits. However, due to the high carcinogenic nature of these compounds, it is recommended to use appropriate personal protective equipment such as respirators and appropriate work outfits in addition to the technical strategies to combat the exposure.

Shift work is one of the social phenomena that has its roots in the history of human origin and still exists today for economic and technological reasons. Due to the complications of shift work, the present study was conducted to investigate job fatigue, quality of life, and sleep of shift staff working in Ilam Electric Distribution Company.

In this descriptive-analytical study, all shift workers of Ilam Electric Distribution Company were selected. Data collection tools included the Swedish Job Exhaustion Questionnaire, Quality of Life (SF-36), the Insomnia Assessment Questionnaire, and the Survey of shift workers (SOS). SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze data using independent sample T-Test, One-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. 

Pearson correlation test showed that there was a direct and positive correlation between age and physical function (r = 0.439; p = 0.022), smoking and sleep problems (r = 0.528; p = 0.006), and education and limitation of the role of emotional problems (r = 0.382; p = 0.049). Also, the was a significant indirect correlation was found between age and physical role limitation (r = - 0.501; p = 0.008), shift work with satisfaction with individual life (p <0.045), social life (p <0.038), family life (p <0.023) and family dissatisfaction.

shift working has adverse effects on family satisfaction, circadian rhythms, digestive performance, and mental health. It is suggested that managers be more careful about working hours, work shifts, and rest times.

Human error plays a significant role in the occurrence of industrial accidents. Displacement and unloading operations are operations in which the occurrence of human error may lead to plenty of human and financial losses. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of human error occurrence in overhead crane operators in a Steel Company in Hormozgan, Iran.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted using the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) technique. In this study, the job tasks of overhead crane operators were firstly analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis (HTA) technique. Subsequently, the probability of human error in job tasks was assessed using the SPAR-H technique.
(Ethic code: IR.ACECR.JDM.REC.1399.005)

Generally, five main tasks and 16 sub-tasks have been analyzed in this study. The highest probability of error was related to the three sub-tasks of longitudinal motion, transverse motion, and high and low motion (0.3975). The lowest probability of error was under the duty of recording shift reports, transmitting information orally, and writing (0.05). The results of this study clearly showed the effect of interdependence on increasing the probability of error occurrence.

Based on the results of the present study, some preventive measures were proposed to reduce the possibility of human error, including identifying and controlling job stressors, correcting the ergonomic status of crane cabins, preparing work instructions, as well as training and monitoring their proper implementation.

The novel coronavirus (COVID‑19) has infected nearly 9.5 million people in 216 countries, areas, or territories in the world. The fight against the COVID‑19 has become a very serious international challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of COVID‑19‑preventive behaviors using the health belief model (HBM).

This cross‑sectional study was conducted with the participation of 558 samples from the adult population of Iran. The online convenience sampling was conducted in this research. The online 68‑item questionnaire link was published all over Iran through social networks including Telegram and WhatsApp, which are common in Iran. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Descriptive statistics, bivariate Pearson’s correlation test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

The mean age of the subjects was 33.3 ± 10.01 years. The participants were often female (61.3%), married (57.9%), and resident of the city (81.0%) with university educational level (78.8%). The results showed that the HBM structures predicted 29.3% of the preventive behaviors of COVID‑19 in the subjects. The perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self‑efficacy significantly predicted the preventive behaviors, but the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were not significant in the regression model. The internet and virtual social networks (49.8%), broadcast (33.5%), and healthcare providers (15.8%) were the most important sources of information related with COVID‑19. In response to COVID‑19‑related internal cues to action, 36.6% did not pay attention and 34.7% tried to self‑medicate. Only 28.5% of the subjects referred to the hospital, healthcare center, or physician.

Self‑efficacy, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits were the key determinants of COVID‑19‑preventive behaviors in the subjects. It can be concluded that the HBM is a good tool to predict COVID‑19‑preventive behaviors in Iranian population.

COVID-19 is a communicable disease that is preventable by accessing valid health information.

This study aimed to investigate health information seeking behaviors (HISB) related to COVID-19 in young people.

A total of 258 young people participated in this online study through a convenience sampling method who filled out the HISBC-19 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software by the chi-square test with considering α = 0.05 as the significance level.

Out of 258 participants,105 (40.7%) had very good internet search skills, 77 (29.8%) were good, and 76 (29.5%) were poor. Besides, 194 (75.2%) people started searching for health information from search engines and virtual social media. The highest use of health information sources was related to virtual social media. Also, 243 (94.2%) people reported behavioral improvement after achieving health information. The chi-square test showed a significant difference between men and women in receiving information from visiting the physician or other treatment staff, asking questions from family members, watching satellite channels, and attending workshops and meetings on health (P < 0.05).

The use of internet-based media is one of the most important sources of health information related to COVID-19. Planning to provide accurate health information through reliable sources plays an important role in improving health information in young people.

Musculoskeletal disorders are multi factorial phenomena and they are developed  under the influence of several causes  . Dental jobs involve  risk factors that result in  musculoskeletal disorders, generally  they are divided in to four categories including morphological factors, genetic factors, social factors, psychological factors and biomechanical. In this study regarding  the specific bodily  position of the dentists during their work a survey  has been  carried out on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Ilam city dentists.

In this descriptive analytical study the positions of dentists  working in Ilam city health centres during their work with RULA have been assessed. Skeletal and muscular disorders prevalence rate has been determined by using(Nordic) standard questionnaire

In this study 18 dentist have participated with the mean age of  39/2 years and with the range of  (25 - 47) years of age , from this number  7/16% were  (3 women) and 83/3% were (15 men). The  12 months prevalence of disorders  in different regions of the body were particularly located in the waist  77/8% , both neck and back 66/7 % ,  and the knees 38/9% respectively. The findings obtained from RULA showed that 16/7٪ persons were at the priority correction action level 2 and  83/3٪ persons  were at the priority correction action level 3.

According to the achieved  results due to the pain in different body regions, the dentists  have missed many days of work and daily activities ,therefore designing sports and training programs can be helpful in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

Non-standard equipment in terms of ergonomics has a substantial influence on increasing musculoskeletal disorders, especially for hospital staffs involved with these problems for patient's displacement. This study was conducted to investigate this vulnerable group.
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Imam Khomeini and Mostafa Khomeini hospitals in Ilam in 2012. MAPO Index was used for the study. In this method, several factors including lifting, minor assistance, wheelchair coefficient, etc., are investigated. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS-16 software.
Ninety five staffs of Imam Khomeini and Mostafa Khomeini hospitals were selected from 20 sections who were responsible for the patient's displacement. . The maximum displacement was from bed to wheelchair (Imam Khomeini Hospital 67%, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital 61%). The average final number of MAPO index in Imam Khomeini and Mustafa Khomeini Hospitals was 25.2 and 14.4, respectively, which was much higher than normal (0-1.5).
In this study, the obtained MAPO index number was in red band which indicates a high risk of back pain due to patient's displacement among the personnel Therefore, short-term and immediate planning of health care, the use of appropriate aids for patient's displacement, and training how to correctly displace patients is required in an ergonomic way.

humans are always trying to improve the lives and comfort, and in this way with the acquisition of materials, equipment, devices and technology as well as the additional and new risks exposure. Identification of these risks could have a role in reducing complications. PHA method implementation can help to identify and classify the risks and the events.
This cross - sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah Oil Refinery. The most important tools used in the study preliminary risk analysis, is risk checklist. In this regard, valuable resources are identified and listed, and then the acceptable risk levels and the scope of the assessment were defined. In the next phase, the system hazards were identification, and levels and numbers of risks were calculated.
This study examined 23 refinery units, and a total of 447 risks were identified. The results showed that unacceptable risk levels with 6.4% and the adverse risk levels with 49.22% was lowest and highest risk percent, respectively. The highest number of risk associated with the refining unit with 81 and the lowest was in the Electrical warehouse unit with 2 cases.
The results of this study showed that were the most of risks identified in the adverse levels. To reduce risk level and improve safety, the use of appropriate methods and corrective measures to eliminate, reduce or control risks is essential.

Nowadays, Due to the industrialization process of human societies, Safety experts working on the safety new management and systems to reduce the incidence and severity of possible accidents. Therefore, safety culture promotion is considered as a special approach to HSE management. The aim of this study was to collect information about HSE culture in an electric power distribution and transmission company and to offer recommendations to reduce the probability and severity of accidents. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 employees in the company applying questionnaire of HSE culture in 2013. The Likert's scale was used to evaluate scores. Statistical analysis including T-test, ANOVA, correlation coefficient and variance analysis was applied to assess and analyze data. The study showed that average of ages and experiences of studied employees were 31.52±7.01 and 8.51±6.71 years, respectively. The mean score of the company's safety culture was 182.7±14.821 that the contribution of people with negative safety culture (scores below 177), was 38.5%. There was a significant relationship between safety culture and accidents with experience and also between accidents with job (p<0.05). Education is the most important factor to improve safety culture in this study. Training should be considered for all jobs and for employees with any level of education and incident.