hoseinabolhasan tanhaei

“Conflict" is seen as the essence of the employee -employer relationship in all conventional discourses as dialectic of polar and Hegelian type, where conflict is essentially transformed into contradiction. However, Simmel and Gurvitch attention and understanding of dialectic can bring about fundamental changes in the relationship between employee and employers. The discovery, recognition, and examination of the existing backgrounds and issues and their role in the worker-employer relationship are among the objectives of this research. The research was conducted using an inductive fieldwork strategy with a grounded theory approach. Non-formal observation tools were employed, and the researcher participated fully. Formal and informal interview techniques were also used, and discourse analysis and situational analysis were employed in data analysis. The results demonstrate that understanding roles in the relationship between employee and employers and overcoming the contradictory view of each party can lead to confusion between employee and employers. In other words, the emergence of a multidimensional dialectic instead of a unidimensional or polar dialectic recognizes contradictions and differences, and understanding it can distance oneself from the strategy of constant struggle and replace it with a strategy of negotiation. This strategy can facilitate the interests and demands of both groups.
 
Conflict of interest: According to the authors, the article did not have any conflict of interest.

The culture of demanding and enforcing worker's rights and the way of communication between the employer and the worker in the framework of the social construction of modern economic and production organizations in terms of the characteristic of modernity i.e., individuality and the principle of separation in the sense of mutual understanding of the members of the society have not been properly explained in Iran. "Conflict" as the essence of demandingness in all its forms is seen in conventional paradigms and discourses as dialectical of its polar and Hegelian type, which essentially turns conflict into contradiction. While the attention and understanding of the forms of dialectic considered by Simmel and Gurvitch can bring about fundamental changes in the view of the elements in demands, whether social movements or union demands, and we can witness a reproduction of relationships in all demands. Discovering, recognizing and investigating the role of environmental and historical contexts and elements in the direction of demand is one of the goals of this research. Field research with inductive strategy and abduction with grounded theory approach and informal observation tools were used in the form of full participation of the researcher as well as formal and informal interviews and situation analysis and discourse analysis were used in data analysis. This research showed that the new generation has adapted its way of demands according to the existing conditions and situations, and with pragmatic calculations, it is less likely to engage in union demands of collective and continuous action.

By adopting a sociological approach, the present research tries to study distributive justice feeling among Khorramabad citizens regarding welfare programs of the Iranian Government; meanwhile, it reviews different approaches to relationship between development, distributive justice, and social welfare. The present research was carried out by survey method and using questionnaire in March, 2022. By considering social welfare levels in different urban regions in Khorramabad, the research sampling was designed through integrating cluster sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling with 400 as the sample volume. The results showed that the distributive justice feeling of Khorramabad citizens regarding social welfare was low, and only 2.4 % of the people considered this feeling high. And, regarding its different dimensions, i.e., distribution of job opportunities, employment, and governance, they felt more discrimination, and the feeling came to the lowest point regarding the dimensions of individual freedoms and their use of media and communications.Examining the hypotheses, the results showed that the variables social welfare needs, trust level for welfare programs of the government, and the amount of economic capital are more interdependent with the variable distributive justice feeling regarding governmental welfare programs. The regression analysis findings showed that independent variables predict 50.8 % of the variable variance of distributive justice feeling level regarding social welfare programs of the government. Among them, the net effect of the variable welfare needs ...

The present study explores the narrative put forth by the Iranian cinema about social harms during the 70s in Iran through analyzing two films in particular "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City." The research method of this study is of descriptive-exploratory type, seeking to offer a thick description of the phenomenon under investigation. The study draws on discourse analysis method to analyze the data. To this aim, the films under discussion were categorized into genres or linguistic functions utilizing Ruth Wodak's discourse analysis method. Within each linguistic function, we addressed and answered seven key questions based on Paul Gee's discourse analysis method. The conclusion furnishes an account of social harms depicted in the movies "Two Women" and "Under the Skin of the City" based on the context and conditions of Iranian society throughout the 1990s.The findings of this research indicate that the films from the 70s address various social issues. These issues include the confrontation of two discourses of traditional and modern, resistance of the patriarchal discourse against the discourse of enlightened women advocating for social freedoms, the existence of a class divide between the affluent and the poor in society and more.

This research aimed to study the effect of social indictors on psychiatric disorders through inductive approach. Data was collected by open interviews. Nineteen sample were selected among bipolar disorder patients who were under treatment of psychiatrists. The patients who have not been given accurate information in the interview procedure for that was solved from receiving help by referring to patients’ families and after reaching to the theoretical saturation data collection was stopped. In the data analysis part the open and axial and selective (theoretical) encoding was done and concepts, primary and secondary categories was extracted. Paradigm model also was drawn thus included of extracted categories. The category of cognition social floors was choose as axial category in catching bipolar disease trend. The results showed that social cohesion in family and affective relations was from the most important effective factors in shaping cognition floors that showed tensions and interfamily conflicts and instability of affective relations have been affected dialectical relation of reality and subjectivity. Social cognition among patients in the conflictive relation led to domination of emotions and social affections on family’s relations and finally pushed the activists to outbreak of disease signs. The effect of popular orientations and trust to consultations of inexpert individuals in social cognition caused to disorganization of socioeconomic status, fear of future and frequent outbreak of disease signs.

This research focuses on the narration of social harms within the Iranian contemporary cinema (in 40s to 80s).The research methodology used here is of qualitative nature and an exploratory research that uses a Thick depiction of the phenomenon being studied. Data gathering and sampling is based on a targeted qualitative approach. Therefore, movies produced since 40s to 80s which showcase social problems and harms are targeted and in each decade 10 films with using targeted sampling are chosen as examples.In order to break down and analyze the data’s using discourse analysis method of “Ruth Wodak” and “Paul Gee” each film is divided to different language genres and 7 questions that Paul Gee has brought up for discourse analysis are answered. And also for each film an analyze is presented and social harms which are mentioned in each film are separately written in a different chart.The most important finding of this research is that Iranian cinema (since 40s to 80s) has depicted varying narrations of social harms based on the economical, social, political and cultural setting of the society.

This short article has attempted to show how the most important term in Weber’s methodology, ideal types had been interpreted incorrectly by the expositors of his ideas. As a result, his ideal type has been limited to only two types: sociological ideal type and historical ideal type. And contrary to what Weber has said Methodology of Social Sciences, these two types are often given a subjective interpretation by the expositors.