hossein alaie

 The Family Physician Program, one of the most important efforts of the Iran health system to establish a referral system, was developed and implemented in several provinces, but it faced challenges due to several reasons that prevented the programchr('39')s progress. So This study was conducted to analyze the family physician program to identify the causes and challenges of the program failure.

 This retrospective study of policy analysis is a qualitative study with Purposive sampling. Semi-open interviews and document analysis were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed through thematic analysis in the policy triangle framework using MAXQDA software.

 According to the study framework, the challenges of the Family Physician Program in the context are conflict of interest, dependency of plans to oneself, instability in management and plans, insufficient attention to culture, resources, and infrastructure. In terms of content include disproportionate executive approach, Lack of localization, selection of inappropriate tools, insufficient transparency, and ambiguity in goals, tasks, and responsibilities; The challenges of the process were examined based on the policy cycle.

 The implementation of the family physician program is influenced by cultural, social, political, managerial, and economic factors. As the Ministry of Health officials has re-introduced this crucial program, reviewing the content and methods of program implementation seems necessary.

Deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPs) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease which caused by a mutation in UMPs gene at codon 405 from exon 5 of bovine chromosome no 1. This mutation leads to a premature stop codon, which subsequently produces a functionally impaired enzyme. It is possible to detect recessive genes of carriers using molecular techniques to prevent DUMPs distribution in population which is time- saving and cost-effective with high accuracy. In this study, blood samples were collected from 100 Iranian Holstein cows and 100 Guilan native cows from Guilan province, Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from all blood sample using optimized salting out method. Specific primers were applied to amplify a 108 bp fragment from exon 5 in UMPs gene. In order to identify carrier animals, a PCR-RFLP assay was carried out and PCR products were digested by AvaI restriction enzyme. All samples indicated dominant homozygous genotype and no heterozygosis were observed which maybe explained due to high selection pressure and international reduction of defective gene pool. In view of the fact that there is re-occurrence risk of heritable defects, therefore, widespread screening programs to detect genetic disorders seem to be necessary.