فهرست مطالب jafar ahmadi

Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is a perennial and woody shrub that grows in different regions of Iran and the world. The Berberidaceae family has a high potential in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Elicitors are biotic or abiotic stimulators that can induce responses in plants. Abiotic elicitors are used to increase secondary metabolites in plants. Nanoparticles have minimum dimensions between one and 100 nanometers, which have specific physical and chemical properties. Like many nanoparticles, zinc oxide and cerium dioxide nanoparticles are toxic to living organisms. The mechanism of toxicity of nanoparticles is generally contributed to the induction of oxidative stress which lead to the formation of free radicals. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide and cerium dioxide can increase the antioxidant capacity of plants by stimulating oxidative stress. 

In order to study the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Japanese barberry under the influence of abiotic elicitors, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Imam Khomeini International University in 2019. Treatments were included zinc oxide elicitors (0.1 g/L) and cerium dioxide nanoparticles (0.0002 g/L) and control (no elicitor). In this research, the amounts of protein, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments in tissues of Japanese barberry were measured. Data analysis was done with SAS 9.1.3 statistical software. Comparison of means was done with Duncan's multiple range test and graphs were drawn using Excel software. 

The results of the data analysis of variance showed that the effect of treatment with cerium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle elicitors on the amount of leaf protein, antioxidant activity and also the amount of photosynthetic pigments was significant. Comparison of the means showed that these two elicitors increased the leaf protein content by 26.2% and 12.4%, respectively, compared to the control, but they did not have a significant effect on the root protein content. Cerium dioxide decreased the activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme by 77.1% in the root; But in leaves, the activity of this enzyme increased by 134.8% due to treatment with zinc oxide. The highest activity of leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme (25.2% increase compared to control) was related to zinc oxide treatment. The lowest content of catalase enzyme in leaves and roots was obtained with cerium dioxide and zinc oxide. Zinc oxide increased the activity of leaf ascorbate peroxidase enzyme by 111.8%; In the root, the highest and lowest activity levels of this enzyme were obtained in the control and cerium dioxide treatments, respectively. Both elicitors significantly increased the leaf peroxidase enzyme activity compared to the control (128.6% and 157.1%, respectively); However, only the treatment with zinc oxide caused a significant increase of 25.5% in the activity of this enzyme in the root. The highest activity of glutathione reductase enzyme in leaf and root was observed in zinc oxide treatment (23.3% and 12.5% increase compared to control). Nano zinc oxide increased the amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid in the leaves compared to the control by 93.4 and 67.5%, respectively. 

It was concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticles elicitor had the greatest effect in increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activity. By using this elicitor in Japanese barberry culture, the amount of antioxidant enzymes can be increased and the extract can be used as a strong antioxidant in pharmaceutical products.
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Japanese barberry or ornamental barberry (Berberis thunbergii) belongs to the Berberidaceae family. This family have several properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The healing properties of barberry have been known and studied for thousands of years. In order to study the changes in the physiological-biochemical characteristics of Japanese barberry under the influence of abiotic elicitors, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Imam Khomeini International University in 2018-2019. The treatments included methyl jasmonate elicitors, salicylic acid, titanium dioxide and no elicitor (control) in four replications. In this research, the amount of leaf photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of leaf and root tissues of Japanese barberry plant were extracted and measured. The results showed that the effect of the experimental treatments on the amount of photosynthetic leaf pigments and antioxidant enzymes in the two studied tissues was significant at the 1% probability level. Comparison of the means showed that salicylic acid treatment increased the amount of chlorophyll a and total leaf chlorophyll compared to the control by 20.9% and 21.3%, respectively. Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate increased 29.9 and 19.1 percent of carotenoid content in leaves, respectively, compared to the control. The highest protein content of the root was produced with the use of salicylic acid, which increased by 38.6% compared to the control. The activity of catalase enzyme in the root increased by salicylic acid and titanium dioxide elicitors by 76.8 and 52.2%, respectively, compared to the control. In leaves, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate elicitors increased catalase enzyme activity by 104.1% and 57.1%, respectively. From this research, it was concluded that salicylic acid had the greatest effect in increasing the amount of pigments and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of the Japanese barberry plant, which can be used for medicinal products.

Agilops is one of the most important genetic ancestors of wheat, which is a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeders due to its tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity in 89 Aegilops tauschii accessions collected from different regions of Iran and the countries of Turkey, Afghanistan, Armenia, Sweden and Azerbaijan using 32 microsatellite primer pairs. The averages of polymorphic information content (PIC), Marker index (MI), Resolution (RP) indices were equal to 0.81, 1.82 and 1.88, respectively, which indicated that the primers used are suitable with high efficiency for investigating relationships among the accessions of this species. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the first three components explained 41.88% of the total genetic variance changes. Cluster analysis classified the evaluated accessions into four main groups, which was confirmed by the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). According to the cluster grouping pattern, in some cases the accessions with the same geographical origin were placed in separate groups and also the presence of non-Iranian accessions in the group of Iranian accessions was observed. The results of population structure analysis confirmed the populations genetic exchanges and showed that the classification of the studied accessions is independent of their geographical origin. In general, the results showed high genetic diversity among the studied accessions of Ae. tauschii, therefore, the high genetic diversity leads to finding new allelic sources and introducing desirable alleles, which will be of great value to wheat breeders for use in breeding programs.

In this study, the molecular diversity among 95 accessions of Aegilops tauschii was investigated using a CAAT-box derived polymorphism (CBDP) marker system. Fifteen CBDP primers produced a total of 73 bands (4.87 bands per primer), of which 66 bands (91.9%) were polymorphic. The mean of polymorphic information content (PIC=0.26) and resolving power (Rp=5.62) indicated the capability of this marker system in evaluating genetic diversity in Ae. tauschii. In addition, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci, the number of observed alleles, effective alleles, the Shannon information index, and genetic diversity criterion were estimated to be 91.90%, 1.83, 1.47, 0.44, and 0.27, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that intra-population variation accounted for 96% of the total variance, while the remaining 4% was related to inter-population variation. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into 7 main clusters. Also, according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), accessions were classified into six main groups, where the first two principal coordinates explained 24.19% of the total variation. The results of cluster analysis were relatively consistent with the results of PCoA. In this study, although the CBDP marker system did not completely separate Iranian accessions from other accessions however, accessions from Turkmenistan, Russia, Georgia, Turkey, Japan, and Kosovo were grouped in separate clades. Overall, the results showed that the CBDP marker system effectively identifies polymorphisms in the studied accessions. The results of this research suggest that the studied CBDP markers can be used in genetic fingerprinting and analysis of relationships between wheat and its related germplasm to evaluate various agronomic traits as well as tolerance to environmental stresses.

One of today's important needs that jurisprudence and legal rules must respond to is the demand for damages that, due to the delay or non-fulfillment of the obligation by the oblige, lead to the loss of the opportunity to gain benefits or the occurrence of possible future losses for the obligee. Undertakes In the past, many jurists were of the opinion that only certain losses can be claimed, and because the opportunity to gain benefits or avoid future losses has not reached the certainty stage, the losses resulting from such cases cannot be claimed. does not have However, the investigations carried out in the works of jurists show that nowadays there is a consensus on the ability to claim and compensate for the loss of opportunity. Based on this, this article has tried to prove with a descriptive and analytical method that not only due to several jurisprudential rules such as "harmless" and "waste", the loss caused by the loss of the opportunity to delay the payment of monetary obligations can be claimed, but the approach of the year The recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the country and the generality and legal principles governing civil liability, including the principle of full compensation for damages, also indicate this.t can also be concluded from the legal principles and provisions of the mentioned unanimity votes that, contrary to the current opinion, the damages for the delay in payment of cash are allocated to the same item specified in Article 522 of the Civil Procedure Law and it does not have a determining index and it seems that the legislator in the said article merely The minimum damages are predicted and the oblige has the possibility to demand all customary damages. The doubt that may be raised regarding the possibility of claiming damages for the delay in payment due to the loss of opportunity and the ability to collect it with the damage caused by inflation is that by accepting this point of view, the situation of the injured party will be better than before the loss, which should be said to dispel this doubt. According to the accepted way of compensation, usually the amount of compensation is not equivalent to the amount of actual damages caused to the victim and depends on the amount of lost luck and opportunity, although in the evaluation of the amount of damage, the future benefit and the degree of its probability are taken into consideration.

Legumes are the most economically important food source for humans due to their protein richness, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. Chickpea yield in spring-planting under dryland cropping decreases due to increasing temperature and day length and the occurrence of end-season drought and exposure to important pest's activity. In autumn-planting, early flowering, escaping from pests and optimal use of annual rainfall help to significantly increase in grain yield. Increasing the growth period during autumn planting has been found to result in taller plant height, making mechanical harvesting more feasible. The success of a plant breeding program relies on implementing a suitable selection design that takes into account both correlated and non-correlated relationships. Recently, a significant positive correlation has been observed between grain yield and several traits such as the number of pods, number of seeds, 100-kernel weight, and harvest index in chickpea. These traits were also found to have a direct and significant effect on chickpea grain yield. Additionally, there was a high direct effect observed for pod number, number of seeds, 100-kernel weight, and single-seed weight on chickpea grain yield.

This research was conducted on 112 chickpea genotypes in dryland spring-planting (non-cold stress condition) and autumn-planting (cold stress) based on augmented design in Dryland Agricultural Research Institute located in Maragheh. Total pods number, number of empty pods, number of tow-seed pods, plant height, first pod height from soil level, number of pods with one seed, days to maturity initiation, days to 90% maturity, 100-kernel weight, pod diameter, pod length, biomass, harvest index, fertility percent and single-plant yield were meassured. The correlation analysis, stepwise regression and path analysis, and principal component analysis were used for identifying the relationships among agro-morphological traits.

In autumn-planting condition grain yield positively correlated with all traits except days to 90% maturity, but in spring-planting condition the correlation between grain yield and first pod height, days to maturity initiation, days to 90% maturity, 100-kernel weight, pod diameter and pod length were not significant. In spring-planting, 100-kernel weight and total pods number were negatively correlated. In both spring and autumn-planting, the 100-kernel weight showed a significant positive correlation with pod diameter and pod length. This indicates that genotypes with larger pods also tend to have larger seeds. Furthermore, in autumn-planting, there was a significant positive correlation between pod diameter, pod length, and grain yield. However, these correlations were not significant in spring-planting. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to assess the factors influencing grain yield in both planting conditions. In spring-planting, the number of total pods, 100-kernel weight, fertility percent, and the number of two-seed pods were found to have direct and significant effects on grain yield. On the other hand, in autumn-planting, the number of total pods, pod length, number of empty pods, 100-kernel weight, and the number of two-seed pods were included in the final model as predictors of grain yield. These results suggest that these factors play a crucial role in determining grain yield in their respective planting conditions. In spring-planting, the genotypes 108, 63, 65 and 99 had the highest number of total pods, number of single pods, biomass and plant yield and genotypes 55, 76, 81, 82, 84, 85 and 88 had the highest weight of 100-kernel, pod length and pod diameter. In autumn-planting, the genotypes 87 and 22 had higher biomass and grain yield, genotypes 45 and 65 had higher total pods and number of single pods, genotype 89 had higher total pods and biomass and genotype 94 had higher total pods, number of single pods, biomass and yield.

Correlation analysis results showed that in non cold stress condition (spring-planting), due to the short growth period, the significant relationship of most important agronomic traits with grain yield were not revealed and important components such as 100-kernel weight did not have enough opportunity to significantly affect grain yield. In spring-planting, total pods number had a high direct effect and correlation coefficient with grain yield, but the indirect effect of this trait through 100-kernel weight on grain yield was negative because increasing the number of total pods causes decreasing the kernel weight. In autumn-planting, despite the high direct effect of total pods number on grain yield, due to the indirect negative effect through the number of empty pods, the correlation coefficient of total pod number with grain yield was not very high. Finally in order to increase grain yield in chickpea genotypes in breeding programs it is recommended that under cold stress and non-stress conditions, selection should be based on the number of total pods per plant, which is a visible trait and easy to measure.

To determine the ideal genotypes in terms of the quantity and quality of fruit, 32 genotypes of greengage were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj during two cropping seasons 2018 and 2019. To evaluate the genotypes and to determine the ideal genotype, 26 traits related to fruit, fruiting and yield were used. Combined variance analysis of data showed that the genotype source of variation was significant for all studied traits at the level of 0.01 probability level. ASIIG index showed that the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Malayer, and Gojeh Siah are the best and most desirable genotypes with an index higher than 55%, respectively. Also, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht, Gojeh Qomi, and Gojeh Holandi with ASIIG index higher than 49% were ranked next. The grouping of genotypes using ASIIG method diagrams, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were located in the ideal quartile. Using cluster analysis, the genotypes CodR, Cod100, black, and Malayer as well as completely ideal hypothetical genotype (+) were placed in a group at a distance line of 0.018. According to the results of this study, seven genotypes CodR, Cod100, Cod98, Cod99, Gojeh Malayer, Gojeh Siah, and Gojeh Baghi Qasr Dasht were selected as the ideal genotypes in terms of fruit quantity and quality. Finally, due to the high benefits of the ASIIG index, it was suggested that this index can be used in other horticultural products to determine the ideal genotype.

One of the basic requirements before starting any breeding program is to identify the relationships and genetic diversity in the population and to recognition the target traits. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among some European pear cultivars using fruit's key traits of these cultivars. Eleven European pear cultivars were used for this study along with two control cultivars Shahmiveh and Sardrodi. Thirteen cultivars were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and during three crop years ten key traits including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit texture firmness, fruit length to diameter ratio, TSS, pH, acidity, fruit set and fruit yield were recorded for each tree. Combined variance analysis of the data showed that the cultivar component was significant for all studied traits at the level of 1% probability. The highest fruit weight among the cultivars belonged to Nart cultivar with an average fruit weight of 374.38 g and the highest fruit yield belonged to Mellina cultivar with a yield of 10.07 kg per tree. With the principal component analysis, the studied traits in the first four components explained 87.66% of the total variance. With cluster analysis, Nart cultivar was placed in a cluster alone due to the high differences in its traits and appearance, and Decandel, Pacham's Triumph, Abate fetel and Mellina cultivars were distinguished as superior from the two control cultivars due to their favorable fruit characteristics.

Aluminum phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate because of the production of phosphine gas and refractory hypotension. Based on the effect of dihydroxyacetone on the treatment of hypotension and reduction of cytochrome C oxidase, the effects of dihydroxyacetone on the level of oxidative stress factors and histology of heart and liver tissue in aluminum phosphide-poisoned male rats were investigated.

In this study, 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including control (corn oil), aluminum phosphide (15 mg/kg), dihydroxyacetone (50 mg/kg) and also poisoned and treated group (aluminum phosphide (15 mg/kg) + dihydroxyacetone (50 mg/kg)). After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed and the blood, plasma, heart, and liver samples were collected then oxidative stress factors and histology of the heart and liver were investigated.

Aluminum phosphide poisoning increased lipid peroxidation in red blood cells (p=0.001) and liver tissue (p=0.023) and also increased protein carbonylation in plasma (p =0.005) and red blood cells (p=0.001). After administration of dihydroxyacetone, lipid peroxidation in red blood cells (p=0.001) and liver (p=0.001) and carbonylation of proteins in red blood cells (p=0.003) and plasma (p=0.019) decreased. No significant change was observed in total plasma antioxidant capacity, carbonylation levels of the liver and heart, and lipid peroxidation in heart tissue. In addition, treatment with dihydroxyacetone significantly improved the histological changes in liver and heart tissue.

Dihydroxyacetone not only prevents phosphine-induced deaths but also improves oxidative stress and histology of liver and heart tissue.

The present study was conducted to investigate cerebrovascular accidents in brain computerized tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients during 6 months in Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran.

The present research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included the records of all patients referred to Ali Ibn Abi Taleb Hospital from October 2019 to March 2020, whose corona test results were positive and they underwent brain imaging (computerized tomography [CT] scan). The results were obtained from the patient’s files and the census sampling method. After collecting the data, SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed no relationship between the variables of age, sex, medical and drug history, disease severity, and outcome (death, recovery) with the occurrence of acute cerebral hemorrhage (P>0.05). However, a relationship is observed between the variable of medical and drug history, disease severity, and outcome (death, recovery) with the incidence of ischemia (P<0.05)

Considering the relationship between the patient’s medical and drug history, the severity of the patient’s disease, and the outcome (death, improvement) of the disease on the patient with the occurrence of acute ischemia, it is suggested that the results of this research be investigated more precisely.

In order to determine the desirability based on the qualitative and quantitative traits of the fruit, 11 cultivars of apple spore type along with control cultivar Golden Delicious were used. These cultivars were evaluated in Kamalshahr Horticultural Research Station of Karaj during two crop years (2011–2012) in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and fruit related traits including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, acidity percentage, TSS, fruit yield, fruit–set % and number of fruits per tree were recorded during two years. Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of year was significant only for fruit diameter and fruit weight at the probability level of 5 % (P≤0.05). The effect of cultivar on all traits, except fruit–set %, was significant at the probability level of 1% (P≤0.01). The highest fruit yield was observed in Yellowspur cultivar with a value of 23.39 kg per tree. Using specific scores as the weight of traits, adjusted selection index of ideal genotype (ASIIG) was calculated and it was observed that Yellowspur cultivar with an index value of 78.16 % similar to the ideal genotype has the highest desirability among the cultivars and Yellowspur along with Golden Smoothie and Deliciousspur cultivars were more desirable than Golden Delicious cultivar. The graphs obtained from the adjusted selection index of ideal genotype with appropriate grouping of experimental cultivars identified only Yellow spur cultivar as a completely desirable cultivar.

The objectives of this research were study of genetic diversity in Iranian and foreign pistachio cultivars using CBDP markers and the efficiency of these markers in differentiation and grouping of cultivars.

In this research, genetic diversity of 73 cultivars (63 Iranian and 10 foreign cultivars) was evaluated using 25 CBPD primers.

The results showed that, the bands polymorphism for Iranian and foreign cultivars was 77.56% and 67.80%, respectively. The PIC mean for CBPD markers was 0.76 and all CBDP primers had a high ability to separate pistachio cultivars. The MI mean for CBDP primers was 2.65 and CAAT2 primer showed the highest MI (8.52) value. Analysis of molecular variance determined 4% inter-group diversity and 96% intra-group diversity for studied genotypes. Gst value 0.04 verified low inter-group diversity as well. Nm value 11.03 showed the gene flow between foreign and Iranian pistachio cultivars. Iranian cultivars had higher values than foreign cultivars in terms of both Nei and Shannon gene diversity indices as well. Cluster analysis using Jaccard matrix and UPGMA method was performed and the results showed, the average of similarity coefficient between cultivars was 0.68 and the pistachio cultivars were divided in three main groups, in which the main groups were subdivided into several subgroups. The principal coordinate analysis also confirmed the result of the cluster analysis.

In conclusion, the use of CBDP markers is suitable for studying the genetic diversity of pistachio cultivars. Also, the efficiency and differentiation power of CBDP primers was confirmed due to the high mean of PIC and MI.

Corona virus, by targeting cellular antigens, causes severe infection and disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ABO blood types in patients with Covid-19.

In this descriptive study, 343 patients with Covid-19 admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb (AS) Hospital in Rafsanjan in the first half of 1399 were included in the study by available means. The study checklist including demographic characteristics, along with blood type, HRCT-based pulmonary involvement and disease severity based on clinical signs was completed. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

Out of 343 subjects, 108 (31.5%) were blood type B, 102 (29.7%) were blood type O, 98 (28.6%) were blood type A and 35 (10.2%) ) Had blood type AB. The results of regression analysis showed that the severity of the disease was 31.9% higher in people with blood type O than in people with blood type A. Also, the rate of pulmonary involvement in people with blood group B was 16% and people with blood group AB was 20.6% and people with blood group O were 39.8% lower than blood group A.

The chance of disease severity was lower in blood group B and higher in blood group O than blood group A, although this chance was not significant. Also, the severity of pulmonary involvement was lower in blood group O and higher in blood group AB than blood group A, which was not significant.

Safflower is an important drought and salt tolerant plant adapted to the climate conditions of Iran. Multi-environment trials play an important role in crop breeding programs to identify genotypes with high and stable yield. In the present study, yield stability of 17 safflower genotypes were tested under the rainfed condition in a three years trials based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications at Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station during 2004-2006 cropping seasons. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that main effects of genotype and environment on the stability of Safflower Seed Yield were significant at 1%, and GEI was significant at 5% probability level. The results of analysis of variance showed that 45.2% of total variation was due to environment while 26.0% of variation was belonged to genotype and G×E interaction. GGE (G plus GE) biplot model was used to evaluate seed yield stability in safflower genotypes. The first two principle components (PC1 and PC2) together explained 94.2% of the total variability, therefore most of the information could be graphically displayed in the PC1 vs. PC2 biplot. The biplot of comparison of the safflower genotypes with the ideal genotype revealed that Sina, Syrian, Cyprus Bergon and Cw-4440 were the closest genotypes to the ideal cultivar, and Esfahan, Cw-74 and Hartman had the most distance from the ideal cultivar.

The structures from which mature microRNA molecules can be derived (i.e., pri-microRNA and pre-microRNA) have special properties distinguishing them from similar molecules and make them identifiable for enzymes and processors. These properties are mostly influenced by the characteristics of the secondary structure of the RNA molecule. Therefore, several algorithms have been designed to predict the secondary structure of polynucleotide sequences. CTAnalyzer is an algorithm aimed to digitalize the characteristics of RNA secondary structures and categorize these structures using key properties in identifying microRNA molecules. In the current research, CTAnalyzer, by defining adequate filters and rulesets, was used to examine and categorize the derived secondary structures from the genome sequence of Azadirachta indica. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of CTAnalyzer in identifying the structural details of double-stranded RNA and categorizing them based on their structural properties. For this purpose, a similarity alignment was conducted between known viridiplantae mature microRNAs and the whole genome sequence of A. indica using BLASTn algorithm. Following the bidirectional elongation for 80217 identified regions across A. indica genome with adequate homology and also the exclusion of coding sequences, the secondary structure prediction procedure was carried out for the remaining 38067 sequences. The agreed values of criteria for microRNA secondary structures was defined in the software and could to identify candidate microRNA sequences. According to the results obtained from CTAnalyzer, out of all the 566754 evaluated secondary structures, 482 (~%0.08) structures with all properties accepted for microRNAs were identified.

Genetic diversity is the basis of breeding programs and allows plant breeding with desirable traits and characteristics. Aegilops spp. is one of the wild relatives of bread wheat and has a large distribution in the Middle East and West Asia, with Iran covering a large part of this region. In this research, 154 native populations of Aegilops triuncialis L. from the National Iranian Genetic Bank were evaluated in an Agement block design with three replications. Evaluation of morphological traits was carried out according to the instructions of the International Institute of Genetic Resources. According to the results, the highest genetic diversity was related to the Aegilops triuncialis populations of East Azarbaijan and Ghazvin provinces, and the least diversity was in the populations of Kurdistan and North Khorasan provinces. In terms of diversity coefficient of qualitative traits, the accessions of East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan and Zanjan provinces in most of the traits have the highest indices and the accessions of Semnan province were in most of the traits lacking diversity. Correlation analysis showed that spike and stem traits had the highest correlation coefficients. Based on the cluster analysis of the accessions with morphological traits, in some cases, the grouping pattern was matched with the geographic distribution of the accessions. Given that the use of wild wheat relatives in breeding programs requires genetic diversity, the results of this study emphasize the importance of Ae. triuncialis species as a source of valuable genes that have high genetic potential for wheat breeding.

In this paper, the lifetime model based on series systems with a random number of components from the family of power series distributions has been considered. First, some basic theoretical results have been obtained, which have been used to optimize the number of components in series systems. The average lifetime of the system, the cost function, and the total time on test have been used as an objective function in optimization. The issue has been investigated in detail when the lifetimes of system components have Weibull distribution, and the number of components has geometric, logarithmic, or zero-truncated Poisson distributions. The results have been given analytically and numerically. Finally, a real data set has been used to illustrate the obtained results.

Metabolic syndrome can be considered as a combination of metabolic disorders that may led to an increased risk of some diseases such type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, and is the cause of mortality from coronary artery disease. Its prevalence is particularly high in women. There is evidence that pancreatic fat, as a key factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome, numerates as an early indicator of abnormal fat deposition.

In this study, we enrolled 262 patients, who were admitted to Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan city, using the non-random-sequential method. Data collection tools were a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics (age, sex, history of diseases, etc.) and a checklist including MetS (based on NCEP/ATP III criteria and Diabetes Committee), pancreatic density (P), and spleen (S) and pancreatic index (P/S). One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc and Chi-square tests were used for statically analyses.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.8%, index of pancreas in the group without and with metabolic syndrome were 0.85 ± 0.11 and 0.74 ± 0.29 Hounsfield Units, respectively.

Compared with the group with at least one criterion and the group with the complete criteria (p = 0.013), pancreas index was higher in the group without metabolic syndrome.

Genetic diversity is the basis of plant breeding that allows selection and improvement of plants with desirable traits and characteristics. Aegilops spp. is one of the wild relatives of bread wheat and has a large distribution in the Middle East and West Asia, that Iran covering a large part of this region. In this study, 75 accessions of Aegilops triuncialis species, stored in the National Genetic Bank of Iran, were evaluated for the diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) using SDS-PAGE method. Generally 10 protein bands in 20 different patterns were observed among the samples. The highest band frequency was for bands h and i with frequency of 0.93 and the least frequency was related to band k with frequency of 0.026 that was observed only in Qazvin and Golestan provinces. The highest corrected genetic variation (uh) was observed in Markazi province (0.4) and the least corrected genetic variation was for Kurdistan province (0.13). The genetic distance matrix of the provinces based on Nei index showed that the highest distance was between Golestan and North Khorasan provinces with West Azarbaijan province, and the lowest genetic distances observed between Khorasan Razavi and Semnan provinces as well as North Khorasan and Mazandaran provinces. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method divides the studied provinces into three groups. There was a clear logical relationship between genetic diversity and geographical variation.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of 140 barley advanced lines, using Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (SIIG) and Adjusted Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (ASIIG) indicators for introduction and cultivation of suitable lines in rainfed conditions. The highest coefficient of variation was related to the type of spike, flag leaf area, seeds per spike, peduncle length, flag leaf width, and early growth vigor. The stepwise regression showed that the early growth vigor, 1000-seeds weight, spike type, days to heading, plant height, number of seeds per spike, and flag leaf length were the most critical components, which affect the grain yield under the rainfed conditions. The results of SIIG showed that lines 4, 43, 47, 40, 70, 96, 137, 3, 57, and 45 were the best lines with the highest SIIG values. The SIIG index divided all lines into seven groups; the average grain yield of lines in groups I and II were higher than the average grain yield of control cultivars and the other groups. According to ASIIG plots, lines 47, 3, 43, 45, 137, 96, and 40 were placed in the ideal quarter. Finally, the SIIG and ASIIG were compatible in selecting the best lines. ASIIG was more suitable for separating the ideal lines, because it participated all traits commensurate with their importance in the end product quantity and quality.

Liver abscess can be defined as an accumulation of secretions within the liver parenchyma, which may be caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic microorganisms. In this study, we reported a case of liver microabsorption in a 16-year-old girl with no history of underlying diseases, which could ultimately lead to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease in this patient. The patient was a 16-year-old girl presenting with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Of the accompanying symptoms, she mentioned two occasions of fever and chills. The patient was also hospitalized a week ago and in the tests performed, the number of white blood cells was 12,400 and the positive occult blood test in the fecal test was 8-10 red blood cells and 4-45 white blood cells. She was treated with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis and was discharged with partial recovery. There was nothing special in the examination. The only ultrasonography revealed the presence of free fluid in the loop near the ovaries. The patient-specific tests that were requested were all normal. Repeat ultrasonography of the patient reported normal liver with numerous hypovaccal nodules in the entire parenchymal artery, which had increased in size and number compared with the previous assessment. Finally, the patient was discharged 5 days after the fever stopped and due to the improvement of her general condition with the prescription of levofloxacin and metronidazole, and was referred to the clinic one week later In this case, we attempted to review the literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatic abscess for a physician.

This research aimed to estimate the nucleotide polymorphism and point mutation/substitutions for ITS2 region in 12 different Triticum and Aegilops species, and to demonstrate their phylogenetic relationships. The aligned ITS2 dataset showed a total of 67 SNPs and transitions (75%) predominant over transversions (25%). The C/T transitions were observed at highest level in the studied species. The highest nucleotide substitutions occurred in ITS2 sequences of T. aestivum, T. turgidum, and A. speltoides that showed similar substitutions on the base sites 76, 193, 215, 230 and 241 (TCCAG changed to ATTTA). T. boeticum and T. urartu showed similar substitutions on the base sites 85, 201, 231, 234 and 252 (GTGCC changed to AGATA). Remarkably, the nucleotide of base site 146 was C in all Triticum species, but T in all Aegilops species. The substitution rate in A. neglecta, and A. umbellulata was zero, it was concluded that their ITS2 is conserved. The secondary structures of ITS2 in the studied species was similar to that of the other flowering plants with four helices and the variation in helices length. The helix III had the longest length compared to the other helices. The length ranges of helices I, II, IV varied from 9 (T. turgidum, and T. urartu) to 10, 11 (A. cylindrica) 13 and 6 (A. speltoides) and 10 (T. boeticum) paired bases, respectively. Using pairwise ITS2 nucleotide comparisons, the closeness of A. caudata with A. cylindrica, T. boeticum with T. urartu, A. neglecta with A. umbellulata was observed. Phylogeny trees classified 12 species into four main clades. The highest point mutations occurred in ITS2 sequences related to the species grouped in the first clade.