khadijeh irandoust

 The objective of this narrative review is to systematically evaluate the combined effects of aerobic exercise and fasting protocols on obesity control in women.

Methods and Materials:

 A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies included involved adult women with overweight or obesity, investigating the effects of aerobic exercise, fasting protocols, or their combination on weight loss and metabolic health. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and key findings. The quality of the included studies was assessed using standardized tools, and a descriptive analysis approach was employed to synthesize findings.

 The review found that both aerobic exercise and fasting protocols individually promote significant weight loss and improve metabolic health markers in obese women. Combined interventions lead to greater reductions in body weight and fat, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved lipid profiles compared to either strategy alone. For instance, combining aerobic exercise with intermittent fasting resulted in weight loss of up to 10% over 12 weeks, and a significant reduction in body fat percentage. Improvements in inflammatory markers, such as a reduction in CRP levels by 20%, were also noted. The synergistic effects are attributed to complementary mechanisms, including enhanced energy expenditure, improved metabolic flexibility, hormonal regulation, and reduced inflammation.

 Combining aerobic exercise with fasting protocols is a highly effective strategy for obesity control in women, leading to significant and sustained weight loss, improved body composition, and enhanced metabolic health. These interventions are supported by robust mechanistic insights and practical benefits, making them a valuable addition to comprehensive obesity management programs. Further research should focus on long-term effects, optimal protocols, and diverse populations to refine and expand the application of these combined approaches.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation on the progression of colon cancer in rats and changes in the effects of IGF1 and myostatin on muscle tissue and the shape of fluctuations in atrophy and muscle wasting.

The subjects of this study included 25 male Wistar rats (weight: 250± 30 g, age: 12 weeks) which were homogenized by weight and randomly divided into 5 groups (5 heads in each group) of healthy controls. Cancer control group, cancer group + quercetin supplement, cancer group + aerobic exercise, cancer group + quercetin supplement + aerobic exercise was evaluated. Measurements of IGF1 and myostatin in muscle tissue of rats were performed according to the standard and ELISA method. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic training in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer had a significant effect on the mean values of myostatin (p = 0.005) and IGF1 (p = 0.019). 8 weeks of quercetin supplementation in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer had a significant effect on mean myostatin and mean values IGF (P <0.05) in the control and experimental groups (8 weeks of quercetin supplementation) had no significant effect on mean myostatin and IGF1. (P>0/05)

In general, the findings showed that aerobic exercise and quercetin supplementation improve IGF1 and reduce myostatin in muscle tissue of mice with colon cancer.

 the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cumin intake following partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats and some cardiorespiratory indices in student-athletes.

The present study was quasi-experimental and the research design was cross-sectional. The statistical population included all female student-athletes of Imam Khomeini International university (Age: 18-25 years), of whom 8 students were chosen based on convenience sampling method (Age: 20.01± 53 0.53; height 163.50± 6.57 cm;, weight 56.54± 2 2.54 kg; body mass index 21.19 ± 1.85 kg / m2; maximum oxygen consumption 87 58.30±5.5 kg / min and heart rate 93.63 ±5.15 beats per minute). The main group consisted of 8 subjects who were initially tested as a control group; they were then tested again as placebo and supplement groups after a seven-day wash out period, respectively. PSD was performed for 4 hours the night before the test. Exhaustion was measured and recorded by Bruce treadmill test; cardiorespiratory parameters, carbohydrate and fat oxidation were analyzed by gas analyzer.

The results suggested that carbohydrate oxidation increased at the time of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in the cumin supplement group (p≤0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation and respiratory exchange ratio also increased at the time of anaerobic threshold and Vo2max in cumin supplement group (p≤0.05).

In summary, it can be said that taking cumin pills improves the performance of sleep deprived athletes.

This narrative review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the influence of exercise on sleep quality, exploring how various types, intensities, and timings of exercise impact sleep across different populations.

A systematic search for relevant literature was conducted in scholarly databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The search included terms related to physical activity and sleep, focusing on studies published in English from the past 10 years (2014-2024). Studies involving human participants and employing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational study designs were prioritized.

Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, significantly reduces sleep onset latency, improves sleep efficiency, and enhances subjective sleep quality across various populations. Potential mechanisms include stress hormone reduction, neurotransmitter regulation, and body temperature control. Emerging evidence suggests that resistance training can improve sleep onset latency and subjective sleep quality, particularly in older adults and individuals with chronic conditions. The benefits may be linked to muscle repair processes and stress reduction. The effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on sleep are mixed, with moderate-intensity programs showing potential benefits while excessive intensity or duration may disrupt sleep. Timing also plays a crucial role, with late-night HIIT potentially having negative impacts on sleep quality.

Regular exercise, especially moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, is a powerful tool for improving sleep quality. Resistance training also holds promise, particularly for specific populations. The impact of HIIT on sleep requires further research to determine optimal training parameters. Healthcare professionals should guide patients in tailoring exercise programs to optimize sleep benefits.

While it is known that focusing on positive attributes and capabilities can enhance psychological resilience, the specific effectiveness of strength-based therapy in improving self-efficacy and life satisfaction among athletes remains unexplored. By emphasizing positive attributes and capabilities, strength-based therapy aims to enhance athletes' psychological resilience and overall well-being, which are crucial in the highly competitive and physically demanding world of sports. Therefore, this study investigates the effectiveness of strength-based therapy in enhancing the self-efficacy and life satisfaction of athletes. The study used a quasi-experimental design with 50 competitive athletes aged 18-35. The methodology included an 8-week intervention focusing on leveraging individual strengths, goal setting, and resilience building. Outcomes were measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. To examine these differences, an analysis of variance with repeated measures, coupled with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test, was conducted using SPSS-26. Results indicated significant improvements in both self-efficacy and life satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. The study concludes that strength-based therapy positively impacts athletes' psychological well-being, suggesting its potential for broader application in sports therapy.

The objective of this study was to systematically assess and rank the features and characteristics of online consultation pages and virtual prescription applications, with a particular focus on their offerings in nutrition and exercise. The study aimed to identify which attributes of these digital health solutions most significantly influence user engagement and satisfaction, thereby guiding the optimization of such platforms for improved health management.Utilizing a qualitative research design, this study combined semi-structured interviews with 40 participants and a thorough review of 102 Instagram pages and applications related to nutrition and exercise. Participants comprised a diverse group including page users and academic experts. The data collection focused on aspects such as the presence and quality of workout and nutrition plans, availability of physical consultation options, and the involvement of recognized experts in the field. Data analysis involved coding and thematic analysis to identify and rank the key features and characteristics deemed most valuable by users.The analysis revealed a preference for online platforms that facilitate effective and direct communication with users, offering diversified content across different sports disciplines and providing services tailored to the specific needs of men and women. The inclusion of specialized teamwork, featuring collaboration among healthcare professionals, also emerged as a critical aspect. These preferences underscore the importance of personalization, interactivity, and credibility in digital health solutions catering to nutrition and exercise.This study highlights the essential features that digital health platforms should embody to enhance the management of non-communicable diseases and promote overall wellness through nutrition and exercise. The findings emphasize the necessity for digital solutions to prioritize user-centric communication, offer varied and personalized content, and engage multidisciplinary experts to meet user needs effectively

 The current study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle and cognitive function, overweight, and sleep quality among children and adolescents in Abyek city during the quarantine period.

 In this study, a descriptive-analytical research method was used, and a combination of stratified and multi-stage cluster sampling was employed for sampling. The study population included 2152 students (1184 girls and 968 boys) from elementary and middle school levels in Abyek city. Data were collected using electronic questionnaires, which were a compilation of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ localized in 2009), Beck Physical Activity (Beck et al., 1982), Cognitive Function (Nejati et al., 2013), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sent online to the students. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed and examined.

 This study found no significant correlation between students' BMI and their dietary habits or physical activity level (p > 0.001, rs = 0.45) as well as between physical activity level and dietary habits or cognitive performance. However, there was a significant positive correlation between sleep quality and physical activity level scores (p < 0.011, rs = 0.26), and between cognitive performance and sleep quality (p < 0.001, rs = 0.49). Regarding gender differences, male students had a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity level compared to female students (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively), and there was a significant difference in dietary habits between boys and girls (p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of sleep quality and cognitive performance (p = 0.180 and p = 0.693, respectively).

 According to the study, it appears that changes in diet, physical activity, and sleep quality affect students' cognitive performance during the COVID-19 quarantine. These results indicate that planning to maintain and control physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during quarantine is essential to mitigate potential negative effects on students' cognitive performance.

Engaging in outdoor cycling, particularly within cold and arid environments, frequently precipitates dryness in the laryngeal mucosa and induces various supraglottic disorders. Such conditions hold the potential to detrimentally impact respiratory system efficiency.This study principally sought to elucidate the influence of supraglottic and upper airway disorders on the the results of spirometry flow-volume measurementsof road cyclist.

Methods and Materials:

This investigation encompassed seventy-two professional and elite road cyclists, comprising 22 females and 50 males, with an average age of 22 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 21.95(±0.02) kg/m². Utilizing stroboscopic examinations, supraglottic conditions including Sicca, Tension, Edema, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease were assessed. Concurrently, respiratory capacity was evaluated through spirometric tests, encompassing Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second [FEV1], Tidal Volume [VT], Maximum Vital Capacity [VC MAX], Mean Mid-Expiratory Flow [MMEF (FEF25-75)], Peak Expiratory Flow [PEF], and Controlled Mechanical Volume Ventilation [cMVV]. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyzethe relationship between stroboscopic and spirometric findings, additionally exploring correlations between the two. A backward method in regression analysis was used, with Edema (ED), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Dry Laryngeal Mucosa (Sicca), and Tension (TE) serving as predictor variables against spirometric outcomes.

Predominantly, participants exhibited low levels of ED, GERD, Sicca, and TE. No substantial correlation emerged between ED, GERD, TE, and any spirometric indices (p-value > 0.05). However, a notable relationship was observed between Sicca and the MMEF index (p-value < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed significant outcomes for independent variables impacting VT and MEF25, with GERD negatively influencing VT in a statistically significant manner. Likewise, GERD's effect on the MEF25 variable was both negative and significant.

Based on the findings, it seems that supraglottic disorders negatively affect the efficiency of the respiratory system in cyclists. Therefore, it is recommended that cyclists consider the necessary evaluations to check the supraglottis in order to improve their performance during training and competitions.

Expression of mucosal levels would affect the function of internal organs of the body and the digestive system, such as by creating a blockage for the progression of cancerous tumors and the failure of the target tissue, especially the large intestine.
The purpose of this sudy was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of quercetin supplementation and intermittent exercise on protein levels of intestinal Muc5Ac, Muc4 and polyphosphate in rats with colon cancer.
Tewenty-four rats were randomly assigned into four groups including quercetin (n=6), exercise (n=6), quercetin + exercise (n=6) and control group (n=6). Colon cancer induction was provided with the use of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for 8 weeks and daily quercetin supplementation of 50 mg/kg body weight of mice by Gavagene method. Exercise protocol was performed 5 sessions per week with intensity of 60-70%, maximum speed of 23 m/min with 2-min rest in 8 weeks. ANOVA was used to analyze data. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.
It was suggested that there was a significant difference in protein levels of intestinal Muc5Ac, Muc4 and polyphosphate in all groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, it was also indicated that Muc5Ac levels was significantly higher in the quercetin+ exercise group other than pther groups (P<0.05).
It was concluded that intermittent exercise and quercetin supplementation would increase the levels of Muc5Ac and Muc4 proteins in the large intestine of mice with colon cancer.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in global home confinement and quarantine, leading to the vaccination of societies worldwide. However, some elite athletes have negative views toward vaccination. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle of vaccinated versus unvaccinated international elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. From March to October 2021, an online survey was conducted, including socio-individual information of athletes, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S), and the Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). A total of 581 elite athletes from 4 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America) and different countries, aged 18-35 years, were voluntarily recruited. Data analysis was performed using U-Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, with the level of significance set at alpha P<0.05. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the level of physical activity and eating behavior of vaccinated versus unvaccinated elite athletes (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the quality of sleep among vaccinated and unvaccinated elite athletes (P=0.270). It was shown that, despite the unvaccinated status of some elite athletes (49.9%), their physical activity levels were higher than those of vaccinated elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the eating behavior of vaccinated elite athletes was better than that of unvaccinated elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there was no significant difference in the quality of sleep between the groups.

This narrative review offers a thorough examination of the intricate relationship between nutrition, physiology, and sports performance. Drawing upon a wide array of scientific literature published between 2014 and 2023, this article synthesizes current research findings to elucidate how nutritional strategies and physiological factors coalesce to optimize athletic performance. The review employs a systematic approach, utilizing key databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, and is inclusive of original research, comprehensive reviews, and expert commentaries in the fields of sports nutrition and exercise physiology. Central themes of the review include fundamental principles of sports nutrition, physiological determinants of athletic performance, specific nutritional strategies for enhancing performance, and the role of nutrition in injury prevention and recovery. Additionally, the review delves into practical applications and case studies, illustrating the real-world impact of nutrition-physiology interplay on sports performance. Through a critical analysis of the literature, this review identifies emerging trends, addresses current challenges in the field, and suggests future directions for research and practice. It aims to provide a holistic understanding for athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and nutritionists, emphasizing the necessity of integrating nutritional and physiological knowledge to advance sports performance. This comprehensive synthesis not only highlights the importance of individualized nutrition and training programs but also underscores the evolving nature of sports science in enhancing athletic achievement and health.

The restrictions caused by the coronavirus resulted in physiological and psychological problems for all ages in the world. This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise and caffeine supplementation on body composition and psychomotor performance of obese students who have recovered from COVID-19.

The current research was a quasi-experimental design with a two-step pre-test-post-test measurement. 40 obese students recovered from COVID-19 from Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin Province eligible to participate in the research with a mean age of 22.57±1.45 years, weight of 90.74±7.53 kg, height of 171.05±4.93 cm, and body mass index of 30.51±2.36 were randomly assigned into four groups of 10 people including 1. Exercise-Supplement, 2. Exercise-Placebo, 3. Exercise, and 4. Control. The interventions included four weeks of aerobic exercise and caffeine or placebo supplementation. To analyze the data, a dependent t-test was used to check the intra-group difference, and an ANOVA statistical test was used to check the inter-group difference.

The results of the dependent t-test showed that there was a significant difference in all variables (body composition, and psychomotor performance) in the pre-test and post-test in the Exercise-Supplement, Exercise-Placebo, and Exercise groups (p<0.05), but in the pre-test and post-test, there was no significant difference in the control group for all variables (P>0.05). Also, intergroup analysis with the ANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference between groups in weight (p=0.144), fat percentage (p=0.053), and body mass index (p=0.993). However, there was a significant difference in psychomotor performance (duration of correct choice, number of correct choices, number of correct withdrawals, static balance, and dynamic balance) (p<0.05).

According to the obtained results, both aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation can help reduce weight, body fat percentage, and body mass index, and improve psychomotor performance in obese people who have recovered from COVID-19.

Sleep disorders in the Covid-19 pandemic and student life are among the issues of interest to researchers, especially when the student is an athlete. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of binaural beat and lavender scent on mood and sleep quality in female student-athletes.

In this quasi-experimental study, 48 female student-athletes with low sleep quality were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into 4 groups: binaural beat (BB); binaural beat + lavender (BL); binaural beat + placebo (BP) and control. Over a 21-day period, the BB group listened to the binaural sounds generated by beta, alpha, and delta waves at 6 Hz for 28 minutes at 225 Hz for the left ear and 231 Hz for the right ear. Lavender scent groups inhaled two drops of lavender scent with a cotton ball every night for 7 nights before sleeping and the placebo group consumed water instead. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Social Mood Questionnaire were used to measure sleep quality and mood, respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance with Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS24 software at the significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the mean sleep quality of the BB and BL groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (p≤0.05). In addition, the mood status of the BB, BL, and BP groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (p≤0.05).

Based on the findings, it seems that binaural beats with the inhaling the scent of lavender can improve sleep quality.

The objective of this study was to explore the impact of nutritional interventions on preventing age-related cognitive decline in older adults. Given the growing prevalence of cognitive impairment among the aging population, understanding effective dietary strategies is crucial for promoting cognitive health and enhancing the quality of life. This qualitative study was conducted in Tehran and included 20 participants aged 50 to 70 years. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software. Data analysis involved open coding, categorization, and theme development to identify key patterns and insights regarding the impact of nutrition on cognitive function. The analysis revealed four main themes: healthy eating, physical activity, mental health, and social support. Under healthy eating, subthemes included increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, avoidance of processed foods, intake of healthy proteins, sufficient water consumption, and dietary diversity. Participants reported improved cognitive function and reduced cognitive decline through these dietary practices. Findings were consistent with existing literature, highlighting the positive effects of a balanced diet rich in specific nutrients on cognitive health. The study concluded that nutritional interventions, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, avoidance of processed foods, and ensuring a diverse diet, play a significant role in preventing age-related cognitive decline. These findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy eating habits among older adults to maintain and enhance cognitive function. Future research should focus on larger and more diverse populations and investigate the biological mechanisms underlying these dietary effects.

The issue of obesity in childhood will be associated with deficits in rudimentary, basic, and specialized skills, as well as a drop in physical literacy. This problem can be the beginning of delay in other motor skills in later ages, so that it strengthens the negative cycle of obesity-inactivity-poor motor development, which reciprocally causes obesity to decrease in motor development and decrease in motor development causes obesity. Regardless of the physical effects, obesity and poor motor development cause the decline of psychological functions of obese children such as self-confidence and self-esteem. The issue that is the basis of the trainers' action for the diagnosis of obesity is the the body mass index, which cannot seem logical due to the importance of body composition. Therefore, it is essential that teachers and trainers do not have classifications based on the child's weight and body mass index calculation, because the state of muscles, body water and fat percentage are important in calculating this overall weight value. In response to the main question why the body mass index as an accepted measure of obesity cannot predict the motor development of obese children, it can be stated that absolute body weight index is a combination of muscles, fat percentage, body water and skeletal system. For instance, a child who has a body mass index between 20 and 25 has a good physical condition according to diagnostic criteria, but there are cases where the same body mass index can be misleading and the child is obese. For example, a child has sarcopenic obesity and has lost part of his muscles and replaced it with fat, so when we want to check the condition of children's obesity, the best ideal is to check their body composition in order to have a more accurate measure for predicting the motor development process of children.

This study aimed to investigate thei of a single exhaustive training session with protein supplementation on muscle damage markers in young cyclists. Twenty professional cyclists with experience at local and national championship levels were recruited using a convenience sampling method. They were divided into an experimental group (n=10; mean age 21.4±4.7 years; body mass index (BMI) = 20.56±2.12 kg/m2) and a placebo group (n=10; mean age 19.1±4.1 years; BMI = 21.48±3.96 kg/m2). Blood samples were collected in a fasted state to measure phospho creatine kinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The experimental group consumed a solution containing 400 mg of protein powder (100 mg per kilogram of body weight) with 400 cc of water, while the placebo group consumed a solution containing maltodextrin powder (100 mg per kilogram of body weight). A second blood sample was taken one hour after supplementation. Participants did not engage in any physical activity during the supplementation period. After a 10-minute warm-up, the Wingate test was performed, and blood samples were collected 24 and 48 hours after the test. The findings indicated that one exhaustive training session with protein supplementation did not have a significant effect on CPK (p=0.126) and LDH (p=0.526) concentrations in professional cyclists. Post-CPK and LDH concentrations were highest at 24 and 48 hours after strenuous activity. Based on this study, a single exhaustive training session with protein supplementation did not significantly impact muscle injury markers in young cyclists. Therefore, alternative nutritional recommendations and strategies should be considered.

Optimum recovery can prevent the athlete's functional capacity from falling between training sessions or competitions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry cupping therapy and creatine supplementation on lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase and plasma creatine kinase following the Wingate anaerobic test in male handball players.

In this quasi-experimental study, 12 young male handball players in 4 stages with different interventions. Including groups: control, cupping, creatine and cupping with creatine were tested were tested in the laboratory of Qazvin International University. After obtaining written informed consent, in all groups, blood pressure and heart rate and body composition were measured before and after the Wingate test. The Wingate test was then performed in two 30-second stages with a 1-minute break between two performances. Blood sampling was performed in the control group before and after the Wingate test. In the cupping group with creatine, the test conditions were the same as in the cupping and creatine groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 27 software and with the help of analysis of covariance test.

The average creatine kinase (165.12±24.81) in the cupping and cupping + creatine group has a significant decrease compared to the control group (110.12±62.81) (P=0.004). The mean of lactate dehydrogenase in the control (352.10±10.46), cupping (348.10±17.46), creatine (369.10±33.48) and cupping + creatine (356.10±06.46) groups have no significant difference (P>0.005).

It seems that creatine supplementation along with Dry cupping therapy can have positive effects in speeding up recovery by reducing creatine kinase. However, there was no significant effect on lactate dehydrogenase activity.

Muscle injuries in professional cyclists have always been one of the issues that sports science researchers have sought to find appropriate solutions to prevent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a grueling exercise session with MPC supplementation on muscle injury indices in young cyclists.

The research method was quasi-experimental and the research design was cross-sectional in which 20 professional cyclists with a history of championship in the province and the country were studied by convenience sampling in two groups of supplement and placebo. Participants in the supplement group consumed 400 mg of solution containing MPC powder per kilogram of body weight with 400 cc of water, and participants in the placebo group consumed a solution containing maltodextrin powder (100 mg per kg of body weight) and a second blood sample was taken. It was done one hour after taking the supplement. In the next step, after 10 minutes of warm-up, the Wingate test was performed and blood samples were taken 24 and 48 hours after the test. Analysis of variance with repeated measures at the significance level of P ≥ 0.05 was used to test the data.

Findings suggested that a grueling workout session with MPC consumption had no significant effect on creatine kinase index (p = 0.126) and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.526) Creatin kinase level of professional cyclists after 24 Hour and lactate dehydrogenase Professional cyclists reached their highest level of rest after 24 and 48 hours of strenuous activity, respectively.

In general, it can be concluded that a grueling session with MPC supplementation has no significant effect on muscle injury indices in young cyclists. Therefore, other nutritional recommendations and strategies can be offered.Keywords: Exhaustive training, MPC supplement, muscle injury indicators.

Increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorders in elderly populations especially due to physical limitations has become a key concern for health authorities.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of cognitive and physical training on physiological and psychological Levels of anxiety in the elderly.

Forty-nine aged females (62.3±2.6 years) with BMI of 35-49.99 kg/m2 were assigned to one of three groups: Cognitive (n= 17), Physical training [yoga] (n= 16) and control group (n= 10). The cognitive training protocol included breathing and imagery/visualization techniques, which lasted for an 8-week period, three sessions a week. Yoga practices comprising Asana and Pranaya training, three times a week, for two months. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was given before and after intervention training. Biofeedback devices was used to monitor galvanic skin resistance and resting heart rate (as physiological and psychological markers of anxiety) in pretest and pre-test phases. The data were analyzed using analysis covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

It was indicated that anxiety score in cognitive training was significantly lower than control group (P= 0.002) and also, anxiety score in physical Training was significantly lower than control group (P= 0.01). No significant difference was found between the two training groups (P= 0.18). Furthermore, both training groups had lower galvanic skin resistance (P< 0.001). In addition, physical training group had a better status of resting heart rate after intervention compared to the cognitive and control groups (respectively, P= 0.04 and P= 0.001).

It was concluded that the health benefits of Physical training [yoga] isn’t not specific to maintaining physical health, but also extends to lowering the anxiety in elderly with obesity. It was also suggested that cognitive training can mitigate the anxiety symptoms in the elderly while no physical changes were shown in cognitive training.

Betatrophin/angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL8) is defined as an adipokine that regulates blood glucose and triglyceride levels.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis supplementation for the first time on serum levels of the hormone betatrophin, as a drug target in the treatment of dyslipidemia, in male endurance athletes for four weeks.

44 male athletes with an average age of 22 ± 3 years, a height of 177.5 ± 6.5 cm, and a weight of 76 ± 6 kg were selected in Qazvin. They were randomly divided into four groups: Supplementation, placebo, physical activity, and control. The supplementation and placebo groups received two 500 mg tablets of propolis and cellulose (in terms of shape and color, are similar to the original supplement and have no properties, flavor, and aroma) once after lunch and once after dinner, respectively. The drug treatment lasted for four weeks. The athletes' weight and serum levels of betatrophin were measured at the beginning and the end of 4 weeks of treatment. The ELISA method was used to assess the serum concentration of betatrophin. Analyzes were performed by the ANCOVA method.

The results showed that the long-term endurance training plus propolis supplementation would result in significant changes in the betatrophin serum levels and weight in participants (P = 0.001), but in the athletes without supplementation, these changes were not significant (P > 0.05).

The results indicated that betatrophin serum levels in endurance athletes are increased by propolis supplementation, and their weight is decreased.

Sleep deprivation is one of common phenomena in athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of arginine supplementation following sleep deprivation on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, balance and fatigue index in female athletic students.

The study population included all undergraduate female students of Sport Sciences at Imam Khomeini International University (age: 22.2± 2.16 years, BMI: 230.15±2.59 kg/m2) of whom 8 volunteered took part in the research. All experiments were performed in laboratory of university in 2020. Subjects were classified into four groups: Control, Sleep deprivation, Arginine and Arginine-sleep deprivation. Lactometer was used to measure blood lactate. Best Balance device was used to measure balance and GAS Analyzer was used to measure metabolism. Data was analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Sleep deprivation significantly decreased static balance (P=0.01) and dynamic balance (P= 0.004) while arginine consumption resulted in improved static balance in sleep deprivation arginine group (P=0.03). It was also shown that lactic acid levels were lower in the two groups that took arginine than in the groups that did not take arginine (P≤0.05).

Arginine consumption can improve static and dynamic balance as well as mitigate side effects of sleep deprivation on static balance.

Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is the growth of cancerous masses in the colon. According to research evidence, the use of antioxidants and regular exercise are the best ways to prevent and treat many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intermittent exercise and Quercetin consumption on the brain-derived neurogenic factor (BDNF) and cyclic-adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in the brain hippocampus of rats with colon cancer which has many influences on cognitive functions.

The subjects of this study included 50 male Wistar rats (weight: 250±30 grams, age: 12 weeks) which were homogenized by weight and were randomly divided into five Healthy Control, Cancer Control, Cancer + Quercetin supplement, Cancer + Intermittent exercise, Cancer + Quercetin supplement + Intermittent exercise groups (10 rats in each group). BDNF and CREB measurements were performed in the rats’ hippocampus according to the ELISA standards and method. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that eight weeks of intermittent exercises had a significant effect on the mean score of BDNF (p = 0.047) and CREB (p = 0.032) in rats’ hippocampus with colon cancer. Eight weeks of Quercetin supplementation had no significant effect on the mean BDNF score (p = 0.792) and the mean CREB score (p = 0.363) in rats’ hippocampus with colon cancer

In general, the findings showed that intermittent exercise and Quercetin supplementation improve BDNF and CREB in the hippocampus of rats with colon cancer.

A model of agility ladder tool was designed in the current study to increase cognitive-motor performance in athletes with more advantages over conventional agility ladders.

The aim of this study was to develop agility tool for athletes using Jami agility table (JAT) which has been the latest training model by creating mental challenge and recruiting muscle movement units for agile performance of sports skills.

In this descriptive-analytical study, a systematic review of agility development methods were presented to improve psychomotor performance in athletes and then the JAT agility table model was introduced. Based on the JAT, a special code is designed in order to develop agility both physically and mentally aspects, and athlete is always engaged with new algorithms of movement.

One of the exclusive functions of JAT, is to increase contextual interference in the performance of motor skills which increases reaction time (RT) in athletes significantly. Laterality detection and empowering non-dominant hemisphere is one of the applications of the JAT, which ultimately increases the comprehensive development of the central nervous system (CNS).

The most important aspect of JAT is based on increasing contextual interference and random learning in learners and athletes. Additionally, neuromuscular coordination is one of JAT functions which would improve agility performance in athletes. JAT mechanism has been designed based on Movement algorithm models. In such a training model, which imposes a better cognitive function on the learner and athlete to create better motor memory, the process of constant algorithms is converted into variable and instantaneous algorithms, resulting in more reliable motor outputs.

A model of agility ladder tool was designed in the current study to increase cognitive-motor performance in athletes with more advantages over conventional agility ladders.

The aim of this study was to develop agility tool for athletes using Jami agility table (JAT) which has been the latest training model by creating mental challenge and recruiting muscle movement units for agile performance of sports skills.

In this descriptive-analytical study, a systematic review of agility development methods were presented to improve psychomotor performance in athletes and then the JAT agility table model was introduced. Based on the JAT, a special code is designed in order to develop agility both physically and mentally aspects, and athlete is always engaged with new algorithms of movement.

One of the exclusive functions of JAT, is to increase contextual interference in the performance of motor skills which increases reaction time (RT) in athletes significantly. Laterality detection and empowering non-dominant hemisphere is one of the applications of the JAT, which ultimately increases the comprehensive development of the central nervous system (CNS).

The most important aspect of JAT is based on increasing contextual interference and random learning in learners and athletes. Additionally, neuromuscular coordination is one of JAT functions which would improve agility performance in athletes. JAT mechanism has been designed based on Movement algorithm models. In such a training model, which imposes a better cognitive function on the learner and athlete to create better motor memory, the process of constant algorithms is converted into variable and instantaneous algorithms, resulting in more reliable motor outputs.

Covid-19 disease with widespread prevalence in 2019 worldwide has been identified as the biggest health threat, according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), especially for children. In addition, sleep disorders are one of the consequences of this emerging disease; the aim of this study was to investigate the nutrition and sleep disorders of active and inactive children during the corona pandemic.

Random multistage cluster sampling was used in four geographical regions of Iran (north, south, west and east) in this research. This study was conducted in 2021 which the questionnaires were gathered from the cities and the sample size (194 people) was determined based on G-Power 3.1 software with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power (evaluation through virtual networks and web questionnaire). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) Questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used. Mann-Whitney U and T-Student tests were used to compare the two groups of active and inactive children. The significance level was considered at p≤0.05.

The results showed that in the Covid-19 pandemic, the group of active children had a better level of physical activity (energy consumption) and status compared to the inactive children (p≤0.001). Also, it was shown that girls had more nutrition disorders than boys (p≤0.05), but there was no significant difference between sleep disorders between boys and girls, and there was no significant difference between nutrition disorders in active and inactive children.

In summary, during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no difference in eating and sleeping disorders in active and inactive children, while gender is associated with nutrition disorders in children during Corona disease and was higher in girls than boys. It is suggested that parents pay more attention to physical activity and nutrition disorders in girls during home quarantine