khorasani

In order to study the effect of deficit irrigation and plant density on antioxidant enzymes activity, compatible ‎Osmolytes, relative water content and yield of baby corn (Pashan cultivar) a field experiment based on ‎randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in split-plot with three replications was conducted at the ‎Education-Research Farm (With geographical position: 37°33' north, 59°11' east), Mashhad Branch, Islamic ‎Azad University, Mashhad, Iran, during in cropping season 2018-2019. Irrigation deficit at three levels (0 (Full ‎irrigation), 20 and 40% less than the irrigation requirement) was considered as the main plots and plant density ‎at three levels (100, 150 and 200 thousand plants/ha) were considered at the sub plots. Analysis of variance ‎showed that the effect of deficit irrigation on all variables, effect of plant density on relative water content, ‎husked cob yield, dehusked cob yield and dehusked standard cob yield and interaction between of two factors ‎on all variables (Expect: relative water content and superoxide dismutase activity) were significant. The results ‎showed that with increasing deficit irrigation (increasing stress) and increasing plant density, the relative water ‎content decreased. Also, with increasing deficit irrigation, superoxide dismutase activity increased. Mean ‎comparison of traits under influence of two factors showed that with increase of deficit irrigation and plant ‎density proline content, soluble carbohydrates and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased ‎due to increased drought stress and intraspecific competition. Husked cob yield, dehusked cob yield and ‎dehusked standard cob yield decreased due to of deficit irrigation. But at all levels of deficit irrigation, cob yield ‎increased with increasing plant density. In general, the results showed that drought stress increased the content ‎of compatible osmolytes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the tested cultivar, but this increase was ‎not sufficient to reduce the effects of stress on yield.‎

Self-curable waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions were prepared via acetone process. The effects of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) content as crosslinking agent on the properties of WPUs were investigated. To confirm the polymer structure and the presence of alkoxysilane groups, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used. Gel content of the sample containing 10 wt% APTES was reported 90.5% which were revealed highly crosslinking network of the WPU film. Although the particle size went up from 36.5 to 63 nm by introducing 10 wt% APTES, narrow particle size distributions (PDI < 0.2) and the absolute value of zeta potentials greater than 40 mV were obtained. Furtheremore, atomic force microscopy showed that the introduction of siloxane crosslinking increased microphase-separation of the polyurethane films. In the presence of 10 wt% APTES, excellent enhancement in water resistance (water absorption < 5%), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus=420 MPa and tensile strength=46.7 MPa), and thermal stability (Tmax1=321 ºC and Tmax2=407 ºC) made this type of crosslinking highly suitable for WPUs in coating applications.

Land subsidence is one of natural hazards which is involved with most of plains in Iran and leads to damages of urban area, roads, bridges, power transmission lines, agriculture lands, wells and piezometers. Generally, regional subsidence is depended to human activities such as overexploitation of groundwater and geological conditions which can induce considerable damages to economical basis of the area if it be occurred. In the last few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and the increase in the need for water has led to overexploitation of groundwater in the Semnan plain. In this paper, the occurrences pattern of regional subsidence phenomenon in the south and south-east of the Semnan plain and also the zoning of this region in terms of the susceptibly of land subsidence have been discussed. In this research at the first step data of 18 piezometers for 24 years period (May 1993-2017) were used to provide iso-potential lines of drawdown groundwater level and unite hydrograph of the plain. Furthermore, for the determination of type and thickness of the subsurface layers some data including piezoelectric log, geoelectric studies and geological map with a scale of 1: 250,000 were used. Then, using the drawdown groundwater level map and the subsurface layers conditions map, a subsidence susceptibility map of the Semnan plain was prepared. The results showed that during the period of 1993-2018 continuous overexploitation of groundwater caused a drop of 18.9 meters of groundwater level and provided conditions for consolidation of clayey layers and land subsidence. The subsidence hazard zonation map indicates that the region with a high potential of subsidence in this plain is located in the northeastern part of the plain and in the south-southwest of the Semnan industrial park.

Preeclampsia is considered as a serious life-threatening condition that could affect both maternal and fetal outcome. Many studies have examined the association of nutritional factors with the incidence of preeclampsia. However, little is known about the possible role of vitamin D in the development of preeclampsia among the Iranian population.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and preeclampsia.

A total of 120 pregnant women who were referred to Kamali and Alborz General Hospital located in the Karaj City were enrolled in this study and categorized into preeclamptic and control groups (n = 60/each). The clinical details of patients such as demographic characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from the patients. The serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathormone were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess for independent predictors of preeclampsia.

The mean age among pregnant women with preeclampsia and control group were 31.48 ± 5.25 and 29.01 ± 5.28, respectively. The mean body mass index among the preeclamptic group was 27.92 ± 4.98, which was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia compared to the control subjects (p = 0.007). Moreover, no correlation between vitamin D deficiency and predisposing factors of preeclampsia was observed after adjusting for confounding factors.

Our study revealed that serum vitamin D level is significantly lower in among the pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia compared to the healthy subjects. However, no correlation was observed between the vitamin D status and the risk of preeclampsia development.

Semnan plain is located on the northern edge of Iran's central desert and has a semi-arid climate. In recent decades, rapid population growth, increasing Industrial areas and water demand has led to excessive extraction of groundwater resources. As a result, the crisis of the severity of the decline in groundwater levels and ground subsidence in Semnan plain was reported. Satellite imagery interferometry (InSAR) monitoring in the specific period of 2003 to 2004 shows that maximum of 133 mm of ground subsidence in Semnan city has been occurred. The factors affecting the ground subsidence of Semnan plain were investigated by drawing hydrographic charts of groundwater level using the results of 15 observational wells. Continuous drawdown of groundwater levels can be seen during the water period of 2003 to 2009. Minimum rate of decline in groundwater level equal to 22 centimeters per year was reported. Merging the results of ground subsidence and decline of groundwater level illuminated the exploitation of groundwater resources over the aquifer recharge rate which increases the effective stress in soil layers and thus sediments high consolidation. This was the key factor for subsidence in Semnan plain with respect to the geotechnical properties of the aquifer. Therefore, water resources management was recommended for sustainable development of agriculture and industry.

This study aimed to identify and introduce a conceptual model of IT manager’s tasks in higher education institutions . The research methodology was exploratory mixed method. In this regard, the relevance research literature reviewed and IT manager’s key tasks and sub-tasks identified by using the meta-synthesis qualitative method. Sampling in qualitative part was purposefully and took place after five-step documents screening process. The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Also the kappa coefficient (0/653) about the reliability of the qualitative part was assessed as desirable. in the quantitative part IT managers from public universities in Tehran (Shahid Behshti University, University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology & Amirkabir University of Technology), comprised the study population. The census sampling method was used in quantitative part. In the following a questionnaire was developed based on qualitative results and the validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and also the reliability of it, was estimated at 0/88. Then it distributed among 53 IT managers in the selected institutes. The quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (percentage & mean) and inferential statistics (one sample t test & Friedman test) . The results indicated that based on meta-synthesis results 12 key tasks and 61 sub-tasks of IT managers in higher education institution was identified. Also among the identified key tasks; providing infrastructure, negotiation, leadership, Coalition building and facilitating, entrepreneurship, finance director and resources allocation, change agent, coaching and inspiring, monitoring and evaluation, policy making, team building and communication, respectively were in the first to twelve key tasks of IT managers in higher education. From the perspective of research participants, all of the identified tasks of the Chief Information Officer’s in higher education have been above average. Nevertheless, attempt to provide IT infrastructure, Negotiation and bargaining with all stakeholders and also the role of IT leadership has been identified as the three key tasks of the universities Chief Information Officer’s.

Bimrocks are complex geomaterials that are defined as mixtures of rocks composed of geotechnically significant blocks within a matrix of finer texture. Bimslopes are made from bimrocks and are usually seen in weathered and shallow environments. Some characteristics of blocks affecting the strength of bimrocks include VBP (Volumetric Block Proportion), orientation, and arrangement, which have important roles in the stability of bimslopes. Previous studies show that bimrocks usually have a specific block size distribution, and for a bimslope with height of “H”, the size of blocks is changed from 0.05H to 0.75H. In this paper, the influence of large blocks position on bimslope stability was investigated by the physical and numerical models. The blocks that had a dimension larger than 0.5H were considered as “large blocks”. In this work, first, thirty physical models were created and tested using a titling table machine. These models have a specific block size distribution and VBP with ellipsoidal blocks. The main variable of the models is large blocks position, where three categories including lower part of bimslope, upper part of bimslope, and sporadic state are considered. Based on the results of physical trials, thirty numerical models at the laboratory scale were generated using the finite element method. After comparing the physical and numerical models, which showed a good accordance, the numerical models were developed to the natural scale. The theoretical bimslopes investigated in this work showed that the position of large blocks had a significant influence on the stability of bimslopes.

Nowadays, with the advancement of life and more use of computers, musculoskeletal pains and disorders in computer users have also increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of musculoskeletal pains and disorders of computer users in health care providers working in comprehensive health centers of Sirjan.
Instruments & In this descriptive-analytical study, 110 health care providers working in comprehensive health centers of Sirjan were selected through simple random sampling. In order to evaluate musculoskeletal discomfort and pains, a Nordic questionnaire was used and a body map was used to determine the location of pain. Data analysis was performed, using SPSS software. According to the findings, the highest pain and discomfort in neck was observed in 46.4% and, then, the pain in the shoulder region was 12.7%. In the lower limb, the most pain was reported in the waist with 18.2% and the least pain was reported in left wrist, both elbows and ankle. Musculoskeletal discomforts are clearly seen in computer users; more discomforts and pains are observed in the upper body, especially in the neck and shoulders, and in most cases, this pain does not come from a particular illness or discomfort. Further studies are suggested to determine the status and non-ergonomic points of work in these individuals.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in soccer and motion patterns are believed to play a key role in the incidence of non-contact ACL injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the FIFA 11+ program on kinematical risk factors related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and durability of the results in male elite-youth soccer players. Twenty- four male soccer players (mean ± SD: age = 16.79 ± 1.18 years, height = 174.17 ± 8.12 cm, mass = 62.45 ± 10.01 kg, experience = 6.96 ± 1.26 years) participated in this study and randomly were divided into two groups, intervention and control (n = 12 per group). The experimental group performed the FIFA 11+ program 3 times per week for 8 weeks whereas the control group just performed their regular warm-up program. The mixed-repeated measure showed that there was a significant improvement in the landing pattern between the pre-test and post-test for the 11+ group (P=0.006) while no significant was found improvement between the post-test and retention-test; after one month of post-test (P=0.146). It can be concluded that the FIFA 11+ program can improve the landing pattern during the real-world scenario in male elite-youth soccer players and this likely can be effective in reducing non-contact ACL injuries. However, due to the failure to maintain the effects of this program on the landing pattern, the necessity of continuation of performing the 11+ program is felt.

An atmospheric aerosol plays an important role in modification and change of climate, hydrological cycles, chemistry of the atmosphere, biogeochemical cycles and public health. The purpose of this research is investigation of emission sources of Suspended elements in Kermanshah. The concentrations of twenty elements consisting of K, Na, Ca, P, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Co, As, Mo, V, Al, Mn were analyzed by ICPfor 55 soil samples and 41 aerosols samples. Source of aerosols have been identified using factor analysis, the backward air mass trajectory analysis, enrichment factor and the Al/Zn ratio.Ca and Pb have maximum concentration (84600pbb) and minimum concentration (8.95) in aerosols samples, respectively and also, Ca and Mo have maximum concentration (2074800pbb) and minimum concentration (3.8) in soil samples, respectively. The results showed that EF- values of elements of B, Zn and Mo are very high in the range of 31 to 507 and elements of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, vanadium and chromium are in the range of 1 to 10 and the elements such as iron, potassium, calcium, selenium, arsenic, cobalt, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium have low EF- values less than 0.25.Factor analysis classified elements in six factors based on sources of their emission. The first factor consisted of Na, Al, Ca, K, the second factor was Cd, Mo, Cr, the third factor was Cu, Pb, Co, the fourth factor consisted of Fe, Mn, the fifth factor was P, the sixth factor was V. According to results of factor analysis, enrichment factor, the crustal elements of K, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mnare the main contributor to the elements in air in aerosols in the Kermanshah. Vehicle-related emissions and industry rein grade of second.

One way to protect food and nutrients is to use gamma irradiation. Gamma rays are capable of influencing fatty acids, thus, this research was carried out to test the impact of using gamma rays on pistachio stored for six months and to determine the optimal effective dose of gamma with no negative impact on the amount of fatty acids in different types of pistachios. Three doses including 3, 5, and 9 kGy of gamma rays were used to protect and store different pistachios in Kerman. After being exposed to gamma rays, the pistachios were stored for six months in a storehouse at 5°C and (9-43%) RH. Every three months, the samples were analyzed. The greatest amount of oleic acid was found in Ahmad Aghaei pistachio type (62.08%) followed by Ohadi (61.03%), Kaleh Qouchi (59.83%), and Akbari (55.80%) types (P< 0.05). Over time, oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids decreased in all of the control and test samples. After three months of storing, in Ahmad Aghaei pistachios irradiated with a 3 kGy dose of gamma, the amount of oleic acid fatty acid was 45.15%. With 5 kGy dose, after three months, oleic acid fatty acid was 66.65%, and with 9 kGy dose after three months, it was 59.90%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of irradiation doses of 5 and 9 kGy affects the increase of unsaturated and derived fatty acids, thus, the dose of 5 kGy irradiation is most appropriate.

Venomous snakebite is a life-threatening injury in many tropical and subtropical areas including Iran. The gold standard treatment option for human envenomation is the use of antivenoms. Despite the unique effects of horse-derived antivenoms on the treatment of snakebite, they are not fully perfect and need improvements. In this study, human recombinant Fab fragment antivenom was produced in Rosetta-g bacterium using a gene library constructed in the previous study. The prepared Fab was purified in several steps, desalted, and lipopolysaccharide-depleted using ammonium sulfate solution and dialysis against phosphate buffer and Triton X-114 solution, respectively. Subsequently, the product was initially confirmed by the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Finally, the neutralization potency of the product was investigated in laboratory Syrian Mice. The obtained results showed corresponding reduced bands to Fab fragment with the molecular weight of about 28 kDa at a concentration of 3.1 mg/ml. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of ELISA test (P<0.05). The neutralization potency of the product against the venom of Echis carinatus (E. carinatus) was about 7 LD50/ml (54.6 µg/ml) when tested on mice. Based on the results, the Fab fragment antivenom had the ability to neutralize the in vivo biological activity of the venom of Iranian E. carinatus. However, further studies are recommended to reach a suitable concentration of antivenom fragment.

A pair of copper bromide lasers in an oscillator-amplifier configuration was operated to measuring the small-signal gain and saturation intensity, as amplifying parameters of the laser. The values of 0.078cm-1 and 0.07cm-1 were measured for small signal gain with buffer gases neon and helium, respectively, thus, the values of 34 and 47µJ/cm2 were measured for saturation intensity with neon and helium buffer gases, respectively. The output power of system was measured; the values of 8 and 10W were obtained with buffer gases of neon and helium, respectively. It was shown that, the use of helium has more efficient and output power than that of neon in copper bromide lasers. Hence, the optimum conditions have been obtained. The results were compared to that of copper- and gold vapor lasers. The type of buffer gas used can affect the microscopic parameters, which in turn affects the operation and output power of the laser.

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a mass balance model to estimate the rate of aerobic processes in a landfill.
Monte Carlo simulation is a common method to evaluate uncertainty of the results of a model. Here, we used a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The data obtained from the experiments were used as a baseline. Considering a uniform Probability Distribution Function (PDF) within ±15% deviation, samples were taken from the baseline data. Using randomly selected inputs, model was executed for 1000 iterations and outputs were evaluated. Then, the total Sobol index for each input parameter was determined. The uncertainty of each output was presented by standard error and means observed in MC simulation.
The results of this study revealed that while the uncertainty for the rate of composting process was mainly originated from the measured value of CO2 flux, the evaluated value for the rate of anaerobic digestion process was highly influenced by the value measured for CH4 emission flux. All inputs contributed equally to the uncertainty in the evaluated values for the rate of methane oxidation process. Although a variability of 15% was assumed for the model inputs, the mean value for the outputs from Monto Carlo simulations were close to those obtained by using base values that were in most cases within ±10% limit.
The majority of the uncertainty in the outputs came from the variability in the measurement of the flux of CH4 and CO2. The error in these parameters, however, can be minimized by increasing frequency and replicates of gas samples as these parameters are measured directly for each location.

The purpose of this study is to identify the orientations and features of the curriculum in the period of centralization in Iran's higher education system .The research methodology is a historical research tradition and it is a qualitative method that has been tried by using resources, documentation and available literature and interviewing key experts in the field of higher education and curricula to identify the orientations of curriculum in The five dimensions of the process, system, field of study, occupation and knowledge during the period of focus, and examine the characteristics of curricula in this course.
Findings, this period began in 1984 with the formation of the Supreme Council for Planning in the Ministry of Science, and continued until 2000. In this period, in order to realize the goals of the Islamic Revolution, the programs of undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral studies were focused and reviewed by the Supreme Council for Planning at the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and universities were required to implement the decrees of that council From the point of view of part of the rule of this period, the university was more skilled than a system for the political socialization of individuals, so one of the main directions of the course was to direct curricula to the needs of society.

One of the new approaches in unethical behavior studies is destructive leadership issue. These leaders exhibit behaviors that undermine the health of the organization or individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the components of destructive behavior of leaders in sport and youth organizations of northern khorasan province.
This research was conducted with qualitative approach through phenomenological strategy. Population was all of the employees of Sport and youth organizations in Northern Khorasan with at least Ten years of work experience. Sample group includes 16 employees. The research tool was semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by Claizi
After collecting data, key sentences were extracted and 34 different components were discovered. The components were classified into nine dimensions: ineffective behaviors, lack of truth, excessive control, undesirable political behaviors, narcissism, lack of expertise and skill, lack of targeting and planning, abuse of organizational resources and inability to motivate subordinates.
The research results show that based on the experience of the employees of the sports and youth departments of the northern khorasan province, the managers of this scope have shown a variety of destructive behaviors.

An educational robot is described, which is designed and constructed for use in the laboratory of Principles of Electrical Engineering. The discrete nature of design, conforming to a simple block strategy, allows fairly easy introduction of basic and fundamental concepts of Electrical Engineering to the freshman students, including control, actuation, wireless signal transmission, and analogue/digital conversions. Each block or module represents one or few engineering ideas, and helps the students to understand the interplay and connection between system divisions, and enhance their creative thinking. Circuits are designed and implemented that both the structure and functionality of each module are clearly presented. Inputs and outputs as well as major signals can be traced and measured through several test points

Aims: In irreversible electroporation process, the membrane of cancer cells is damaged irreversibly by electric pulses of high-intensity field, which in turn leads to cell death. Factors influencing the field distribution include voltage, pulse width, and electric conductivity of tissue. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating conductivity changes of liver tissue during irreversible electroporation and calculation of the electric field distribution. In the present experimental study, using simulation, the relationship between pulse width and voltage intensity of each pulse was investigated in conductivity changes during irreversible electroporation, and the electric field distribution was calculated. In this simulation, in order to solve the equations, the software COMSOL 5 was used. Needle electrodes were used, and the liver tissue was considered as the target tissue. Eight pulses with the stimulated frequency of 1Hz, pulse width of 100µs and 2ms, and the intensity of the electric fields ranging from 1000 to 3000v/cm were used as electric pulses. Findings: Conductivity of tissue increased during sending the electrical pulses. The conductivity changes in the tip of the electrodes were more than the area between the two rows of electrodes. As the intensity of the pulsed electric field increased, the tissue conductivity also increased. When the conductivity of the tissue was constant and variable, the maximum electric field intensity was obtained 3879 and 3448v/cm. While electric pulse transmission, tissue conductivity increases. The electric field distribution depends on the conductivity at the desired point and by changing this conductivity due to the electroporation, the electric field distribution also changes and the maximum intensity of the electric field decreases.

According to high levels of phytic acid in bread and its role in complex formation with iron and minerals, this study is aimed to investigate the fermentation conditions to reduce the phytic acid in dough and toast bread produced.
The effect of leavening agent (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand sourdough yeast containing lactic acid bacteria), the amount of leavening (Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 1.5 and 2%, 1% sourdough yeast cell containing lactobacillus sanfranciscensiscfu/g 103), flours (100% wheat flour, 10% rye flour, rye flour 20%) on the concentration of phytic acid in dough and whole grain toast bread was investigated. The phytic acid was measured in the samples of dough and bread. Analysis of the results using analysis of variance and completely randomized design, test comparison of means was performed using LSD with 18 SPSS software. For comparison of phytic acid in the dough and bread, paired t-test was used to compare phytic acid before and after cooking.
The statistical results showed that by increasing the rye flour in the wheat flour (20% rye) and increasing the amount of yeast (2%) and sourdough as a leavening agent, reduction in the amount of phytic acid occurs and specific volume is increased and hard bread baking is reduced. Baking has affected the amount of phytic acid. Sample with 10% rye sourdough has scored the highest in respect of sensory evaluation.
The application of sourdough and rye reduces phytic acid and improves the quality characteristics of bread produced.

the present study aimed to identify and rank the key tasks of IT leaders in higher education institutions .The research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The study population comprised job descriptions of the CIO from fifty top universities in the US (2014-2015), in the qualitative part and IT managers from public universities in Tehran (Shahid Behshti University, University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology & Amirkabir University of Technology), in the quantitative part. In both qualitative and quantitative parts sampling was purposeful. The qualitative data was obtained based on Bolman and Deal Four-Frame Model using content analysis method. Data analyze completed with the theoretical saturation. The census sampling method was used in quantitative part. A questionnaire was developed based on qualitative results and the validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and also the reliability of it, was estimated at 0/88. Then it distributed among 53 IT managers in the selected institutes. The quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (percentage & mean) and inferential statistics (one sample t test & Friedman test).The results indicated that 13 key tasks and 46 sub-tasks related to IT leaders in higher education institutions were identified; the symbolic dimension with two key roles (inspiration & culture making), political dimension with three key roles(networking, competing & negotiation) , structural dimension with four key roles (strategist planning, monitoring , evaluation and policy making) and human resources dimension with four key roles(HR planning, HR development, performance evaluation & HR motivation) frame respectively were in the first to the fourth of the most important priorities of IT leaders key tasks; it should also be mentioned that the importance of all key tasks were evaluated higher than average.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate students’ social networking in learning-innovation process. This research was carried out using qualitative exploratory approach through the method of grounded theory (systematic method, Strauss & Corbin). The purposeful sampling of study included 47 students from Shahid Beheshti University, Sharif University of Technology, and University of Tehran. The collected data were analyzed via coding procedures (open, axial & selective coding). The results of student’s learning-innovation network model indicate that “management of learning system” is regarded as the core category of student’s social networking. Therefore, the learning system develops interpersonal networks of students. Thus, there is a wide range of consciously and multi-dimensional social participation and social wandering in context of education, which ultimately leads to a variety of consequences from innovation to academic burnout.

The emergence of modern technologies has led to the development of e-learning. However we don’t consider e-learning per se as a separate educational system, that determine the type of education. But E-learning should be reflect the theories and techniques of learning and psychology. E-learning should be facilitate the application of these theories in the learning process. Based on this idea, the purpose of this research evaluation of consideration to the learning theories in e-learning courses shahid Beheshty University.
This research relied on qualitative research methods and content analysis approach and it is done based conle’s model for determine the main categories of learning theories. The research population consisted of the 330 elearning sessions for 22 subjects on faculty of education shahid beheshty LMS in the first semester of 1395-96 year. Sampling method was regular random including 56 e-learning sessions. Data were analyzed using the content analysis approach.
Finding: The results show that more activities in this courses based on behaviorism learning theory (51%). There are a little activities that engagement the learner in the learning process and based on new learning theory such as constructive theory (15%).

Soil is one of the most complex parts of environment that ecosystems health greatly depends on its quality. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral differences of Zn and Pb in the presence of humic substances. An experiment was conducted to measure levels of heavy metals (Zn and Pb), 6 levels of initial concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg L-1) in the presence and absence of fulvic acid in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. The results showed that, in the absence of fulvic acid, Pb adsorption was greater than Zn, whileits presence significantly (p

Today internationalization has become one of the main concerns of the top universities across the world, because internationalization is a highway for making higher quality, branding, incoming, and academic credibility for them. Considering these conditions, the present study aims to design a conceptual framework of the internationalization of medical universities.
The research method in terms of purpose and nature of the data is practical and qualitative respectively. The participants were 16 academic experts whose purposeful and snowball sampling continued to theoretical saturation. The research tool was semi-structured interviews which was analyzed through Theme Analysis Method and by using the QSR-NViv10 software.
The main findings indicated that the total number of non-repetitive codes was 864 that 69 free nodes were extracted among them based on the conceptual similarities, and these nodes were classified in the form of 10 sub themes and 2 main themes and the native model of Internationalization of Medical Sciences Universities designed based on it.
The designed model includes underlying and superstructure factors that the former indirectly affect the internationalization of medical universities and the latter directly and obviously give an international image to medical universities

The aim of this study was identifying the process factors of professional development for elementary teachers of special schools of students with mental retardation in Tehran.
The Mixed method was used. In the qualitative study, the population was consisted of all the education experts. A purposive sampling of 15 experts were selected. The statistical population in the quantitative study was all elementary school teachers who were in Tehran (N=347). Cochran formula was used, and 200 teachers (n=200) were selected by simple random sampling. To collect data, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used. To analysis of qualitative data, thematic analysis, and for quantitative data partial least square method were used.
Finding:The results showed that the process of teachers professional development consists of 7 factors (components). Among these factors, the factor of school-based teacher traininghad the highest factor loading (.86) and the factor of in-service training courses, had the lowest factor loading (.72).Totally, the process factors explained 90% of the changes in the teachers’ professional development.