فهرست مطالب m azarnia

One of main challenges in worldwide is increasing rate of depression and sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drug consumption. Regarding the role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis, this study investigated the effect of duloxetine on viability, apoptosis and expression of Bax and Cx43 (Connexin 43) expression in Sertoli cells.

TM4 Sertoli cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 2.5% FBS, 5% horse serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were treated with different doses of duloxetine (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 μg/ml) for 24 to 72 hours. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. The rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate of Bax (proapoptotic gene) and Cx43 (essential for spermatogenesis) genes.

Duloxetine reduced cell survival in a dose and time-dependent manner. On the basis of MTT data, IC50 was calculated as 15 μg/ml duloxetine (p≤0.05). TM4 cell apoptosis increased compared to the control group at a dose of 15 μg/ml duloxetine (p≤0.01). RT-qPCR results showed increased expression of Cx43 (p≤0.05) and Bax (p≤0.01) genes under the influence of duloxetine.

Considering the flow cytometry data and the increased expression of Bax, duloxetine may induce apoptosis in Sertoli cells and may be a negative and destructive factor for spermatogenesis process. On the other hand, by increasing the expression level of Cx43 gene, duloxetine increases the molecular communication via gap junctions between Sertoli cells and transmits apoptosis-promoting signals to spermatogenic cells which can influence spermatogenesis quantification.

In this study, investigated the effect of flavonoid compounds in walnut skin on the production of insulin-secreting cells.

In this experimental study, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD- MSCs) were differentiated into insulin-producing cells under sterile conditions for 21 days in the presence of flavonoid extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg/ml. Streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg was used to diagnose rats. Dithizone staining (DTZ) for insulin, Immunofluorescence to determine the presence of pancreatic beta-specific proteins, Blood glucose measurement by glucometer, Serum creatine, urea and uric acid levels by calorimetry and Reverse chain reaction transcription E- polymerase (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of PAX4 gene.

AD-MSCs under the above conditions gradually changed from spindle-shaped fibroblasts to circular cells and showed insulin-producing cells using red DTZ dye and insulin secretion .Expression of insulin-pronsulin and beta receptor markers was demonstrated, blood sugar, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels decreased and the expression level of PAX4 gene in experimental groups showed a significant disorder (P≥0.05).

The results showed that AD-MSCs under the flavonoid extract of walnut green skin have the ability to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Insulin-producing cells

The main goal of this study is to determine optimum conditions for mouse 2-celled and 4-celled single blastomeres for high-qualified development into a blastocyst and the production of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from these blastocysts without the presence of feeder cells. At first step, 2 and 4-celled embryos were collected from oviducts. Blastomeres were isolated and cultured in 1 and 5µl of medium in the conditions single, group and with intact embryos. Then, the resultant blastocysts were cultured on gelatin-coated dishes for ESCs production. The expression of specific markers for both blastocysts and ESCs were analyzed with immunocytochemistry and PCR. The results revealed that the volume 1µl was better than 5µl and co-culture with embryos and group culture significantly better supported blastocyst development than single culture. Based on Oct4 expression in the ICM of blastocysts, cell count was performed and also showed significant increase in blastocyst quality. We also demonstrated that 4-celled blastomeres not only have heterogeneity in the potential of development among them, but also have lower potential than 2-celled blastomeres. Finally, it was also shown that, single culture derived-blastocysts could generate embryonic stem cells in the specific medium and these cells showed the differentiation potential into different cells. The method of the present study for the evaluation of single blastomeres developmental potential and the production of ESCs can be used for other species. The production of ESCs without feeder cells in human is an important and big challenge.

To investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat stubbe residues and urea fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) SC. 704, an experiment was carried out, at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Ramin Khuzestan, during the growing season of 2007. The experiment was split plot based on randomized complete block design with two factors and four replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen, as main factor, and six different amounts of wheat residues, as subplot factor. Main plot treatments were: a1= 425, a2= 450, a3= 475 and a4= 500 kg/ha urea fertilizer and subplot treatments were: b1= the all wheat residues (100%), b2= 75, b3= 50 and b4= 25 % of wheat residues, b5= without straw and stubble, b6= burning of wheat residues. The resulats revealed that the effects of urea fertilizer and wheat stubble rate on all traits under study and intractions on seed number per ear and ear number per unit area weresignificant. It was also indicated that high levels of wheat residues reduced corn seed yield and its components. The results also showed that turning under the 50-75 percent residue into the soil before planting corn and not using stubble not only don’t reduce seed yield and its components , they also increase in the long run soil organic matter.

Background and objectives Oxymetholone is an orally-administered active anabolic-androgenic steroid. This drug was synthesized in 1959. It is a 17α-methylated 5α-saturated compound. It is used for the treatment of a variety of diseases including anemia growth delay in children myocardial damage in heart failure and treatment of HIV associated wasting. This is one of the drugs used in high doses by the doping athletes because of its anabolic effects and its influence on muscular mass. In this study the effect of oxymetholone in supraphysiologic doses was evaluated on oogenesis in NMRI mice. Methods In our experiments 12 mg/kg/day oxymetholone was injected intraperitoneally to 4- and 6-week old mice for 70 days. Results The results demonstrated a significant difference between treatment and control groups after both 35 and 70 days of treatment. This drug led to significant decrease in the number of corpus lutea decrease in the number of atretic follicles decrease in the weight and diameter of ovaries decrease in the diameter of granulosa layer increase in number of primordial follicles decrease in number of primary follicles decrease in number of growing follicles decrease in the number of graafian follicles and decrease in the progesterone level. Additionally disordered formation of granulosa layers and growing of oocytes in antra anomaly of the ovular medulla and formation of two oocytes in one folliculus were observed in some mice. Conclusion The results show that oxymetholone decreases the ovarian growth and the rate of ovulation.