m. jafarzadeh

In this study, a combination of petrographic and major element geochemistry of siliciclastic deposits of Lower Permian Doroud Formation in the Zal section in south of Jolfa has been used to investigate the provenance, tectonic setting and paleo-weathering. The thickness of Doroud Formation in Zal section is 112 m consisting of micro conglomerate, red sandstone and shale. Thirteen samples of sorted and medium grained sandstones were examined by point-counting method and 6 samples were examined for determination of their major elements by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The studied samples are frequently sublithic-arenite in composition. The study of the amount and type of monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz and using of discrimination function, indicate that the parent rocks of these deposits are predominantly metamorphic, felsic igneous rocks as well as sedimentary recycled. The presence of chert in petrographic studies has also confirmed the effect of sedimentary recycling from older formations. Petrographic and geochemical studies also indicate the cratonic origin and tectonic setting of the passive continental margin at the time of sediment deposition of the Doroud Formation. Determination of chemical index of alteration (CIA) indicates intense weathering and humid climate in the provenance area, which is consistent with the paleogeography of the Iran in Permian. It seems that factors such as the a long-distance transport on the Arabian Craton, the recycling of older formations and also the humid climate at the time of the deposition of the Doroud Formation, together, have played significant role at the relatively high maturity of this sandstones.

COVID-19 has harmed people's lives and efforts are being made to speed up vaccinations. The growing problem of vaccine uncertainty may affect the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. The objectives of this study were to examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

From July 3 to September 25, 2021, we conducted a web-based, cross-sectional study among the citizens of Ardabil with a snowball sampling strategy under a highly restricted environment. A questionnaire was designed and filled out by 768 participants through social media and email. Associations between COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and determinants were explored using the chi-squared test. Key determinants that predict vaccine acceptance among respondents were modeled through logistic regression analysis.

Of the 932 survey invitees, 768 responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 82.4%). The majority (55.2%) of the study participants were female. Of the 768 respondents, 486 (63.2%) showed interest to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness to get the vaccine is relatively high among older age groups (59.4% among 40+ year old), being married (56.9%), and city dwellers participants (83.09%). In multivariate model, respondents who were above 40 years (OR: 0.7; 95% CI:0.5-0.94), and married (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.97-2.09) were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance (p<0.05). Besides, people having trust in the health system and vaccine were most likely to accept the vaccine (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), and those having a higher perceived risk of acquiring infection were 4.83 times (OR: 4.83; 95% CI: 3.78-6.17) higher odds of accepting the vaccine.

Our study identified religious/personal beliefs and risk perceptions as the most important predictors that would be affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Due to the high sensitivity of the bone marrow to ionizing radiation as well as the large number of bone graphs, it is important to evaluate the absorbed dose in the bone marrow during exposure to radiographic rays. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations to calculate PDD in the femoral bone marrow during exposure to low energy rays.

The present descriptive study was conducted in 2020 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. 100 CT scan images of the femur were selected, of which 28 images were extracted from the beginning to the end of the femur. After simulating the head of the device with normal energies in femoral radiography using BEAMnrc simulator, the information obtained from CT scan images of patients with CT CREAT software, digital femoral phantom was designed. The phantom was digitally irradiated (using DOSXYX simulator) and the absorbed dose percentage (PDD) was calculated using STATE DOSE software. Finally, the data were analyzed using Image Java and Excel software.

The percentage of absorbed dose in femoral bone marrow at energies of 70, 80 and 90 was in the range of 2 to 78%, 5 to 79% and 5 to 76%, respectively. Also, with increasing depth in all energies, the percentage of absorbed dose decreases. For energies of 90 kV and to some extent for energies of 70 and 80 kV, the data show a sudden decrease in the percentage of absorbed dose from a depth of 6 mm to 9 mm. From a depth of 1.1 cm to 1.5 cm, the dose absorbed in the bone marrow varies according to energy.

Monte Carlo simulation method can be an effective method in calculating the absorbed dose in bone marrow tissue. The results show that the calculations of the percentage of absorbed dose up to a depth of 2 cm are significantly accurate. As the depth increases, the accuracy of the calculations (provided that the number of particles participating in the simulation does not increase) gradually decreases.

Occlusion analysis in the primary dentition period can predict the occlusion of permanent dentition. This study aimed to assess the frequency of malocclusion in primary dentition period in 3 to 5-year-old preschoolers in Isfahan city, Iran.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study analyzed the occlusion of primary teeth in 400 children between 3 to 5 years who were selected from 8 kindergartens in Isfahan city during 2019-2020. The dentition of children was clinically examined by a dental mirror and a tongue blade after obtaining consent from the parents. The children had all the primary teeth with no permanent tooth, and had no extraction in their treatment plan. The primary molar relationship, canine relationship, and anterior or posterior crossbite, overbite and overjet were all assessed and recorded. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher’s exact tests.

Of all, 82.75% of the children had flush terminal plane (FTP), 10.25% had distal step, and 6% had mesial step. Class I canine relationship had the highest prevalence (87%) followed by class II (8.25%) and class III (4%). The frequency of increased overjet was 14.25%. Deep bite (15%) was the most prevalent malocclusion. Anterior and posterior crossbite had 6.25% prevalence.

Relatively high prevalence of malocclusion in our study population calls for in-time assessment of primary occlusion for timely detection and management of malocclusions in the primary dentition period to prevent their aggravation.

Delay discounting, as a hot executive function, refers to a tendency toward smaller immediate rewards compered to larger delayed rewards. In the present study we aimed to design a Persian version of delay discounting test and evaluation of its psychometric properties.

In the present cross-sectional study, 219 elementary school students were requited with the mean age of 9.72 years (7-12 years), by non- probably sampling. The delay discounting task was conducted on the subjects. This task was repeated in 35 students after 3 weeks. The ANOVA and Pearson correlation test was performed for the assessment of differential validity and test-retest reliability, respectively.

There was a significant difference between the educational groups and genders, at the level of p<0.05. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.71 that represents the testretest reliability of the delay discounting test.

According to the results of this study girls had a better performance in delay discounting than boys and this task is a reliable and valid test for the evaluation of delay discounting in children.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant retinal tumor, which affects infants and children. This cancer happens through a mutation in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor genes (RB1). Inactivation of RB1 has been observed in more than 97% of all retinoblastoma patients with mutations. In recent years, RB treatment has developed significantly. RB's treatment methods can be one or a combination of the following treatments, including chemotherapy, non-ionizing, or ionizing radiation. This article aimed to review each treatment method's role and its effectiveness in the treatment of RB. Several articles from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus, based on the RB treatments, of which 73 were selected for this study.

It can be concluded that ionizing and non-ionizing radiation play an important role in treating retinoblastoma. It was also shown that a combination of radiation treatments is more effective than traditional therapeutic methods.
Ionized and non-Ionized radiations can be used as an effective treatment to cure retinoblastoma.

The purpose of this study is to scrutiny the status of Academic religious confraternities as one of the social responsibilities of the Islamic Universities.

After identifying the constituent elements of the Academic religious confraternities, through the importance-performance analysis approach, it has been tried to evaluate the performance of these confraternities and in the first stage, 25 constitutive factors of Academic religious confraternities Categorized in 4 sections. After that, the existing and desires status of each of the factors was evaluated by 47 of experts from the field.

The identified components were categorized into the following 4 general strategies: Necessity Vital attention, Persistence on existing excellent status, low priority, and mitigated area that managers of Academic religious confraternities should tailor their actions to each of the strategies outlined.

The authors of the survey concluded that at present, much attention must be focused on the existence of Rabbani [divine] clergy, the system of servant education, and the use of the capacity of the religious confraternities for Issues of the day.

Changes in life styles and different eating habits of communities، increasing in life expectancy and mean life time، have increased incidence of cancer in populations. According to the latest statistical and epidemiological studies in Iran، cancer is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Epidemiologic distribution of cancer in North Khorasan Province.

This was a retrospective study that the information about the cases were collected from hospital records and pathology centers of Bojnurd، from April 2003 to March 2012. Duplicated data were excluded. Type and location of cancer was coded according to the international cancer classification system (ICD-O) and was put into SPSS software.

At last، 2310 new cases were examined in this study، that %58/1 of them were men and %41/9 of them were women (M: F = 1. 4). There was a total numberof2310 male and female cases without secondary cancer (metastatic). The occurrence of cancer in 2013 in North Khorasan Province was 94. 5per 100000 person and the most common cancer in both sexes were skin، esophagus ands to mach and most common cancers in men were skin، stomach، esophagus، and in women were skin، breast، esophagus cancer.

As respects to the multiple pathology centers in Bojnurd and other cities of North Khorasan and optional sampling centers it is necessary for consistency of registration of the cancer patients to make policies towards the detailed cancers records (area and cancers coding) and to provide additional research to identify common risk factors of cancers.