m. taghavi

The present study economically evaluates a combined hydrogen liquefaction configuration using combined heat and power system, photovoltaic cells unit and liquid air energy recovery for precooling under climatic states of Yazd, Iran. The LAC recovery is used to precool hydrogen. Moreover, the cascade refrigeration systems with helium and hydrogen refrigerants are employed to supply refrigeration and liquefaction. The rest of the power required for refrigeration cycles to liquefy hydrogen is supplied by PVC unit. This integrated structure generates liquid hydrogen by receiving 5559 kW of power from PVC unit, 60.79 kg/h of natural gas, 8000 kg/h of liquid air and 1028 kg/h of gaseous hydrogen as inputs. The annualized cost of the configuration is applied to economically evaluate the hydrogen liquefaction system using renewable energies. The developed integrated structure is economically evaluated by HYSYS V10 software and m-file code in the MATLAB package. The economic research results of the hybrid cycle indicate the period of return, prime price of liquid hydrogen production and additive value are 4.249 years, 5.432 USD/kg LH2 and 1.567 USD/kg LH2, respectively. The economic sensitivity examination of the combined system reveals POR increases from 2.295 to 13.97 years and net annual profit decreases from 32.66 to 5.366 MMUSD/year by increasing the gaseous hydrogen cost from 1.4 to 3.4 USD/kg LH2. Moreover, POR increases from 2.753 to 25.07 years and levelized cost of product increases from 5.02 to 7.488 US$/kg LH2 by increasing the capital cost from 52.5 to 217.5 MMUSD.

Conventional cancer therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not tumor site-specific and have cytotoxic and harmful side effects for normal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their tumor-tropism migration property, are a promising alternative to deliver and produce antitumor agents. However, MSCs are difficult-to-transfect cells, and introducing the exogenous therapeutic gene into MSCs is challenging yet needs improvement. Transfection using chemical reagents, including Lipofectamine, is more convenient and less cytotoxic compared with different methods of introducing exogenous DNA into MSCs. Nonetheless, the major limitation of Lipofectamine is low transfection efficiency in MSCs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and suggest the optimum quantities of lipoplex components to enhance the transfection efficiency of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hASCs). Finding the best transgene expression time point and the optimum concentration of G-418 for antibiotic-based selection was another goal of this study. hASCs were transfected in a series of experiments with altering the quantities of Lipofectamine LTX® (Lip-LTX), the related “PLUS” reagent, and a plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). After transfection, the percentage of eGFP-expressing cells was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software in 12-hour intervals for 48 hours. Also, the viability of hASCs exposed to different concentrations of G-418 was measured using an MTT assay. The results demonstrated that a combination of 2 µL Lip-LTX, 0.75 µL of its “PLUS” reagent, and 0.75 g pDNA (6484 bp) improve the transfection efficiency of hASCs (23.75%), and the best period for evaluation of fluorescence for these cells is 12 to 24h post-transfection. Also, the optimum concentration of G-418 for antibiotic-based selection of hASCs was 0.25mg/mL. In conclusion, this study indicates that the setting up of optimized quantities of lipoplex components and the golden time of evaluation for transgene expression could increase the possibility of transgene expression in hASCs before beginning research and clinical application. Also, the definition of optimal dose of selection antibiotic for purification of transfected hASCs seems to be necessary for maximum transgene expression effects in the cell population.

Nowadays, one of the ways to confront with the micronutrients deficiency is application of Nano materials to increase the availability of elements such as zinc for plants.  Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate chemical fertilizer on the zinc chemical forms in soil solution phase and its correlation with zinc concentrations and uptake in wheat. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatment consisted of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles of Hydroxyl (OH), Carboxyl (COOH) and Amine (NH2), each at three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1), ZnSO4 (40 kg.ha-1) and Control (without using iron oxide nanoparticles). At the end of the cultivation period, soil chemical properties such as pH, soil available zinc and dissolved organic carbon and concentrations and the uptake of zinc in plant were measured. The results showed that pH, available zinc and dissolved organic carbon content of soil solution were significantly affected by the treatments. The results obtained from the Visual MINTEQ Geochemical model showed that the highest amount of the free form of zinc (Zn2+) was obtained at the level of 300 mg.kg-1 of carboxyl iron oxide nanoparticles. Also, the experimental treatments significantly influenced the concentration of Zn-DOM species. The positive and significant correlation between Zn+2 and Zn- DOC species with the concentration and total Zn uptake of wheat indicated that these pools of Zn could be liable species in soil. The results of this study, therefore, showed that the application of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles could help to improve soil conditions in order to increase the zinc availability for plants.

The prevention the using of unauthorized tissues (such as skin, bone, cartilage, soya, etc.) in the production of meat products in recent years has been very much considered. This is done to identify offending production units and increase consumer confidence in meat products. Histological method should be used to control the ingredients of meat products, along with chemical tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of histological experiments to reduce the violations of the use of unauthorized tissues in meat products (Sausages, Kielbasa, burgers, Kabab Loghmeh and nuggets). For this purpose, in the period of three years, from the second half of 2014 to the end of the first half of 2017, samples were sent to three laboratories for the detection of unauthorized tissues in the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Esfahan were evaluated and recorded. The final results of the data recording after the end of the three-year period were evaluated by statistical software and the results were presented in the chart and picture. The results showed a significant decrease in the use of unauthorized tissues during the course of the study. By presenting the results of this research, we can be stated that histological examination as a diagnostic test has been able to play a role in preventing the use of unauthorized tissues in meat products.

The present study aimed to compare the effects of religious-spiritual intervention and hope therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression of spouses of veterans with  the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Using the pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up, this quasi-experimental study was conducted among spouses of veterans who had referred to Sadr hospital in Tehran since 2003 to 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (each group 17 persons). The data were collected using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS-17) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21). The experimental groups 1 and 2 were trained three times a week in eight sessions. A week after termination of training sessions, posttest was administered for the two experimental groups and the control group. Three months after termination of training program, participants were tested again to follow up the training effects. To compare the effectiveness of the approaches, two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) mixed design was used.

Both religious-spiritual and hope interventions significantly reduced stress, anxiety, and depression of spouses of veterans with PTSD compared to the control group and also the effects have been stable after a three-month follow-up (p<0.01). Whereas, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two interventions on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression of spouses of veterans compared to the control group (p>0.05).

The two religious-spiritual and hope approaches are effective as interactive interventions on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression of spouses of veterans with PTSD, and there is no reference between them.

Meta-heuristic Algorithms (MA) are widely accepted as excellent ways to solve a variety of optimization problems in recent decades. Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a novel Meta-heuristic Algorithm (MA) that has been generated a great deal of research interest due to its advantages such as simple implementation and powerful exploitation. This study proposes a novel GWO-based MA and two extra features called Individual Best Memory (IBM) and Penalty Factor (PF) to train Feed-forward Neural Network (FNN) for the classification of Sonar and Radar datasets. Besides, FNN is accompanied by Feature Selection (FS) using GWO. Experiments were done on Sonar and Radar datasets obtained from the University of California, Irvin (UCI) to evaluate the performance of the proposed MA; the results demonstrated the proposed MA is markedly better than GWO in terms of classification accuracy, avoiding local optima stagnation, and convergence speed. This framework can be applied to naval navigation systems or atmospheric research.

Due to the fresh water scarcity in many parts of the world, desalinating of water and wastewaters has been taken into consideration now. Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new technology which can desalinate water, generate electricity, and simultaneously purify wastewaters in a reactor. However, low current generation and deionization are from main challenges of this process. This study aimed to improve the MDCs efficacy. Three-cell MDC consisted of anode, cathode, and middle chambers, was designed. Here, ozone was used as a new electron acceptor in MDC (O3-MDC), and middle chamber solution containing 20 g/L NaCl was pretreated by ultrasonic process. The reactor operated under oxygen diffusion (O2-MDC), and without ultrasonic pretreatment was chosen as control. Biofilm formation on anode surface and dominant bacteria in the O3-MDC reactor were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively.
Findings: saltwater pre-treatment caused to increase the electrical conductivity from 28.1 ms/cm to 35.5 ms/cm. Moreover, the use of ozone in the reactor significantly improved the reactor performance in terms of bioelectricity generation and water desalination, so that O2-MDC and O3-MDC were able to remove 74% and 55.58% of NaCl from water, respectively. Proteobacteria, firmicuites and acidobacteria were dominant microbial communities in the anode biofilm based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Modified MDC can be a good option for water desalination if properly navigated. Although the process is still subject to some limitations, conducting such studies can provide basics of process operationalization and commercialization.

The question of how to confront the West has always been an important issue for Iranians and their political and intellectual elites. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a product of such a concern. Ayatollah Morteza Motahari, as one of the most important ideologue of the Islamic Revolution, tried to provide an account of Islam that is able to compete with new Western ideologies, particularly Marxism, in order to prevent the youth from being attracted to such ideologies. He created new meanings and notions derived from religious, traditional and even modern roots. In this paper, the main question is how the West is represented in Motahari’s political discourse. The post-colonial approach is the theoretical framework and Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis theory is the research method. The findings of the research indicate that Motahari through representation and creation of otherness draws an identity boundary between “us” (Iranians) and the other (the West), and represents the latter with signifiers such as imperialist, exploiter, evil, cruel and darkness.

Considering that the feelings of lack of individual self-efficacy and belonging to school are of the predictors of academic failure in education, the purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of the recognizable behavioral consultancy as the gregarious method on improving the educational self-efficacy and sense of school belonging among the students with educational failure. In this semi-experimental study, among all guidance school students with academic failure in Shahriar City, 30 students were selected using accidental sampling method. They were then divided into two groups of 15, experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral counseling for 15 hours. The measuring tools consist of the Berry, Betti and Watt’s scene of belonging survey and the Ginkez and Moorgan’s self-efficacy questionnaire both with reliable recognition. The results of this study indicated that cognitive behavioral counseling improved significantly the educational self-efficacy and the sense of school belonging (p=0.0001). According to the results of the present study, cognitive group counseling therapy may increase academic self-efficacy and also promotes the sense of belonging to school in schoolchildren

Due to the importance of identifying the major characteristics of Artemia populations, in this study some physiologic, biometric, nutritional and genetic characteristics of one Artemia population from Iran named Arak’s Artemia (Mighan Lake) was studied. The hatched larvae of Artemia were reared in the saline water of 80 g/l with standards method in which percentage of survival and growth were evaluated on days 3, 7, 11 and 15 of culture period. In order to study the morphometric characteristics of Artemia, diameter of full cysts as well as 11 more morphological parameters of adult Artemia were measured. The fatty acids profile were analyzed by gas chromatography. The Genetic characteristics were compared with other Artemia populations by sequencing after PCR amplification of Hsp 26 gene. According to the results, the diameter of cysts and nauplii instar were 276.28 and 544.66 micron, respectively. The growth and survival of brine shrimp Artemia, in comparison with other populations, reflected good growth and survival of this population. The results of fatty acids profile also showed higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids in this Artemia compared to other populations cultured under identical conditions. The morphometric characteristics and genetic study of Hsp 26 gene showed great affinity of this population with the parthenogenetic brine shrimp Artemia. However, individual differences could be used to characterize this population.

Final corrections on a manuscript sent for publication in a scientific journal are suggested by reviewers. So this qualifies the paper with the least errors for publication. The present study aimed to assess the Persian language peer reviewer's comments on a manuscript sent to an Iranian Scientific Journal (journal of Rafsanjan university of medical sciences), 2010.

In this descriptive study, a manuscript which was sent to a scientific journal for publication was sent to 30 peer reviewers to obtain their comments. This approach was the routine method of the journal in peer reviewing the manuscripts. When peer reviewer's comments come back to the editorial office, a trained expert recorded the information on an anonymous checklist. The checklist included a list of nine items which were expected to be reported by peer reviewers as their comments. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Fourteen respondents (about 50%) sent their comments back in due date. Of these, five were affiliated with other universities and nine were affiliated to the journal university. Nine were female (64%) and 5 were males (%35/7). With one exception, peer reviewers inside the journal university were more successful than peer reviewers outside the journal university in distinguishing the other eight general items. No a peer reviewer reported all of the nine items. Among the nine items, "sample size" was reported by the highest proportion (64%) of peer reviewers.

Peer reviewing should be improved among peer reviewers of the scientific journal of this study and proper interventions should be conducted. More investigations are needed to cover more scientific journals and more peer reviewers.

A total of 59 specimens of Rhodeus  sericeus amarus  are  caught by handnet from two different station of Zardi River in the south-eastern costal of Caspian sea at the autumn and winter of 2009 and spring of 2010 . The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of Shahid Rajaee site. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed.The eye ,skin,gill,digestive system,muscle and the other organism´s of the specimens were examined for parasite infestation. Six parasites species were identified.These parasites are as following:  Trichodina sp. from skin and branchia, Dactylogyrus sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and branchia, Diplostomum spathaceum from eye̓ s, Postodiplostomum sp. from skin, Capillaria amurensis from intestine were found in the Rhodeus  sericeus amarus  of Zardi River.The most prevalent parasite was Trichodina sp. (49/15%) and the least was Diplostomum spathaceum(13/55%)

Theileriosis is an important protozoal disease of domestic ruminants especially cattle, sheep and goats which is transmitted by various species of Theileria infected ticks. Anemia, electrolytic disorders and vasculitis are amongst the cardiovascular complications of theileriosis. In this study, 90 cows with theileriosis were evaluated by clinical examination, parasitologic tests and electrocardiography. In Theileria infected cattle, after 30 minutes of rest and any treatment, a 30 second ECG was recorded in lead I to determine the types of arrhythmias present. Based on electrocardiographic findings frequently observed arrhythmias included 62 cases of sinus tachycardia, 15 cases of sinus arrhythmia, 6 cases of first degree atrio-ventricular block, 1 case of ventricular extra systole and 1 case of atrial fibrillation. According to the type of arrhythmias, it can be concluded that arrhythmias in cows with theileriosis are functional and nonpathologic.

In order to study genetic diversity among East Azarbaijan and Fars provinces isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, samples were collected from potato fields. A total of 35 bacterial isolates from East Azarbaijan province, three isolates from Fars province and one isolate from infected tubers of Karaj market were isolated from potato samples. DNA fingerprinting with two rep-PCR primers (BOX and Rep) was performanced on selected isolates including five isolates from East Azarbaijan, three from Fars, one from Karaj market and two from Costa Rica as standard isolate. The length of produced fragments ranged from 200 bp to 1200 bp in BOX primer and 200 bp to 1500 bp in Rep primer. The grouping of isolates using UPGMA method and Jaccard`s coefficient which obtained from combined molecular data of the both primers grouped the isolates of R. solanacearum in two distinguished clusters. Group one included Fars isolates biovar N2 and group two consisted of eight biovar 2A. The results of this study indicated that rep-PCR technique with two Rep and BOX primers is capable to show differences among biovars 2A and between biovar 2A and biovar N2 as well as genetic polymorphism among different populations of R. solanacearum.

The aperiodic autocorrelations of those polynomials having coefficients on the unit circle has been useful in telecommunication theory. In this paper we first introduce one such polynomial type and then present a simple relation on its autocorrelations.