majid zarei

This research aims to design and test the success model of e-learning in the educational industry. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach of grounded theory and the quantitative approach of structural equation modeling. Experts, management university professors, managers of e-learning institutes, and experts formed the statistical community, 8 of these people were selected as a statistical sample in the qualitative section and 70 of these people were selected in the quantitative section. To perform the aforementioned analysis, MAXQDA software version 2020 was used in the qualitative section and structural equation modeling software using Smart PLS version 4 software was used in the quantitative section. Qualitative findings showed that the causal conditions of the e-learning success model consisted of 33 primary codes and 6 sub-categories; background conditions included 24 primary codes and 5 sub-categories; the intervening conditions consisted of 36 primary codes and 8 sub-categories. E-learning success model strategies consisted of sub-categories of geographical business development, the role of planning in electronic education, the need to take advantage of today's achievements, the use of e-learning to reduce costs, cultural factors, and e-learning, e-learning requirements, business strategy, designing the basic platform of electronic education, e-learning success requirements, and the ability of electronic educational businesses. Moreover, the findings showed the consequences of the success model of e-learning including the benefits of e-learning, interaction in electronic learning environments, the role of e-learning in educational businesses, community and e-learning, the potential of e-learning, e-learning and business, and its recommendation for electronic education. Quantitative findings also showed that the research model is well-fitted.

The face of the city expresses the identity and culture of the people of the city. Appearance and scenery are one of the important and influential aspects on the quality of citizen's life. The color used in the composition of visual and landscape components is one of the important and necessary effects in the quality of urban spaces. The use of different colors in urban spaces makes the user of the space benefit from the space according to his social and cultural conditions. On the other hand, urban spaces are the supply of people's presence and activity, and citizens engage in social interactions in urban spaces, and part of their daily needs are met in these spaces. Therefore, the appropriate use of color in the design of urban spaces can have a positive effect on the attraction and behavioral understanding of the citizens of the urban environment and increase the vitality, dynamism, sense of peace, satisfaction and security of the users. Proper lighting at night have a significant impact on the night life of urban spaces. Colors have the ability to show one urban space cold and soulless and another lively and dynamic, which of course depends on culture and social conditions. Colors create a diverse background of contrasts during the day and at different hours of the day and night. Choosing the type of color and paying attention to its contrast in different environmental conditions and climates is another important and necessary point for designing urban spaces. Neglecting the appropriate design of colors can lead to users' anxiety and even their aggression, and bring spatial and visual disturbances. In today's cities, the variety of colors has decreased, and this has caused the cities to become gray and monotonous, which shows more attention to function compared to form and body.The Purpose of the Research:The most important goal of this research was to create color harmony, increase the presence of citizens, make the urban space memorable and lasting through the formulation of the principles of the city's color palette in the city of Tehran.

In this research, the principles of creating a creative urban color palette have been discussed in the pedestrian area of Panzdeh Khordad in Tehran .In this research, the international method of Lucher and Cadwell has been developed . This model is based on the preferences expressed by the citizens and the psychology of colors by them and finally suggests a suitable color palette for the urban design of the range. The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical. Questioning and statistical methods have been used to determine the desired color palette of citizens on the 15 Khordad sidewalk street.

According to the results of the questionnaire, citizens have welcomed yellow, red and turquoise colors. Black, brown and gray colors are not very desirable from the point of view of the statistical community. The results of psychological analysis show that most of the citizens are trying to gain respect. Another group of statistical samples integrate and combine ideas and feelings. These items have been used in the presented plan to improve and modify the market area.

In this research, after reviewing the literature on the subject and identifying the basics of using color in urban spaces and the psychological effects of colors on users, how to intervene in the design of the principles of the color palette of Panzeh Khordad pedestrian area in a creative way that leads to an increase The presence of citizens should be limited. The 15 Khordad sidewalk is one of the examples of urban spaces with these conditions, which currently have many users. This urban space mainly consists of a lot of uniform neutral colors with a predominance of gray. The environment of this sidewalk, is one of the lively and dense urban spaces of Tehran, has the ability to use color better in design and improve the quality of space, which leads to increasing vitality, presence, staying in the space and forming an image. It will be favorable for users. Therefore, colors have a special effect on the design of urban spaces and its quality, as well as the presence, staying, perception and mental imagination of users.

Sunni and Shia exegetes are not aligned in their views regarding the meaning of verse 53 of the al-Fussilat Chapter, commonly known as the verse of Āfāq and Anfus (lit. horizons and souls, referring to the external world and the internal one of one’s soul). Therefore, the meanings of external signs, internal signs, the object of the words ḥaq (truth, reality) and shahīd (witness and, in other usages, martyr) in this verse are not clear. Considering the importance of divine intent regarding this verse, the present article claims that the way of these scattered views is to precisely explain the object of the word “ḥaq” and the consistency of the beginning of the verse with what follows. Thus, in this article, utilizing a critical-analytical method, and after presenting a jurisprudential classification of the different types of this relationship in the works of the exegetes, a new approach known as the criteria approach has been suggested. The results of the study show that the attribution of the Quran and its bringer to the “Lord of the Worlds” is a truth that can be traced through the polytheists of Hijaz through two independent albeit unequally ranked ways; one is through the presentation of external and internal signs and the other sufficient divine testimony on this subject. In this approach, the presentation of external and internal signs will be separate from the terminological and prevalent meaning arising from the Sufi-mystic movement.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the direct and deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent. This prevalent behavior can have physical, psychological, and social consequences.

This study aimed to explain NSSI in adolescents based on Hooley’s negative self-association model.

The sample consisted of 223 high school students in public schools in Tehran province, of whom 63 were self-injured and 160 were non-self-injured. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling. The data were gathered using the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI), Forms of Self-criticism/Attacking and Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS), Emotional Avoidance Strategy Inventory for Adolescents (EASI-A), Self-punishment Scale (SPS), Self-injury Implicit Association Test (SI-IAT), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was performed based on structural equation modeling (SEM) using the statistical software IBM SPSS AMOS v22.0.

The SEM indicated that among the goodness of fit indices, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA were in the desired range. Negative self-association played a central role in NSSI attempts. There was a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between self-punishment and self-injury. Negative associations made people more inclined to avoid negative emotions, but no significant relationship was found with NSSI. However, the path of negative self-association and its relationship with accessibility to and identification with self-injury and attempt to NSSI did not have enough significance and led to a decrease in the model’s fit.

Consistent with the findings of research conducted in the field of self-injury, this study showed that negative self-associations play a central role in attempting NSSI. The results of this study provide a new guideline for designing prevention and treatment programs for self-injuring behavior.

Urban catalyst is known as one of the important and effective strategies because of its benefits in relation to the inner growth of cities.

The overall and main purpose of the present study is to explain the framework for applying the catalyst strategy in the sustainable regeneration of inefficient urban areas and the practical purpose of the research is to apply the catalyst strategy in the regeneration of Panbehriseh neighborhood.

The present study is based on the purpose of applied-developmental type and in terms of methodological approach is qualitative-quantitative, which has been done in two parts of theoretical and practical studies using descriptive-analytical method and analysis has been done through the SWOT analysis matrix and the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM).
Geographical Context: Panbehriseh Neighborhood, Qazvin City.

By reviewing previous studies, the theoretical framework of the research has been explained based on physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions, and based on it, other steps of the research including identifying, analysis and presentation of strategies have been done that, in the section of cognition, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Panbehriseh neighborhood have been analyzed in the form of SWOT and with the help of it, catalyst strategies have been expressed. Finally, using QSPM, strategies for sustainable regeneration of textures have been prioritized and presented.

The results obtained from the findings indicate that the inefficiency of a texture depends on various factors that, if identified correctly and in a timely manner, the tissue can be protected from the risk of decline and gradual death. One of the ways to save such tissues is to regenerate them with catalyst strategy, which, with the help of small and large scale stimulus projects, affects sustainable regeneration by restoring dynamism and vitality to inefficient textures. Catalyst strategies and projects derived from them, if implemented properly, can help increase prosperity and development in the neighborhood, and inject dynamism and mobility into the texture. Therefore, catalyst strategies, by defining useful and executive stimulus projects, can play an important role in the sustainable regeneration of inefficient tissues, including the Panbehriseh neighborhood of Qazvin city.

One of the miraculous aspects the Qur'an is its news of the unseen and its prediction about the future. Thus, some commentators have analyzed the joy of the believers in the first verses of chapter al-Rom under the effect of such an intellectual circumstance. Given the importance of discovering the divine intention from this verse of chapter al-Rom, the present study attempts to highlight the happiness and delight of believers via offering a suitable classification of the differences in the readings of the mentioned verses. After criticizing various opinions in this regard, the results of the research indicate that based on the famous reading the believers’ joy derives from "Allah’s help". This help is the very definite divine promise that the true religion with its all dimensions will prevail over the world. In the meantime, the Quranic prediction that the Roman will conquer Iran was a clear sign of the fulfilment of other divine predictions. This event on its due time made the believers delighted and confident that Allah’s another promise, that Allah helps believers, will be fulfilled.

User planning of urban land, has been trying to find some methods for better distribution of urban service in its whole lifetime. nowadays more important issues _such as justice which tries to assimilate residents_ has been entered into this science and space justice becomes the foremost subject. The current procedure in urban service distribution, regarding given and specified standards, has used need recognition method and it has been totally need-based and without considering residents’ demands and people’s participation or the same demand-based procedure. Whereas some susceptible urban areas like non-efficient urban context, has sustained more damage and this has led to citizens’ dissatisfaction. This study aims to compare and analyze two kinds of need-based planning considering standards and demand-based planning considering real needs and opinions of residents, and in this way it improves citizens and people’s participation during planning procedure and it tries to elevate social justice and keep residents in their place of living specially in non-efficient urban context. This study is practical and uses descriptive-analytical method to compare the principle of standard-based and the principle of demand-based. Two criteria of urban per capita and standard of access points for the principle of standard-based and residents’ poll for the principle of demand-based have been chosen by questionnaire and analysis in SPSS, and the results have been visualized in GIS by IDW method. The outcomes of this compare, show a significant difference in the view and the results of planning based on urban standards and planning based on people’s opinions.

By increasing the rate of migration to cities and the horizontal and vertical expansion of cities, the environmental system appears, and artificial elements replace natural elements such as trees and vegetation in the environment. The imbalance between artifact and natural elements has led to the emergence of new phenomena such as thermal islands. The environmental and livelihood conditions in Tehran metropolitan area have been affected by the deficiencies of this phenomenon, due to the large scale applications such as Mehrabad Airport. The study area is located near the focal point of the urnan heat islands of Tehran metropolis. The main purpose of the research is to revisit the effect of thermal islands in urban life using urban design methods and techniques in the Tehransar area. In order to identify the effective factors in reducing the adverse effects of this emerging phenomenon, using a descriptive-analytical research method, benefiting from library studies, electronic publishing, and field research, data were gathered. Considering the findings of the research in the field of theoretical foundations and understanding the scope of the design, by presenting design strategies, it can be partly reduced the adverse effects of this phenomenon. The final achievement of this research has been presented as a developmental plan that can be used to reduce the environmental deficiencies caused by thermal islands in this area.

 Behavioral design of urban spaces should be considered as a democratic and human value in nowadays urban developments, in order to meet various human behaviors in a non-deterministic, impartial, and disinterested fashion. However, the inattention to democratic and behavioral values provides an intolerable problem in the process of urban design in Iran, ignoring the importance of multiple qualities and realities (social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and even technological) of existing urban spaces. The deterministic urban projects, which is partly derived from limited and exclusionary capitalism, and also the deterrent traditional urban attitudes and personal interests in our country, literally jeopardize our urban spaces and cause them to lose their "Public and Civic" character  and essence. The urban environment, therefore, no longer accommodates a wide range of users, as well as the interactions and varied democratic behaviors associated with them, and thus the concept of “Freedom in Action and Behavior” is sorely neglected more than ever. As a result of these shortcomings, people have no incentives to take active roles in urban spaces and just do some mere necessities on the basis of this deterministic context, and, therefore, the correlation between human and city is fractured left and right. This problematical complicated situation leads to the emersion of degraded spaces with underdeveloped behavioral values and undemocratic contents. Thus, the shape and content of many of our cities (of course if we can call them cities because of the lack of articulation between “urbs” and “civitas”) are transformed into the collections of mere populations, substandard spaces, and dense soulless buildings. How beautiful Barati says “the cities of our country have become Noncity, which leads to social despair”. These statements actually shed a light on the fact that our current cities have lost their spatial, local, and humanistic features and thus people are mutually forced to reiterate repetitive and populistic behaviors. We should be aware of what is turn to a really important matter today, that the less we honor open and democratic urban societies and behavior-based spaces, the more we will face with disinterested and passive urban users.   

This study seeks to find a rational responsive framework by scrutinizing the behavioral and democratic urban theories, an anti-elitism and anti-totalitarianism framework that might comprise absent characteristics and criteria of our urbanism and can crystalize some effective solutions in the process of democratic design of behavioral urban spaces for removing the widespread deep-rooted urban dilemma, which we are facing with. Research hypothesis: the actualization of behavioral-based and democratic realities of our urban spaces (which can be called the process of democratic design of behavioral urban spaces) can lead to more people-friendly and efficient urban structures. Research

This study is conducted through content analysis and comparative methods. The analyses and descriptions are also followed by a non-interventionist approach that solely tries to systematically highlight the scattered patterns and points throughout a set of texts. The required information is also collected through the structured study of related theoretical documents. Findings and

This study partly discovers that the urban design practices should not be seen as a lever to “Radical Exercise of Power”, but as a tool for achieving “Humanistic Participatory Development”. Accordingly, there are two important issues here: “Behavioral Freedom” and “Democracy”, which have to be perceived with big “B and F” and “D”, on a grand scale, in their purest nature and most fundamental and impressive forms. In this study, therefore, an attempt is made to collect the required characteristics of behavioral urban spaces, and to extract the general criteria for democratic urban design within two environmental (i.e. responsive qualities) and social (i.e. the right to the city and public participation) dimensions, to exactly integrate them, and subsequently attain the process of democratic design of behavioral urban spaces. The realization of this process may turn our urban environments to a suitable context for the manifestation of a wide range of “Voluntary and Social” activities, vis-à-vis the “compulsory” ones. Thereby, the urban spaces will be democratically formed based on behavioral and social values; in fact, people will absolutely utilize the practical freedom to make their places more democratic based on their needs, the kind of places that can bring “Multiplicity” and “Throwntogetherness” into action.

Abstract Supply chain of agricultural products plays an important role in formation and coherence of businesses and economic activities of agricultural sector and food security. While Hamedan province stands in the first rank of potato production in Iran, it still faces various concerned challenges such as supply of resources, fluctuations in production, product losses, lack of processing infrastructure, and market regulation, slowing down the function of supply chain of potatoes. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying and analyzing the inhibitory components of development of potato supply chain in Hamedan province. Given the large number of farmers' statistical population (N=6120), a sample of 246 potato producers was selected in the studied area, using Cochran formula. The required data and information were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts and researchers in the subject area and the reliability of which was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.79). For analyzing the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, factor analysis technique was used. The results of the factor analysis revealed that there were six factors, including technical-infrastructural, social and service, policy-making, economic, educational and extensional and environmental factors explaining overall 60.38 percent of the variance of total deterrent factors. Based on the results, among others, the technical-infrastructural factor plays the most important role in the development of the potato supply chain. So, planning and investment in updating the technologies used in chain loops and also the development of mechanization at various stages of production, maintenance, conversion and processing, transportation and distribution can accelerate the supply chain development.

urban planning expected achievements in Iran, despite its long history, have not been satisfactory & they have not been able to materialize the welfare promised. even the most recent urban planning methods, often based on collaborative patterns, have not responded to the needs of citizens. Failure to implement these programs is affected by several factors. Lack of participation due to behavioral patterns of citizens is considered as an important obstacle. Thus the purpose of the present paper which is based upon a field study, is to identify socio-behavioral barriers that have caused urban residents to be reluctant to participate in collaborative approaches; the case study is a historical neighborhood in Qazvin city named Bolaghi.

The paradigm of the study is interpretational; this kind of epistemology requires "qualitative" techniques in order to measure effectively those barriers mentioned above. Therefore, the technique used to collect data through "in-depth interviews" with the residents of the Bolaghi neighborhood.

The study led to the production of a list of about 70 types of barriers to participation in 14 categories, originating from the behavioral patterns of citizens with in a largely cultural-historical context. Also, in a comparative study, it was found that the use of an asset based community development (ABCD) model could eliminate about 35 to 40 percent of citizens' behavioral barriers and to elevate residents’ participation.

The review and alignment of the participatory planning process is essential by improving the understanding of the existing situation in the urban community of Iran and considering the behavior patterns of the citizens. Behaviors that are mostly reactive and in a complex structure combined with governance policies. Therefore, it is important to formulate appropriate planning patterns. As experience has shown, the use of participatory models solely based upon Western experiences will not be fruitful taking Iranian context into consideration.

The urban space is the setting for embodiment of public life and social discourse in a context involving the components of responsibility for place quality. Consideration of place quality as perceived by the users of an urban space at the same level as place components as assumed by the urban designers demonstrates the concern for the social aspect of the space, facilitating the realization of the perceptional urban design scheme. The application of the scheme in the organization and revitalization of any urban environment makes it possible to simultaneously consider three basic factors in the acquisition of the perceived quality of place: urban environment or space, space users, and space designers. This suggests the necessity of citizens’ active participation in intervention in urban areas. Design of public places with desirable physical and visual quality in accordance with citizen’s perceptional characteristics and capabilities is what urban designers are responsible for. The aim of participation for professionals as social advisors is to provide the required technical assistance to help realize the aspirations of the community with appropriate solutions. The present study attempts to organize the components of the quality of urban environment from the viewpoint of experts and practical urban design projects after encoding them from functional (use, convenience, and activity), physical, perceptual, semantic, and environmental aspects. According to studies conducted in the area of environment quality and the relevant theoretical approaches, assessment of perceived place quality in the investigated environment from the space users’ and designers’ perspectives was considered in this applied research as the approach of choice within the conceptual model framework for provision of an area where the citizens have a peace of mind. The study sought to obtain the components associated with each of the aspects of urban environment quality, norms and measures of the aspects of urban design, and sub-measures and policies of the perceptual and semantic aspects of urban design as the research framework of the paper. For that purpose, the Imamzadeh Saleh (PBUH) urban complex in Tajrish, Tehran (including the space in front of the Imamzadeh and the marketplace and the area between the stream bed and Tajrish Square) was investigated in a case study. In the evaluation of the perceptual measures of the place under investigation, the quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the questionnaire in the extraction of the respondents’ subjective information on the quality of place were assessed as maps and diagrams in a descriptive-analytical survey. Assessment of urban space perception obtains the factors involved in spatial perception using the measure arrangement method under a classification of perceptual qualitative norms as visual perception, conceptual interaction with the environment, discipline, or quality of view and landscape in the perceptual aspect of the urban space or as interpretation, meaningful communication, or identity in the semantic aspect. The results applied in the revitalization of the urban complex and its future conception in accordance with the perceptual-semantic norms of place led the authors to statement of a series of purposes in line with the qualitative norm measures of the perceptual-semantic aspects of environmental responsibility and formulation of the design principles, purposes, and administrative policies. Another finding of the study was that the length of the citizens’ confrontation and interaction with the citizens and the environment under investigation is also effective on perception of the space and its depth and nature. The research demonstrated that there are still controversies between the public and experts both on issues such as vitality and on the expectations of the two groups about the area of investigation, although they are agreed in general. Therefore, the paper sought to answer the following questions. What qualitative measures and norms are relevant in evaluation of the perceptual-semantic aspects of place? What design policies make it possible to achieve the perceptual-semantic measures and norms of place in general? How are the perceptual-semantic measures considered in the future conception of the studied area statement of its macro-purposes and, therefore, formulation of the design principles, design micro-purposes, and administrative policies of the design product?

This research, aiming at achieving general principles of giving identity to the central context of cities, through examining the theoretical basis for the research subject, in general, including two concepts of identity and city’s central context, In order to achieve the research objectives, the Behshahr central part was studied by questionnaire and organized interviews with people, observations and fieldwork, recourse related institutions and studying existing plan and studying library resources. And the present status of the area was analyzed by SWOT table. Based on this fact the researcher applied descriptive approach - Case study.
Based on the results of the study, in order to identifying design the central context of city; it is necessary to identify the central context of city in physical, functional and social - perceptual dimensions and to get acquainted with the people in the three groups of residents, practitioners and users, two main factors including space individuation and identity of respondent with space, has been selected as major objectives, and strategies and design alternatives have been proposed in order to achieve the two general purposes in accordance with the main characteristics of an urban center.

There are two major currents in the explanation of the eternal problem among the Quran exegetes. Some believe that the eternal in hell means immortality and some others accept that it means that a long stop and not immortality. Majority of the Quran exegetes have accepted the first opinion but it faces challenges. One of the problems which should mention for this idea is the argument (reason) being extracted from the 93rd verse of sūrat al_Nisāʼ. This verse has used the general (ʿām) word for the murderer which it includes the believers especially the address in the preceding and next verses has been delivered to the believers. Whereas, according to the Islamic teachings such as shafa'ah (intercession) traditions, the believers will never remain in the hell forever. With applying the maxim “the suspension of hukm in the attribute which implies to the reason” which has been propounded in ilm usul al_fiqh (the Principles of Islamic jurisprudence), meanwhile removing this contradiction, the present research will show that the faith (iman) attribute of the killed has been regarded in the hukm (ruling) and the killing intentionally and hostilely for the faith of the killed has been paid attention which it has no harmony with the soul of faith. It will be clear that not only such punishment from God who is just and kind for this killing is not counted cruelty and it has not prohibited by intellect and at the end it is counted wisdom (al-hikmah) but also the ruling of eternal living of these groups in the hell is in agreement with other appropriate verses and this verse is not counted an exception for the eternal hukm (ruling), that is, the punishment being everlasting.

The pain caused by joint damage and the unpredictable period of hemophilic disease causes problems in various aspects of the life of patients, including self-esteem and life satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effect of educational package based on job success on self-esteem and life satisfaction in hemophilic patients. Methods and Materials: This is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group and follow-up period. In order to carry out the research, from 600 hemophiliac patients in Isfahan city in 2017, 40 patients were selected based on criteria of entry and exit and assigned them randomly in two groups of experimental and control group. Two questionnaires of State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used to measure the variables of the research in the pretest, post-test and follow-up phases. The experimental group received 11 sessions of 2 hours under the educational package based on job success for hemophilic patients and the control group did not receive any training. Finally, the number of samples was reduced to two groups of 16 people, considering the drop and the criteria for leaving the study. The data were analyzed with the use of repeated measure ANOVA. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in self-esteem and life satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up evaluation (p<0.05). It is possible to use a training package to improve occupational success in order to improve self-esteem and life satisfaction in hemophilic patients.

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Young Mania Rating Scale.
This cross-sectional study included 65 patients with bipolar I disorder in the manic phase and 145 healthy individuals. The patients were selected from the Razi Psychiatric Hospital and Taleghani Hospital, while the controls were selected from the general population of Tehran, using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-24.
Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the YMRS. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.72 indicated the acceptable reliability of YMRS. The cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity of the YMRS were found to be 12.5, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively.
According to the study results, YMRS showed adequate psychometric properties in the Iranian population. Therefore, it can be considered as a valuable instrument in screening patients with bipolar disorder in the manic phase.

Cognitive flexibility, shame, and emotion regulation difficulties are considered potential mediating factors that may explain the relationship between neuroticism and depression severity. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility, shame and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between neuroticism and depression among university students.
A total of 271 students (102 males and 169 females) were selected by cluster random sampling from University of Tehran, Allameh Tabataba’i University, and Iran University of Science & Technology. Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Test of Self-Conscious Affect-2 (TOSCA-2), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis were applied for data analysis.
It was found that neuroticism was significantly associated with depression and all three mediators (P These findings suggest that for student depression, emotion dysregulation might be important and future intervention works can examine the effects of targeting emotion dysregulation among university students with high levels of neuroticism and/or depression.

The present research aimed to study the relationship between traumatic experiences and somatic symptoms severity in students.
This research was a cross-sectional study. The study population included all students of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The study sample consisted of 264 healthy adult university students, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to fill out two self-report measures: Patient Health Questionnaire Physical Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences Checklist. The study data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All analyses were conducted using SPSS20.
Based on the obtained results, a significant relationship was found between traumatic experiences and somatic symptoms severity (P Study results indicated that traumatic experiences, especially emotional neglect, are important in the prediction of somatic symptoms severity.

Aim and Stress resulting from treatment in patients undergoing hemodialysis will cause psychological problems. Maladaptive schemas are important in the development of psychological problems and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on them has been approved. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ACT on modification of early maladaptive schemas in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015.
Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted with a control group. For the purpose of this study, 30 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Zahra Hospital in Isfahan were selected through convenience sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. The two groups were matched in terms of sex, education, and marital status. The data collection tool was the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ SF). A pretest was performed before the intervention, and posttest was conducted after 10 sessions (2 hours) of ACT.
Findings: Repeated measures ANOVA showed that after the initial implementation of ACT sessions, a significant difference was observed in the experimental group in terms of maladaptive schemas. It was found that ACT was affective on the modification of early maladaptive schemas (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, overvigilance and inhibition) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (P The findings indicate that ACT can be used to reduce early maladaptive schemas, and thus, psychological problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The population of every urban community, especially in developing countries, has been growing more increasingly by immigration of rural population to cities rather than birth rate. This type of growth has led to an irregular outward trend in expansion of cities and, as a result, a horizontally dispersed urban development toward farmlands and annexation of surrounding countryside. On the other hand, considerable areas in downtown or early districts of the cities, however, are left undeveloped. Naturally, these undesirable conditions make Infill Development Strategies of high importance. Infill Development is one of the major methods applied to downtown development, improvement and compaction. Inside a city, there are a considerable amount of spaces, unused lands and abandoned workshop and factories with their urban infrastructures and installations, which Infill Development regards them as a wealth of opportunities for economic, social and environmental development. This method of development provides a thriving social interaction and retail trade through the increase of population existence and activity in the districts. It also enhances the community assets and improves the quality of neighborhoods by constructing parks, infrastructures, transportation network, art houses, and new shopping malls. Qazvin population has been continually increasing due to its geographical, political and economic situation. Meanwhile, natural and artificial barriers have drastically confined its development direction; therefore, it is especially crucial to consider Infill Development Strategies in its further development. In this research, initially, some useful indicators based on the principles of infill development have been introduced in order to evaluate the conformity between urban developments in Qazvin and infill development strategies. The indicators introduced areas of barren, disused, military and industrial lands in addition to population density, renewal of ruined areas, average number of floors, amount of licenses and capitation balance. Afterwards, the status of each indicator was studied between two comprehensive plans of Qazvin during 1369-1384, and then the effect of each indicator was analyzed and their capacity for utmost use of infill development was evaluated through conducting an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The ideal value of any indicator is achieved regarding the nature of indicators which is approximately near to zero or to the suggestions of comprehensive plan in 1365 as the base of this study. Analytical Hierarchy Process is a flexible, powerful and easy model to make decisions in situations which conflicting decision criteria make it difficult to choose between the various rival options. The Analytical Hierarchy Process method can be used in these issues because of the simplicity, flexibility of its usage, and its ability to simultaneously use both qualitative and quantitative criteria and evaluate the consistency of judgments. The findings of research illustrate the remarkable capability of Qazvin for infill development. The capacity which has not been exploited efficiently until now and the city suffers from ineffectively implementation of infill development. Furthermore, it is shown that there are areas such as barren lands, military areas as well as abandoned-ruined areas and locations with disused or misused activities which are capable for application of infill development and urban regeneration.

The current research aims at restoring old neighborhoods with a new-urbanism approach in the old texture of the city of Rasht, i.e. Sagharisazan Neighborhood. The research method was descriptive-analytical and of field research methods, questionnaire technique and also library research were utilized. At first, theoretical underpinnings of the study in two sections of old textures and new urbanism are explicated. Then, following devising strategic planning process, situational territory of the study in environmental, historical, social, economic, and structural sections is investigated. Next, the vision, missions, and macro- and micro-objectives of the neighborhood are developed, and, then, utilizing SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are analyzed and according to the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors, the strategies for neighborhood restoration are worked out. Eventually, Sagharisazan Neighborhood is investigated with regard to the principles of new-urbanism, planning, strategies, and operational plans. The results indicate that 57 percent of the residents opted for taking loans from banks for restoration and only 8 percent of them agree with aggregation approach. Besides, the satisfaction level of more than 50 percent of the residents was at low or very low level. Lack of green area and inappropriate width of the passageways were among the main problems the residents pointed to.

An educational method constitutes techniques and methods which help to achieve the aims of education. The educational methods of bringing up children are those techniques which are used to raise children and consolidate their personality. Every educational approach has its own particular aims, stages and techniques dues to their different principles and foundations. Accordingly, the educational methods of modern age, which are mostly proposed by western theorists during the 19th and 20th centuries in the field of educational and developmental psychology, are fundamentally different from Zahra's educational methods, which are based on the principles and foundations of Islam and whose aims Islam has approved, in terms of bringing up children, although they have some similarities. The present paper, which uses a library-based and an analytical-descriptive method, seeks to comparatively analyze and extract the fundamental differences between Zahra's educational methods and those of modern age concerning bringing up children. These two types of educational methods are fundamentally different with regard to their aims, principles and educational methods, which is discussed in this paper in detail.

Having desirable standards of living along with hope are two basic factors to guarantee a healthy social and individual way of life. Likewise, studying such factors which influence the quality of life and increase longevity is of great importance too. One of these influential elements is "Spiritual Therapy". This study aims to inspect the effects of spiritual therapy on the improvement of life quality and hope on Isfahan married women in 2011-12. In the study, 30 married women from the city with the age range of 21 to 63 have been selected as the study sample. Then randomly, they were placed into two experimental and control groups. The brief edition of Quality of Life Survey made by world health organization (WHOQOL-BREF) and the questionerof measuring adult hope were used in this study. Only the experimental group received 8 sessions of spiritual therapy. The analysis of covariance showed that Spiritual therapy increases the quality of life and hope in the experimental group. Based on the findings of the study, spiritual therapy can be effective on the improvement of life quality and hope in married women and should be used as an effective way of therapy in psychotherapy centers.