marjanmahdavi-roshan

Malnutrition presents a significant global health challenge, necessitating the creation of innovative treatment strategies.

This study explored the therapeutic impact of pancreatic enzymes on improving growth indicators in children suffering from moderate to severe malnutrition.

In this clinical trial, patients aged 2 to 14 years with growth disorders (Z-score weight below -2) attending a Gastroenterology Clinic were randomly assigned to two groups: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) and control. The trial involved a pilot study with 30 subjects in each group. The PERT group underwent a 2-month treatment regimen of 1000 U/kg pancreatic enzymes taken with the main three meals, complemented by a nutritional plan. In contrast, the Control group received mineral supplements and followed a regular diet. Demographic data and anthropometric indices, including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and Z scores, were recorded before and after the intervention.

In this study, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean values of weight, height, BMI, and appetite among children with growth disorders in the PERT group before and after the intervention. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the mean values in the PERT group and the control group.

The results of this study suggest that the therapeutic effect of pancreatic enzymes on improving growth parameters in malnourished children was not statistically significant. Future randomized trials on a larger scale with longer treatment durations are warranted.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the world's most common etiology of chronic liver disease. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we estimated the prevalence of NAFLD in the Iranian children and adult population.

A comprehensive search of five international databases, including PubMed, ISI/WOS, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was done from inception to Nov 2022. Studies on NAFLD patients and their risk factors were selected for meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional, and cohort studies. The heterogeneity between studies was investigated using Cochran test and I2 statistics. Random and fixed effect models were used for heterogenic and non-heterogenic studies, respectively. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 for conducting meta-analysis.

Twenty studies were finally included. The total prevalence of NAFLD in children, boys, and girls was 6.7% (95% CI: 0.02-0.18), 12.5% (95% CI: 0.04-0.29) and, 10.1% (95% CI: 0.04-0.21), respectively. The total prevalence of NAFLD in obese children, obese boys, and obese girls was 42% (95% CI: 0.18-0.69), 44% (95% CI: 0.13-0.80), and 33 % (95% CI: 0.13-0.62), respectively. The total prevalence of NAFLD in adults was 36.9% (95% CI: 0.31-0.42). The prevalence of NAFLD in men and women was 33.8% (95% CI: 0.27-0.41) and 29.9% (95% CI: 0.21-0.40), respectively.

NAFLD prevalence in Iranian adults and obese children is considerable; however, data about the children population was insufficient.

To study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of flaxseed oil and olive oil on inflammatorymarkers for facilitating wound healing. One hundred and twelve patients were randomly selected to four groups with a total burn surfacearea (TBSA) of 20-50%. The four groups includes olive oil (OO), flaxseed oil (FO), mixture of olive oil andflaxseed oil (OF), and control group and received 30g of oils for three weeks. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactiveprotein (hs-CRP), ferritin and albumin level as inflammatory markers, as well as cholesterol, triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as the lipid profile were explored. Woundhealing was assessed by photographing on days 2, 8, 15, and 22 (during three weeks of intervention) and wereanalyzed in imageJ software. The greatest reduction in the level of hs-CRP and ferritin was observed in the OF (-21.38±44.41)(-132.79±165.36), while the lowest reduction was reported in the control group (-36.36±79.03) (141.08±262.36).Compared to control group, OO significantly increased albumin (0.88±0.65). Reduction of wound healing at theend of the first week of intervention was not significant in the study groups. However, the stereology examinationshowed significant improvement in wound healing at the end of the second and third weeks in the OF. Based on the findings, combination of herbal oils reduce inflammation and improve wound healingand showed positive effects on the size of wounds in burn patients.

Obesity is considered a source of psychological distress.

This study aims is investigating anxiety, depression, and the quality of life in people with obesity and overweight living in Rasht, North Iran.

This analytical cross-sectional research was carried out on 134 subjects between 18 and 45 years old who had referred, for the first time, to the Nutrition Ward of Subspecialty Clinic Beesat in Rasht in 2017-18 with overweight or obesity. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and a questionnaire of health-related quality of life known as the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) were used to identify the subjects’ level of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 23.

Totally, 49 overweight (36.6%) and 85 obese patients (63.4%) were investigated. 46 (34.4%) suffered from moderate to severe anxiety and 38 (28.4%) had moderate to severe depression. Furthermore, the average score of quality of life was 65.54 ± 17.37. There was a significant difference in terms of anxiety and quality of life between overweight and obese people. Also, out of the 8 dimensions of quality of life, physical function and general health had a significant negative correlation with BMI. No significant relationship was found between obesity and depression.

An increase in BMI leads to a rise in anxiety and a decrease in the quality of life. By considering the role of psychological factors in obesity, mental health interventions can prevent and control this condition and improve people’s quality of life.

Considering the close link between metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and cardiovascular diseases, considerable attention has been devoted to the identification of their shared underlying pathological mechanisms in recent decades.

This study aimed to investigate the association between pro-inflammatory factors and newly-diagnosed MetSyn.

This case-control study recruited obese and nonobese individuals who were newly diagnosed with MetSyn (cases, n = 84) and healthy individuals (controls, n = 83). The medical and sociodemographic data of the participants were collected on enrollment. Serum analysis was performed to ascertain the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and atherogenic coefficient (AC). Multiple regression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and AC with MetSyn odds. The Pearson correlation test was also performed to investigate the correlations between metabolic and inflammatory parameters.

Positive relationships were observed between the serum levels of TNF-α and CRP with the odds of MetSyn following controlling for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 - 1.72; AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.41; respectively, P ≤ 0.03). Additionally, higher AC was accompanied by increased odds of MetSyn (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.31 - 2.98; P = 0.001). The Pearson correlation analysis also showed positive correlations between TNF-α levels and serum metabolic abnormalities, including elevated LDL-C, FBS, and AC and lowered HDL-C levels (P ≤ 0.02).

The present results revealed that higher serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory and atherogenic indices, including CRP, TNF-α, and AC, might be associated with elevated odds of newly diagnosed MetSyn regardless of potential confounders, particularly body mass index. The obtained findings might be moderated by the positive correlations observed between serum TNF-α, as the chronic inflammatory state indicator, and impaired lipid and glycemic markers.

Evidence suggests that dietary pattern is related to incidence and grades of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and hepatic histologic features of newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD.

This cross‑sectional study included 260 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were diagnosed using Fibroscan. Dietary information was obtained using a validated 168‑item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and odds ratio of the grade of fibrosis and steatosis was examined by multinomial logistic regression.

The mean ± SD age participant was 46.53 ± 11.71 years. Fifty‑seven percent of the participants were women. Two major dietary patterns were recognized: “Western dietary pattern” and “Mediterranean dietary pattern.” After adjustment for various confounders, adherence to the two extracted dietary patterns was not associated with odds of fibrosis and steatosis (P > 0.05). However, P was not significant. Patients in the second quartile of the Mediterranean dietary pattern had a higher risk for being in the F1 grade compared to those in the reference group in the crude and adjusted model.

The major dietary patterns of NAFLD patients living in Gilan were not related to the severity of their disease. More precise study design such as cohort or interventional studies is suggested to reveal the strength of this study findings.

A major reason for readmission in patients with heart failure is inadequate transfer of care from hospital to home. The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive model of home care for these patients.

This mixed-method study was performed in Rasht Heshmat Hospital in 2020-21. In qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 28 people, selected by purposeful sampling. In quantitative phase (descriptive cross-sectional design), 115 patients were selected via convenience sampling. They were studied using a demographic questionnaire, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale, Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, Medication Adherence Report Scale, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, data of two phases were combined to design a care model using matrix analysis.

The mean scores for patients' self-care, knowledge, medication adherence, and quality-of-life were 24.49±11.82, 27.25±8.36, 82.09±14.69, and 52.46±9.57, respectively, out of 100 scores. The care model designed included eight components: 1-Providing a comprehensive and organized care program to meet the care needs, 2-Establishing appropriate relationship, 3-Enhancing support systems, 4-Improving self-care, 5-Enhancing adaptation to chronic disease, 6-Family-centered care, 7-Management of health-seeking behavior, and 8-Improving quality-of-life.

This model is a comprehensive model for caring patients with heart failure and unlike other models does not have many shortcomings, therefore, it can help in more successful control of the problems associated with heart failure in patient, family, care team, and health care systems.

Food labels can be beneficial instruments for patients with chronic diseases to take care of the health. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with chronic diseases about food labeling and effects of sociodemographic factors on it.

A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 on 800 patients with chronic diseases who referred to clinics of Heshmat and Razi hospitals in Gilan, Iran, through convenience sampling. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic information were assessed. Status of knowledge, attitude and practice toward food labeling were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. Mann-whitney U-test and Kruscal-wallis test was used for statistical analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean age of participants was 55.6±14..The mean± SD of knowledge score was 8.47± 1.22. Almost 70% of the patients believed that written date on food package insures that the product is fresh. 68% of them believed that reading nutritional information on food labels is helpful to choose a product with high nutritional value. In the field of practice, 99% of participants paid attention to food labels when purchasing, however, the majority of them read these labels to find out the produce and expiry date and price. Only 11% of the participants read food labels when purchasing to get nutritional information.

Patients with chronic diseases have good knowledge but poor practice about food labeling. Regarding the importance of food choices in prevention of chronic diseases, educating people about the importance of food labels seems necessary.

Apple vinegar is a fermented product prescribed for hypertension in Persian medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of oral administration of apple vinegar on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate in healthy individuals.

This study was conducted on 40 healthy people. On test day, control group drank 200 ml water 4 h after breakfast, while test groups drank 200 ml water containing 22, 28, and 34 g apple vinegar. Blood pressure was measured just before intervention and also after intervention every 15 min for 2 h. Heart rate measurement was done before and after intervention. Pulse pressure was calculated as difference of systolic and diastolic blood pressures every time.

Our results showed no significant relationship between consumption of apple vinegar and systolic blood pressure. In the test group administered 22 g apple vinegar, pulse pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after 75 min. According to linear mixed model, changes in systolic blood pressure score were not significantly affected by groups, but it was significantly affected by time (p = 0.037). In addition, interaction of time and low-dose apple vinegar group for diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were significant (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively). Higher amounts of apple vinegar showed no significant effect. This study revealed that apple vinegar could decrease diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in healthy people in short-term use. Considering there is no side-effect for apple vinegar by the studied amounts and also its potential in modulation of blood pressure, evaluation of its effects in hypertensive patients is recommended for further studies.

Several species of fish are commonly harvested and consumed in north of Iran and distributed elsewhere. Unfortunately, smoked fish is produced traditionally in north of Iran and may become contaminated by carcinogenic metabolites and microorganisms during the smoking process. Additionally, high amount of salt is added to the product to extend its shelf life. Therefore, we aimed to determine both microbial and chemical contaminations and salt content of the smoked fishes produced in Guilan province (north of Iran).

Smoked fish samples (n=20) were collected from five processing units in Guilan. They were transferred to the laboratory under aseptic condition. Microbial tests were included to determination of mold/yeast (by plating method) and Listeria monocytogenes (by polymerase chain reactions). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (by high liquid chromatography), cadmium and lead (by atomic absorption spectroscopy) were detected as chemical contaminants. Amount of salt was detected by titration method.

None of the samples were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, while more than 100 CFU mold/yeast per gram were enumerated in 15% of the smoked fishes. Salt content was calculated as 8.66%. Average concentration of lead, cadmium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 0.082, 0.026, and 0.0036 mg/kg, respectively. Compared to national and international regulations, concentration of the chemical contaminants was within the acceptable range. Although, heavy metals are accumulated in the body and their concentration should be minimized in foods as low as possible. Moreover, more restriction is required with respect to salt because of its role as a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. To adopt the consumers’ taste, slight reduction in salt content of the products is recommended. In conclusion, there was no serious risk of microbial/chemical contamination in the smoked fishes produced in Guilan. However, their consumption should be controlled in hypertensive patients.

Obesity is considered a source of psychological distress. Aim of this study is investigating anxiety, depression, and the quality of life in people with obesity and overweight living in Rasht, North of Iran.

This analytical cross-sectional research was carried out on 134 subjects between 18 and 45 years old who had referred, for the first time, to the Nutrition Ward of Subspecialty Clinic Beesat in Rasht in 2017-18 with overweight or obesity. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and a questionnaire of health-related quality of life known as the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to identify the subjects’ level of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 23.

Totally, 49 overweight (36.6%) and 85 obese patients (63.4%) were investigated. 46 (34.4%) suffered from moderate to severe anxiety and 38 (28.4%) had moderate to severe depression. Furthermore, the average score of quality of life was 65.54 ± 17.37. There was a significant difference in terms of anxiety and quality of life between overweight and obese people. Also, out of the 8 dimensions of quality of life, physical function and general health had a significant negative correlation with BMI. No significant relationship was found between obesity and depression. An increase in BMI leads to a rise in anxiety and a decrease in the quality of life. By considering the role of psychological factors in obesity, mental health interventions can prevent and control this condition and improve people’s quality of life.

This study investigated the comparison of abuse experiences and mindful eating in women with high body mass index with and without binge eating disorder and women with normal weight. This study was descriptive with comparative design. The study population consisted of women referring to two nutrition counseling centers in Rasht in 1400. The sample consisted of 179 women who were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected using Stice's Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (2000), Bernstein's Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003), and Framson's mindful Eating Questionnaire (2009). Results of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the abuse experiences in overweight and obese women with binge eating disorder were higher than overweight and obese women without the disorder and in both groups were more than normal weight women. Women in the binge eating group had lower scores in mindful eating than women without the disorder, and both groups had lower scores than normal-weight women, even when controlling for age. According to the findings, abuse experiences and mindful eating have important role in the pathology of obesity, overweight and binge eating disorder. Designing educational/therapeutic programs aimed at reducing the psychological consequences of abuse and teaching mindful eating techniques can be helpful.

High blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. With regard to the significant role of a healthy diet in the prevention and even treatment of diseases together with the high cost and side effects of drugs, finding foods effective in the treatment of metabolic disorders has been widely considered. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxymel – an Iranian traditional syrup with vinegar base – on cardiovascular risk indicators in obese and overweight people. Candidates were selected based on a set of inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of control and test. The control group received 250 cc of water, while the test group received 250 cc water containing 30 cc of the oxymel for 30 days. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and blood glucose level. However, weight (P = 0.053) and cholesterol (P = 0.083) decreased relatively significantly in the test group compared to the control group. This study shows that consumption of oxymel has positive cardiovascular effects such as lowering the blood cholesterol level and can contribute to weight loss; however, studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

 Hypertension is an important health problem and one of the most important causes of disability and mortality. 
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on self-care behaviors in hypertensive patients.

This is a clinical trial conducted on 180 patients with hypertension referred to health centers in Rasht, Iran in 2014. They were divided into two intervention (n=75) and control (n=75) groups.  Data collection tools included a demographic form, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a TPB  questionnaire with five constructs including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavioral intention related to hypertension. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 18 software using descriptive and inferential statistics.

 Before intervention, two groups were similar  in terms of the scores TPB constructs. After intervention, the mean scores of attitude changed from 4.51 to 4.58; mean scores of subjective norms changed from 4.16 to 4.19; mean scores of perceived behavior control changed from 3.64 to 4.23; and mean scores of behavioral intention changed from 3.88 to 4.24. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). No difference was observed in the control group.

 An educational program based on TPB can promote the self-care behaviors among hypertensive patients.

Given the importance of adolescents’ health, especially girls and the inadequacy of dairy consumption around the world, we examined the psychological factors associated with dairy consumption behavior. Therefore, this study was conducted on high school girls.

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 385 female high school students in Shaft City during 2019 using the census method. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic information, knowledge structure, perceived self-efficacy, and dairy consumption behavior completed by students. To analyze the results,  Chi- Square tests, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple logistic regression were used via SPSS 21 software.

In total, 221 people (57.7%) consumed less than 2 units and 162 people (42.3) consumed more than 2 units of dairy products per day. The average scores of self-efficacy and knowledge constructs were 23.20 ± 6.6 (average) and 19.1± 3.05, respectively (at a good level). No significant correlation was found between perceived self-efficacy and dairy consumption behavior r = 0. 199 (p <0.05). Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between knowledge and behavior (p> 0.05, r =- 0.25). The results of multiple logistic regression showed the predictive power of the perceived self-efficacy structure in dairy consumption behavior with an odds ratio of 1.052 (with a confidence interval of 95%: 1.089-1.016).

Perceived self-efficacy predicted the behavior of dairy consumption in the studied students. So, educational interventions in schools should focus more on promoting the perceptions and nutritional attitudes.

Depression includes negative interpretations of events, dislike of the self, and negative appraisal of the future.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational programs of cognitive-behavior modification and feeding behavior on serotonin levels and depression symptoms in university students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest and a control group design. The study population included all male and female bachelor degree students in the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of the University of Guilan, Guilan Province, Iran at the time of the research. Among 2854 students, using Morgan’s table, the sample size was determined as 340. In the following, 24 students with depression symptoms and other inclusion criteria were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. During the twelve sessions of training, the number of participants decreased from 24 to 16. The study tools included the Beck depression inventory (1996), the food frequency questionnaire (2017), 21 food enjoyment questionnaire, and the blood test. The obtained data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 24.

The analysis showed that the use of cognitive-behavior modification training reduced students’ depression (P<0.01). However, the use of feeding behavior training did not increase serotonin levels in students (P>0.05).

Among people with depression symptoms, cognitive-behavior modification by focusing on their negative self-talk can be useful in creating sensible thoughts and positive inner dialogue. But in these people, feeding behavior training for two months did not change serotonin levels.

High blood pressure is a major health threat and self-control has great importance in its management. Hence, a nutrition model is presented based on dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of training on adherence to DASH diet on blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Rasht, North of Iran.
A total of 150 hypertensive patients visiting health care centers were randomly divided into education intervention and control groups. Food frequency questionnaire were completed before and 2.5 months after the intervention. Patients’ blood pressure was measured at the same time interval. The post-baseline DASH diet components and blood pressure between the two study groups were compared using analysis of covariance.
Participants’ mean age was 56.08 ± 6.1 years and 76% of them were female. At baseline, the daily intake of dairies, fruits, and nuts and beans were significantly lower than the recommended DASH values in both groups. In contrast of fat, tea and salty food, all post-baseline DASH diet components in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. The intervention group had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure compared to control group 2.5 months after of the intervention.
Our results indicated that training nutrition based on DASH diet can be considered as a useful strategy to control high blood pressure among hypertensive patients.

Living without mobility and physical inactivity considered as one of the main modifiable causes of heart (cardiac) diseases. This study aimed to implement an educational program by using the theory of planned behavior to improve the physical activity of hypertensive patients.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 150 patients with hypertension, referred to centers number 13 and 14 of Rasht in two intervention and control groups. The study tools were standardized GPAC questionnaire and physical activity related questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software.
The mean age of participants was 56.08 years, of which 76% were female and 24% were male. The mean and standard deviation of physical activity MET / MIN / WEAK were evaluated in five sections of total physical activity, physical activity at work, physical activity in displacement, physical activity of leisure and sitting state. The results showed that there was no significant difference in two groups before the intervention, and after that, there was a significant increase in total physical activity, physical activity at work and physical activity during sitting position in the intervention group, and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients (p The increasing of physical activity in hypertensive patients is effective in the quality of their self-care behaviors and it is necessary to educate in this category in the community level to promote healthy lifestyle.

Introduction and A large percentage of the world population suffers from hidden hunger, which is defined as micronutrients deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common complications of the micronutrients deficiency and there is a lot of effort to deal with this problem. For this purpose, this study aimed to examine the program of flour fortification with iron in Iran.
The cohort, case-control, and clinical trial studies with the search strategies such as iron deficiency anemia, fortification, and micronutrients deficiency, which were conducted until 2015 were included. The data sources entailed PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier Science, Blackwell Synergy, and Google. All the selected studies were available in English and Persian.
In several countries, the best method for correction of the iron deficiency anemia is food fortification due to high efficacy and low adverse effects of this method. Bread is a staple food in Iran; therefore, flour fortification was performed in this country. The premix powder containing 30 ppm of iron and 1.5 ppm of folic acid was used for flour fortification. Considering the various types of wealth, the total amount of iron in flour was up to 80 to 85 ppm that may lead to iron poisoning in people with a low socio-economic status because of high bread consumption, as well as the individuals with high socio-economic status since they receive iron from the other resources. Therefore this program was stopped in several provinces due to the mentioned complication.
Prior to the implementation of this program, it was essential to carry out abundant pilot studies to investigate the probable complications and problems of this plan. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited number of studies conducted on the adverse effects of iron fortification in Iran; therefore, further studies are recommended in this issue.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most important public health issue in the world and harmfully effect on the health of women and children in developing countries. 25 percent of students are suffering Iron Deficiency Anemia. This suggests that insufficient intake of iron, Malnutrition or low iron in the diet. The aim of this research was to promote nutritional behavior to prevent iron deficiency anemia based on Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on high school girls This Randomized controlled trial study was performed on 100 Students by multistage random placed into intervention and control groups in 2013. Intervention was done in five sections and 3.5 months after educational intervention. Questionnaire base on BASNEF Model parts and blood lab exams (Hb, Hct, Feritin) were data gathering tool. Data were analyzed by pair T- test, independent T- test, Mann- Whitney, Wilcoxon and Chi- squareThe mean score of knowledge and attitude toward the behavior, Subjective norms, Enabling factors, iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors and Ferritin had a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (P<0.05). The results of the study showed positive effect of educational intervention program base on BASNEF Model on improvement of iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors in the high school Students.

Osteoporosis is one of the health problems that affect lives of many people. this study was designed to assess nutritional intake and dietary habit in osteoporotic patients. The population of this analytical cross-sectional study was 120 osteoporotic patients with 45-89 years old referred to rheumatologic clinic of Tabriz. Nutritional intake and dietary habit was determined by 3 day food recall and food frequency questionnaire، individual and clinical information by questionnaire and weight and height of subjects were measured by scale. Results of this study found that mean age of patients were 57. 10 years old. The mean T-score of patients was -3. 31±0. 07SD. Analysis of FFQ questionnaire showed that dietary habit and food choice in osteoporotic patients was not suitable. Mean intake of zinc, calcium and vitamin D in patients was significantly lower than normal value (p<0. 05) and intake of protein, iron and phosphor was higher than normal range. With notice the vital role of nutrition and dietary intake on bone mass, nutritional education and training in osteoporotic patients beside supplementation is suggested.

Hypertension is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One of primary management of hypertension include dietary changes which could incorporate dietary supplementation, also use of non pharmacological treatment options is high in patients with high blood pressure. Garlic has played an important dietary as well as medicinal role in human history and it has been on the top ten lists of herbal sales among people. For evaluating the effect of garlic on blood pressure, we reviewed clinical trials published from 1982 until 2013 by searching in informative bank such as PubMed، Ovid، Elsevier Science, Google Scholar with keywords garlic, blood pressure, hypertension and herbal supplement. The result of this review article showed that several clinical trials have suggested garlic lowers systolic and or diastolic blood pressure and has beneficial effect in controlling hypertension, but negative results also have been obtained in some of trials. Blood pressure reducing properties of garlic have been linked to its hydrogen sulphide production and allicin content, liberated from alliin and the enzyme alliinase. large scale trials are needed to investigate whether standardized garlic preparations could provide a safe alternative or complementary treatment option for hypertension in clinical practice.

Studies have demonstrated that zinc plays an important role in development of cardiovascular diseases in Western populations. But there is little data for other racial groups. This study was aimed to investigate the association between serum zinc and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iranian subjects.This study was conducted on 81 subjects,which referred to Heshmat Hospital of Guilan province, Iran, for routine coronary angiography from June to August 2011. Subjects were assigned into 2 groups; 41 CAD patients.case and 40 healthy subjects in control group. Data about smoking habit,physical activity, dietary intake and anthropometric indices were collected by questionnaire. Serum zinc was measured by atomic spectroscopy.The serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in case group than control (p<0.05). The mean serum zinc concentration in the case and control group was 73.50±1.61μg/dl and 78.47±1.66μg/dl, respectively. subjects that lives in rural area had 7.11-fold higher CAD risk in compare to subjects lives in urban after adjustment for confounder factors,they also had lower zinc concentration than urban (p<0.05). in our study With increasing in serum zinc concentration CAD risk decrease 0.94-fold.Zinc concentration had significant correlation with age (r= -0.23 p<0.05), weight (r=0.26 p<0.05) and Place for living (r=- 0.22 p= 0.04).There were no significant correlation between the dietary intake, Waist circumference, smoking and serum zinc concentration in our study.Serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the north of Islamic Republic of Iran patients with abnormal versus those with a normal angiogram. It seems Serum zinc concentration correlate with some risk factors for coronary artery disease