فهرست مطالب maryam azadi

Population has long been known as the most important pillar of governments and societies. However, in recent years, the rate of infertility is increasing rapidly due to various reasons.

This study aimed to identify the factors and challenges affecting the implementation of insurance coverage program for infertility services in Iran for the policymakers and implementers of the program. Accordingly, the correct implementation of this program provides the possibility for infertile couples to benefit from the services of this program.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2022. Purposive sampling was used for selecting a total of 20 Iranian scientific and executive experts of health system with work experience, especially in the field of infertility. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and analyzed using the content analysis method and MAXQDA 2020 software.

The results showed that the challenges of this program include 6 main themes along with 39 sub-themes. The main themes are challenges of upstream laws and legal requirements; provision of health services; human resources; the service package and its pricing; financial issues, budgets, and methods of service cost reimbursement; and information technology challenges.

Although the service package is defined and announced, the implementation of this plan faces many challenges due to not taking into account the implementation conditions and requirements. By examining the problems of infertility insurance coverage, the present study provides a comprehensive and practical picture of these problems. Accordingly, the factors that can make the program successful in the future consist of inclusion of a part of the services related to infertility treatment in the package of insurance services, the awareness of managers and policy makers about the challenges of implementing this program, providing financial, electronic, and human resources needed by the program, and development and modification of standards of the program.

Diabetes is a common chronic disorder in which there is a high risk of physical complications and psychological problems such as hypoglycemia and inability to express emotions. Psychological interventions can be effective in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on emotional expressiveness and fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) in patients with type 2 diabetes visiting Yazd Diabetes Center.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design. The statistical population was all patients with type 2 diabetes visiting Yazd Diabetes Center in 2020. Forty men and women were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly allocated to case and control groups. The case group received 8 sessions of MBSR training, 2 hours each and the control group received no interventions. Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ) and the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) were used to collect data.

Results of ANCOVA showed that MBSR training significantly increases emotional expressiveness and its components (P-value< 0.0001) and decreases the fear of hypoglycemia (P-value< 0.0001) in patients with type 2 diabetes (P-value< 0.035).

Based on the results of the study, MBSR training could improve emotional expressiveness, prevent hypoglycemia and reduce the fear of it.

Emergency medical technicians experience more job stress due to being exposed to emergency conditions. The present study was conducted to determine the efficiency of group mindfulness-based stress reduction program on quality of life and job stress among emergency medical technicians.

The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population was all emergency medical technicians in Isfahan in 2019 of whom 30 were selected using convenience sampling and given the inclusion criteria, they were divided into case (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The case group received mindfulness-based stress reduction training and the control group received no interventions. MBSR therapy was conducted in 8 sessions of 120 minutes once a week. The research instruments were the Quality of Life Scale developed by Ware, Kosinski and Keller (1996) and the Job Stress Scale developed by Kahn, Wolf, Quinn, Snook and Rosenthal (1964). Data were analyzed in SPSS 23.

Results of ANOVA showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction caused an increase in the mean score of quality of life among emergency medical technicians in the case group compared to the control (P<0.05, F=55.77). In addition, results of ANCOVA indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction reduced mean score of job stress in emergency medical technicians (P<0.05, F=12.70).

Given the results of the study, Teaching mindfulness-based stress reduction skills by encouraging people to practice them frequently, and focusing on body and mind, can help emergency medical technicians get rid of preoccupation with threatening thoughts and worries about job performance and increase their quality of life.

Phytase is an enzyme that has the ability to break down phytic acid into myoinositol and mineral phosphate, and widely uses as an additive in animal foods. The aim of this study was to achieve a high level of bacterial phytase expression in PET26b expression host.

To generate the recombinant phytase enzyme, the target gene was introduced into the expression vector pET-26b-Phytase, and the recombinant vector was transferred to Escherichia coli BL21 as a host of expression after replication in E. coli DH5α. The SDS-PAGE method was used to isolate recombinant phytase and the amount of produced recombinant protein was investigated. by electrophoresis.

The bacterial phytase enzyme was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and the molecular weight of recombinant phytase produced at about 85 kDa was estimated. The optimum pH for recombinant bacterial phytase was estimated at 5.5.

The results showed that phytase derived from Escherichia coli due to its low production cost and high production of recombinant phytase is a desirable alternative for use in domestic animal feed industry.

 Evidence-based nursing care guidelines are important tools for increasing the quality of nurses’ clinical work.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implementing evidence-based nursing care guidelines on the quality of care of patients admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

 This is a quasi-experimental study on 54 nurses in NICUs of hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences selected using a convenience sampling technique and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention included the teaching of evidence-based nursing guidelines and their implementation by the nurses. Before and two months after the intervention, the demographic characteristics and the quality of nurses’ patient care in both groups was evaluated by using a demographic form and a standard checklist with 37 items designed based on the standards of practice for All Registered Nurses (ANA). Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD), and paired t-test, independent t-test and chi-square test.

 The mean score of nursing care quality in the two groups was not significantly different before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the mean score was 25.11±6.2 in the intervention group and 20.29±5.3 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

 Implementation of evidence-based nursing care guidelines can improve the quality of nursing care. Therefore, it is recommended that the teaching of evidence-based nursing care guidelines should be on the agenda of the hospitals’ education unit and related departments.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in destroying the myelin and the axon. According to high prevalence of disease in Iran, it needs to study different aspects of disease including factors influencing the pathogenesis and the other risk factors. Various type of genetic variants including polymorphisms may could highlight the relation between genetic and disease. In this study, we explored the relationship between IL-4 receptor polymorphism rs1801275 and disease risk.

In this study, IL-4receptor gene polymorphism was analyzed in a case-control study. All patients were selected as relapsing remitting (RR, n=100) and the control group consisted of 100 healthy (c, n= 100). High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) based on real-time PCR was performed to identify gene variation involved in disease. The results were analyzed by SPSS 20 software and also Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested for SNP. Also degree of heterozygosity and population analysis PIC was performed.

The results showed samples from control group consisted of 45% wild genotype (AA), 40% heterozygote (AG) and 15% homozygote (GG) for polymorphism rs1801275 while there was in patient group 20% wild genotype (AA), 58% heterozygote (AG) and 22% homozygote (GG).

These results suggest that there was significant difference in allele count between control and patient groups. The allele frequency of IL-4 receptor polymorphism rs1801275was found significantly higher in patients (P-Value = 0.022). IL4R polymorphisms may have a disease-promoting role in this population.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the students with learning disability studying in the first to fifth grade of primary schools and referred to counseling and treatment centers in Isfahan in 2014. Among them,15 students were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, the neurofeedback device and Wechsler Intelligence Test For Children (Form 4) were used. Students received 20 sessions of 45-minute neurofeedback treatment for 7-10 weeks. They responded to Wechsler Intelligent Test for children before and after the treatment as pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by dependent t-test. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from all the scales (P<0.05). Therefore it can be concluded that the neurofeedback therapy was effective in improving the performance of children with learning disability in Wechsler Intelligent Test for children.