maryam fatehizade

Having one or two addicted parents in the family creates a wide range of challenges and problems for family members, especially young ones on the verge of marriage. The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the psychological and social challenges and problems of Afghan boys who are on the verge of marriage and have drug addicted parent and obtaining a network of the themes of these challenges and problems. The research method was qualitative and the research design was thematic analysis. The statistical population was Afghan boys on the verge of marriage with drug addict parent (18 to 23 years old) living in Kerman and its suburbs, among whom 11 young people participated in the research. The method of selecting participants was snowball. A semi-structured interview was used in order to collect information. The findings of the research showed 362 primary codes, 34 basic themes, 9 organizing themes and one overarching theme. The extracted organizing themes were: psychological problems, stigma and social problems, economic problems, legal and regulatory problems, training problems, optimism, resilience, Informative experience, compassion for children of addiction. The overarching theme was the equanimity of these young people. Young people with addicted parent(s) faces many problems, including psychological problems that can disrupt their marriage process. Psychological and educational interventions can be an effective strategy in the field of addiction prevention, help with depression and anxiety, and increase the tenacity and resilience of these young people. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that parental addiction has a negative effect on young people's marriage and their common life.

Self-esteem refers to a sense of intrinsic worth that does not consider superiority over others. Awareness of the significance of self-esteem leads to a greater commitment to its enhancement, and understanding its effects highlights its importance. This research categorizes the effects of self-esteem according to Nathaniel Branden, who is regarded as the father of self-esteem, into three areas: Cognitive, moral, and behavioral, and then analyzes them through the lens of Islamic teachings using a descriptive-analytical method to provide a foundation for critiquing his views. Branden believes that self-expression, acceptance of others' definitions, and individualism are effects of self-esteem; however, these effects are not supported by the teachings of the Quran and Hadith. For instance, sometimes a lack of self-expression indicates transcending one’s superficial self and reaching a higher self, which is a result of self-esteem. Similarly, an individual may consciously refuse to accept others’ definitions despite having high self-esteem for reasons such as humility or the aim of combating the ego. Additionally, not being individualistic and prioritizing the interests of others over oneself can sometimes indicate the maturity of a dignified individual, whereby the false self is sacrificed for the true self, which does not contradict self-worth and dignity.

 One of the variables that can help reduce the problems of teenagers and increase adaptation in this sensitive period is resilience. Resilience means the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and adapt flexibly to stressful experiences.. The current research was conducted with the aim of phenomenology of the lived experiences of resilient students and developing a model of resilience education for students based on these experiences. The research method was qualitative with three-way method. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 female students of Shahreza city who were diagnosed as resilient based on the Connor and Davidson questionnaire Utilizing MAXQDA 2020, the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method Then, based on the content obtained from the lived experiences of resilient students, the model of resilience education was compiled based on the content analysis of books, dissertations and valid articles until 2022. In the last stage, the developed protocol was validated under the supervision of experts. Sampling started purposefully. In all three stages, the saturation criterion was used for the sample size. Information related to the components related to the lived experiences of resilient students was obtained in 3 main concepts of spiritual orientation, attitudinal, behavioral factors,,pshycological capital and conflict resolution model. The resilience training model of students based on lived experiences also contains 8 categories of awareness and psychological training, Activation based on mindfulness and values, improvement of self-efficacy, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, emotional efficiency, interpersonal efficiency, and self-care. The obtained model was validated and reliable using psychometric indices. The results indicated the validity and reliability of the intended model. The model of resilience compiled with the three-way method can be used to formulate interventions to increase students' resilience, along with other existing educational models.

The conflict between husband and wife seems an inseparable component and an inevitable thing in married life, which usually occurs after passing the first passionate period of joint life. Unlike in the past, women as active members of society refer to  counseling centers when conflicts arise to find effective solutions to resolve conflicts, live with less worries, learn how to face problems correctly, strive for family cohesion, and find a way out of it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the genre of experience of women with marital conflict from visiting a family counseling center. This research was carried out using Rogers' person-centered therapy, Chesler's feminist family therapy approach, White and Epstein's narrative therapy, and the typological narrative analysis method in 2021 in a counseling center in Isfahan. The participants in the research were 17 married women with marital conflict who had visited the counseling center. They were were selected using maximum variety method and subjected to narrative interviews. The findings showed that most women's experience of consulting a counselor is narrated in the genre of romance. Based on the issue that women rely on their abilities as heroes of life, they are looking for a solution to resolve marital conflicts and consider going to the counseling center as a part of this inner motivation, whether their efforts lead to solving the problem or not. A group of women who have problems, take the common life lightly and make it possible to continue the common life with skill training. On the other hand, another group who perceive marital conflicts as chronic and do not consider their efforts to continue life fruitful, also experience the divorce. It can be concluded that women's experience of visiting counseling centers is a step towards solving conflicts.

Caregiving is fundamental to human relationships and plays a crucial role in the quality and stability of marital relationships. The present study aimed to explain the concept of couple caregiving.

This qualitative research was conducted in 2021, adopting a grounded theory approach. For this purpose, ten couples residing in city of Aligudarz (Iran) were selected based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling. The sampling continued until data saturation was reached. These individuals were examined through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s (2014) method and the MAXQDA20 software. 

The data analysis led to the identification of 78 open codes and 13 axial codes in the form of causal conditions: life history, conscious marriage; contextual conditions: individual and couple contexts; efficient couple relationship; Intervening conditions: behavioral and cognitive facilitating factors; obstacles: personal and environmental stressors; Strategies for sustaining and improving care, and persona; outcomes for the caregiver and care recipient and couple outcomes and the central theme of “reciprocal couple caregiving” was chosen.

The findings indicated that factors influencing couple caregiving extend to the time before marriage. Couple caregiving involves conscious marriage and proactive and constructive actions of the couple. It is an interactive and reciprocal process that enhances the insight and awareness of the couple, and the use of care-seeking and caregiving receptivity strategies significantly contributes to its continuity.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of filial therapy and package of parent-child interaction consultations on psychological well-being of preschool children. 

The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test-follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with preschool children in Isfahan in 2019. 45 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly and equally assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research tool included psychological well-being questionnaire for preschool children (Dehghani, 2013). The first experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of effective parent-child interaction intervention (Bahrami et al., 2021) and the second experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of filial therapy intervention (Bratton et al., 2006). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the effect of the filial therapy intervention and parent-child interaction counseling package on the psychological well-being of preschool children (F=10.203) was significant (P<0.05). Also, a comparative comparison between the two interventions showed that in the cognitive and educational aspects of psychological well-being, a significant difference was observed in favor of the effective parent-child interaction intervention. Also, the effect of filial therapy and effective parent-child interaction on the dependent variable continued in the 60-day follow-up phase.

According to the findings of this study, it can be stated filial therapy and effective parent-child interaction can play an important role in increasing the psychological well-being of preschool children.

This study’s objective was to evaluate the efficacy of emotion-oriented couple therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and marital adjustment in parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In this study, a single-case A-B-A design was utilized. In 2020, couples in Isfahan with children aged 7 to 11 years old and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder comprised the statistical population of this investigation. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Revised Marital Adjustment Scale (RDAS), and the fourth edition of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale (Parent Form) (SNAP-IV) were utilized in this study. Three couples were selected using purposive sampling and participated in eight sessions of emotion-focused couple therapy. The effect of the treatment was determined by calculating the percentage of non-overlapping data (POD) and the percentage of overlapping data (PND) using visual analysis and SPSS-20 statistical software. The results showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy had a positive and statistically significant effect on cognitive regulation of emotion and marital adjustment of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PND= 66/67% to 100%), and that the treatment’s effects persisted during follow-up. Based on the findings of the current study, emotion-focused couple therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improve adjustment and emotion regulation in couples with children who have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Each parent plays a vital role in the life of their children and intergenerational transmission of divorce shows that children who experience the divorce of their parents are more exposed to marital injuries. the goal of this study was to design and validate a model for preventing the intergenerational transmission of divorce in the children of single guardians due to divorce and its effectiveness on boredom and marital expectations.

The present research was conducted with a mixed exploratory type. For the qualitative part of the research, classical grounded theory was used, while for the quantitative part a quasi-experimental method of experimental group - control group with pre and post test with follow-up was used. Research participants in the qualitative section included interviews with 26 couples with single-parent families resulting from divorce and the research sample in quantitative part included 32 couples with a single-parent family due to divorce. The qualitative part of the research was conducted with semi-structured interviews and the research tools in the quantitative part included the Omiedvar Marital Expectations and Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, repeated measurement analysis of variance was used.

From the total findings of the qualitative section, five main categories which expressed the marital damage of single-parent children caused by divorce discover and based on them and the opinion of experts the model for prevention of intergenerational transmission of divorce in single-parent children due to divorce was designed. Data analysis showed the effectiveness of the divorce prevention model on intergenerational transmission of divorce on boredom and marital expectations (p<0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, the model presented in this study can be used in preventing intergenerational transfer of divorce and to ensure and enduring married life for children of divorce

One of the factors that harm the quality of marriage is the conflict between couples. Marital conflict causes problems in the family structure, strength, and dissatisfaction with life, and finally, if attention is not paid to these two categories, it causes the collapse of the family system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of integrated therapy focused on compassion and emotion on marital conflict in women in Isfahan. In this study, which was a single type A-B, among the conflicting women referring to counseling centers (Tamasha and Razavi) in Isfahan in 2021, three women who were eligible to participate in the study were purposefully selected and were evaluated by the(Sanaii, Barati & Bustani, 2009) Marital Conflict Questionnaire. After achieving high marital conflict and receiving consent to participate in the study, he participated in treatment sessions based on integrated compassion and emotion-focused therapies (researcher-made) for 60 minutes once a week for 3 months. During this study, participants answered the questionnaire 12 times to determine the baseline and treatment progress before, during, and after the intervention. Descriptive index and inferential statistics of visual analysis were used to analyze the results. The improvement rate of marital conflict of three women in the intervention stage was 33-31-30%, respectively, which indicates the effect of the integrated treatment on the marital conflict of the participating women. The results of this study showed that integrated therapy based on compassion(CFT) and emotion(EFT) has led to the regulation of emotion in a semantic context and has reduced marital conflicts. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integrated treatment is effective in reducing marital conflict in conflicting women.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate the complex childhood trauma-related Personality Pathology Scale among married women with childhood complex trauma experience. At first, by conducting 18 semi-structured interviews in the form of qualitative research, the items related to scale construction were identified and a scale was designed based on it. Then the scale was administered to 100 married women with purposive sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of this scale. To determine the validity of the scale, the mental well-being questionnaire  (Diener et al, 1985) and DASS-21 were used. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with Smart-PLS software. The results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as combined reliability for all dimensions of the scale were >0.7, which indicates the optimal reliability of the scale. The results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits with the variables of depression, anxiety, stress, and negative emotion for the convergent validity showed a positive and significant relationship  (P <0.01). Also, the results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits and life satisfaction and positive emotion for divergent validity showed a negative and significant relationship  (P <0.01). The results showed that the researcher-made scale has good reliability and validity and researchers and therapists can use it for research and treatment purposes.

In relation to psychological treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment, several internal and external studies have been done and its effectiveness has been confirmed but today, with the clarification of the role of patients' religion in the treatment of their mental disorders, we are witnessing an increase in religious-psychological studies worldwide that examine the role of people's religion in their treatment; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model based on Islamic concepts for use in treatment of Muslims based on religious beliefs.

In order to develop the theoretical model of Acceptance and Commitment based on Islamic concepts, the Grounded Theory (Textual) was used as a qualitative method to explore the theoretical foundations of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach in the Quran, Tafsir al-Mizan and al-Kafi. By exchanging ideas with psychologists and Islamic scholars, the concepts found in Islamic texts that were semantically and conceptually related to the theoretical concepts of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach, were selected and defined. Then, the concepts obtained were coded in two open coding and axial coding stages, and in the third step, by performing selective coding, the main categories were extracted and the relationship between them was specified. The authors reported no conflict of interests.

In the present study, the theoretical model of Acceptance and Commitment was developed based on Islamic concepts; this model consists of two parts: mental health processes that represent a pure heart and mental disorder processes that represent a sick heart.

Using the Islamic model presented in this study, therapists can obtain more effective results in the treatment of mental disorders among Muslim patients in Islamic countries.

The present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the possibility of marital adjustment so as to help experts make sound decisions about couples on the brink of divorce. The study was conducted using an exploratory method (instrument development) in two phases. In the first phase, based on qualitative method of grounded theory and using interviews with 33 couples on the brink of divorce and 15 marriage and divorce counselors, marital adjustment factors were explored and a questionnaire was designed in two versions for men and women. In the second phase, based on the quantitative method, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated by purposefully selecting 262 women and 202 men visiting counseling centers in Isfahan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS and Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire and its subscales were calculated. The results showed that two main categories including positive resources and negative resources of marital relationship (deterrents to divorce) are involved in marital adjustment. The results indicated that love, trust, sexual relationship, acceptance, justice, and fairness were the subcategories of positive resources of marital relationship for men and women. Besides, deterrent attitudes, family of origin, children (for men and women) and socio-economic conditions (for women) were determined as the subcategories of the negative resources of the marital relationship. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also provided a significant explanation of the variance of the variable under study by the factors both for women (0.48) and for men (0.49)

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ISTDP and EFT therapies on marital adjustment of married women with experience of complex childhood trauma. The study population consisted of married women with a history of complex childhood trauma and distressing marital relationships in Shahrekord in 1400. sampling was done by call and voluntarily. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, finally, six people were selected and randomly assigned to ISTDP and EFT treatments. After implementation, the approaches were compared. Research data were analyzed by a single case method. The results of visual analysis between the intervention and baseline positions including PND, mean and mean changes, relative and absolute level changes, showed the effectiveness of both treatments on marital adjustment. Mean and average changes for ISTDP and EFT therapies indicated the effectiveness of both approaches on increasing marital adjustment in the middle and end of treatment sessions. Relative level changes for both treatments also indicated an increase in marital adjustment in the early stages of treatment. Results for absolute changes for ISTDP and EFT therapies indicated that both treatments were able to lead to immediate changes in marital adjustment scores. The percentage of overlapping for both treatments indicated the high effectiveness of these two treatments for marital adjustment. Considering the values obtained from the average changes, mean, level changes, and percentage index of overlapping data, the results show that EFT treatment was more effective than ISTDP treatment in increasing marital adjustment.

Quality of married life indicates a successful marriage and it is one of the determining factors of the durability of marriage that includes satisfaction, cohesion, joy, and commitment. the Objective of the present study is The effectiveness of integrated Emotion-focused therapy(Grinbeerg's) and Compassion focused therapy on the quality of married life of conflicting women in Isfahan In this study, a single case design was used and The society includes all married women in Isfahan in 99 That three women were purposefully selected. The research tool was the Basbi and And colleagues (RDAS) Marital Quality of Life Scale. After reviewing and researching the research background, a consultation package was prepared in twelve sixty-minute sessions. Findings are analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistics and Results showed based on the median survey, average and Process (pnd) Combination therapy regulates emotion in a semantic context and And according to mindfulness and training of kind mind has increased the quality and And it is suggested to use a combination of emotion-based therapy and compassion to improve the quality of marriage.

Due to the complexities and challenges of remarriage, the present study was conducted to compare attitudes toward marriage and spouse selection criteria among people on the verge of first marriage and remarriage. The present study was a causal-comparative survey. The statistical population of this study included all people on the verge of first marriage and remarriage referring to marriage registration offices and counseling centers in Shiraz, of which 112 people were elected during 2020 using the convenient sampling method. Participants completed the Braaten and Rosén's Martial Attitude Scale and Refahi et al.'s Selection Criteria Inventory. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, for which SPSS22 was used. Findings revealed that there is no significant difference between people on the verge of marriage and remarriage in terms of attitudes toward marriage. In addition, among the spouse selection criteria, single people on the verge of marriage had a higher average than remarriage (p<0.05). According to the difference of people on the verge of first marriage and remarriage in terms of spouse selection criteria, in premarital counseling, it is better to consider the needs, conditions and criteria of each group separately.

the present study aimed to investigate the existential crises of unfaithful men and examine the effectiveness of indigenous counseling based on marital infidelity tendency.

the research had a exploratory mixed-method design and included both qualitative and quantitative phases. The interpretive phenomenology method was used in the qualitative phase. Eighteen unfaithful men of Shahindej city, Iran, were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed in the qualitative phase. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi’s method. As a result, six categories (i.e., delay contemplation, existential emptiness avoidance, not accepting fate, pathological value change, sexual and desire-based love, and struggling with existential loneliness). Then, the initial model of counseling was designed based on these crises. The model matching method was used to evaluate the theoretical validity of the model. The model was given to 12 experts to confirm its face and content validity, and after approval, it was finalized in the form of 12 sessions. The single case method was used in the quantitative phase. three unfaithful men were purposively selected in the quantitative phase. The model was implemented in three baselines, intervention, and follow-ups. The data were collected by the Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) and analyzed by visual analysis, statistical and clinical significance.

The results revealed that the model significantly reduced marital infidelity tendency (p<0.01).

Therapists can use the model reduce the tendency to infidelity in the individuals or couples engaged in marital infidelity.

The aim of the present research was to determinethe effectiveness of emotional intelligence education on marriage expectation improvement and emotional regulation skill enhancement of youth marriage threshold.research method was quasi-experimental pretest– posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this research were all the male students in marriage threshold in Isfahan Shahid Bahonar Farhangian University.Among the volunteers of participants in education emotional intelligence program,30 students were selected through voluntarily sampling method.They into two groups(15experimental and15control group).the experimental group participated in 9 sessions of emotional intelligence education. There was no intervention to control group. The research tools were ERSQ and MES questionnaires..The results showed that the idealistic expectation, realistic expectation, and emotional regulation skill were increased in experimental group significantly in comparison with control group.Also,the pessimistic expectation was decreased in experimental group significantly in comparison with control group.more over,the results indicated that emotional intelligence education effects on adjusting realistic and pessimistic expectations and improvement of emotional regulation skill of the male youth marriage threshold.Therefore, this package can be used in pre-marital education.

Weakness of social self-efficacy or difficulty in social relationship puts gifted students at risk of psychological damage and lack of emotional and social development. Numerous studies have compared the self-efficacy of gifted and normal students, but research that helps improve the social self-efficacy of gifted students has been overlooked.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of motivational intervention based on Dweck’s mind set on social self-efficacy in gifted students.

The project’s plan was a pseudo-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted the students(female) in the gifted schools in Isfahan who were selected 30 students through purposive sampling and were placed randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions (50 minutes) as intervention group. The research instrument was the Connolly (1989) social self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and SPSS 23.

Findings showed that the motivational intervention based on Dweck’s mind set significantly influenced on increasing gifted student’s social self-efficacy in terms of components of social assertiveness, performance in social situations, participation in social groups, aspects of friendship and intimacy and helping or receiving help (p≤0/05).

Moreover, based on findings of this study motivational intervention based on Dweck’s mind set presents valuable results to improving social self-efficacy and social performance in gifted.

The parent-child interaction is one of the determining factor in the cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral childchr('39')s development in the early years of life. However, what are the components of effective parent-child interactions model of preschoolchr('39')s age?

The purpose of this study is to developing a model of effective parent-child interaction for preschool children.

The present study was under qualitative research strategy based on thematic analysis method. The studychr('39')s population included all resources related to parent-child interactions that was selected by purposive sampling method that after removing the inessential items, 115 sources were examined Initial data were extracted from them. Initial data were extracted from them. Data were analyzed based on Braun & Clarke (2006) thematic analysis method and they were coded in term of parent-child interaction components.

Since the primary data were rewrited and 89 basic themes were located in the first stage of coding. In the second stage 21 themes were identified. In the third stage, 8 global themes were abstracted, and thematic network was formed. Finally, the validity and reliability of model was performed using the interpretive credibility method. Therefore, the results were confirmed by expertchr('39')s feedback.

The model of effective parent-child interaction of preschool children, has sufficient credibility. Thus, more researcherschr('39') attention to the issue of preschoolschr('39') parent-child interaction, will help to develop new educational programs. It can also be a index for professionals to make parents aware the importance of parent-child interactions. Therefore, it is suggested that this model be used in the development of educational protocols based on parent-child relationships.

Careful study of self-concept and function together and in different societies can lead to a deeper understanding of these concepts and how they change, However, so far the study of self-concept and function in the society of married women has been neglected in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states.

The aim of this study was to investigate the self-concept and function of married women in optimism, confusion, realism and devastation states.

This study was conducted with qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The study population of the present study included all married women in 2019 in Isfahan, 60 of whom were selected in four groups by purposive sampling from among those who had the highest score in the four states of the researcher-made illusion and disillusion questionnaire. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis.

Findings included 8 main themes in self-concept and 8 main themes in function analysis which generally showed positive self-concept and optimal function in the spouse role in optimism state, negative self-concept and adverse function in devastation state, instability self-concept and dysfunction in confusion state, self-concept matched successes and failures, and function which consistent with motivation and goals in realism mode. 

The results showed that being in each of the four states has a decisive role in self-concept and function of married women.

The couples’ interactive damages can destroy the family solidarity and seriously damage the couples’ and children’s mental health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of intimate relationship skills combined package and training marriage enrichment on the couples’ interpersonal interactive damages. The current study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included the couples attending consultation centers in the town of Fereidounshahr in 2019 who got significantly higher-than-the-mean scores in the questionnaire of interpersonal interactive damages. 30 couples were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received twelve ninety-minute intervention sessions of training intimate relationship skills combined package and marriage enrichment during two and half months. The applied questionnaire in this study included interpersonal interactive damages questionnaire (researcher-made). The data taken from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. The results revealed that the combined package of intimate relationship skills and training marriage enrichment have significant effect on the couples’ interpersonal interactive damages (p < 0.001)

Family, as a social unit, is the center of growth and development, healing, and the transformation of injuries and complications. In any committed relationship, there is an explicit or implicit commitment. The nature of the commitment of each couple is unique and different. Commitment encompasses sexual and emotional loyalty to one's spouse and regulates the interactions between them within and outside the marriage. Extramarital relationships often involve various negative emotions, such as aggression and the fear of betrayal. Extramarital relationships are highly prevalent in couples seeking treatment; therapists are often unprepared to manage such issues. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) and Integrated Couple Therapy (ICT) on aggression and fear of marital infidelity in couples with extramarital relationships.

This single–case study used AB, i.e., the most commonly used single–subject design. Furthermore, 12 measurements (4 with baseline, 4 times during treatment, and 4 times at follow–up) were performed. Therefore, the dependent variables were measured at baseline; its results were measured in 4 steps in the treatment process until the end of the intervention and finally at the follow–up stage. The study population consisted of couples who experienced emotional–sexual infidelity referring to clinics in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2018. Six couples (n=12) were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of EFCT (3 couples) and ICT (3 couples). The inclusion criteria of the research were consent to participate in the research; couples in which men were emotionally–sexually unfaithful and women were affected by infidelity; at least a week past since the betrayal; the age range of 20–50 years; having an acute or chronic mental health disorder, i.e., confirmed by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist through a clinical interview; not using parallel psychological therapies; not taking psychiatric drugs for 3 months before conducting the clinical interview, and not using substance or alcohol. The exclusion criteria of the study were unwillingness to cooperate; not completing the assignments; absence from >2 sessions, and withdrawal from research. The experimental groups received 15 EFCT sessions and 8 ICT sessions. This study was the first to prepare an EFCT package per the needs and conditions of couples with extramarital relationships, based on a combination of two interventions, i.e., Bowen’s systemic couple therapy and Johnson’s emotional couple therapy. For ICP, a package prepared by Snyder et al. (2007) was used. Research tools included the Aggression Questionnaire (Bus & Perry, 1992) and the Fear of Infidelity Scale (Rouhkbakhsh, 2017), i.e., measured 12 times and provided to the research participants in 3 stages (baseline, treatment, & follow–up). To analyze the obtained data, descriptive statistics (e.g., mean & SD) and inferential statistics (RCI), the percentage of post–intervention recovery, and the percentage of overall post–intervention recovery were used.

The decreasing trend of aggression and betrayal fear in the follow–up phase, compared to baseline and treatment stages in both groups indicated the efficacy of EFCT and ICT on aggression and fear of marital infidelity in the studied couples (p<0.05). The obtained results also suggested that EFCT was more successful in reducing aggression and fear of marital infidelity than ICT.

Based on the present study data, the combination of EFCT and ICT reduced aggression and fear of marital infidelity in couples who experience extramarital relations; however, the EFCT was more successful in reducing the aggression and fear of marital infidelity of these couples than the ICT.

The present study aimed to predict the tendency to Internet Pornography Viewing (IPV) in married men based on difficulty in Emotion Regulation (ER) with the mediating role of impulsivity and experiential avoidance.

The study participants were recruited via advertising banners posted on some of the most popular social networking applications in Iran. A total sample of 123 married men in Isfahan City, Iran, participated in the study. The study participants completed the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ), the Short-form version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-SF), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) through the internet. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD) and correlation tests. For analyzing the study model, the PLS-SEM technique was performed in WarpPLS.

The current research results indicated that difficulties in ER provided a positive direct effect on the tendency to IPV (β=0.37, P<0.01). The results also revealed that impulsivity (β=0.64, P<0.01) and experiential avoidance (β=0.71, P<0.01) played mediating roles between difficulties in ER and the tendency to IPV. The model presented a good fit with the data (AVIF=2.88, GOF=0.63, SPR=1, RSCR=1, SSR=1, NLBCDR=1). 

Difficulties in ER, impulsivity, and experiential avoidance play important roles in the tendency to IPV. Impulsivity and experiential avoidance, as two modes of ER, can mediate the relationship between difficulties in ER and the tendency to IPV; therefore, they should be taken into consideration in this regard.

One of the issues that plays a major role in mate selection is one's attitudes toward mate selection and marriage. The purpose of this study was to construct and determine the factor structure and reliability of a suitable test for assessing attitudes of mate selection in girls on the verge of marriage. Statistical population was girls on the verge of marriage between 18 and 35 years old. The sample consisted of 15 girls on the verge of qualification and 350 girls on the verge of validation. They were selected by convenience sampling. The content analysis method was used at the time of questionnaire construction and 12 categories were identified: rationality and rationalism, realism, belief in self-knowledge, belief to another, compulsory cognitive relevance, necessity thinking of multiple readiness, belief in proportionality, multiple idealism, belief in the attitude of love is simply enough, excessive optimism, limiting choice and marriage, the way to avoid choice and marriage. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire. The results showed that the questionnaire fits well with the field data and the assumed factor structure is confirmed. Reliability of the questionnaire constructed by efficient and dysfunctional beliefs was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Reliability coefficients were higher than 0.70 in all subscales and overall had good reliability (r = 0.94 in total). Therefore, it can be concluded that the designed questionnaire is a valid questionnaire for assessing girls' attitudes towards marriage and can be used in premarital counseling centers.

It is very stressful to constantly struggle to meet the expectations of others or those of one’s self, and it affects performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intervention based on Dweck’s mind set on academic expectations stress among gifted and talented school students. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of female students in the eighth grade of schools for gifted and talented students in Isfahan selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. Thirty students were selected by the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI) and were randomly assigned into a control group (n = 15) and an experimental group (n = 15). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 50 minutes as intervention. Data were analysed using MANCOVA in SPSS-23. There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of the expectations of self, expectations of others, and the total scale. According to the effectiveness of intervention based on Dweck’s mind set in the case of improving the academic expectations stress in gifted students, it could be suggested that this intervention would be useful for reducing stress among gifted students.