فهرست مطالب maryam ghasemi

Heat waves are one of the natural climate phenomena in different regions of the world, which have increased as a result of global climate fluctuations in recent years; which has negative effects on agriculture, fires of forests and pastures, water resources, energy consumption and human health.There is no comprehensive and clear definition of heat wave globally, so that even the World Meteorological Organization has not been able to provide a comprehensive definition of heat waves. Heat wave is variable in different situations and no specific criterion has been defined for it. On the other hand, the characteristics and intensity of heat waves are also variable in each place. But in general, heat waves can be considered as positive fluctuations above the average maximum daily temperatures, which have continuity over days and sometimes weeks.It seems that in each geographical region, based on its environmental and climatic characteristics, certain temperature thresholds can be considered to define the heat wave.Generally, a heat wave refers to intense periods of heat that last more than 5 days and the temperature is 5 degrees higher than normal and also creates a crisis for the environment and human health. In other words, intense heating of the air or the rule and invasion of very hot air in a wide area is called a heat wave.

In this research, the daily maximum temperature data of Isfahan synoptic station were used to identify heat waves in Isfahan. Identification of heat waves based on the 90th percentile was done in such a way that by considering the thresholds for each season and month, the periods in which the maximum temperature was higher than the desired threshold for at least three consecutive days (90th percentile) were considered as heat waves. . In the next step, the frequency of heat waves for different seasons and months was checked, and taking into account the difference between the 90th percentile threshold and the average temperature of the heat wave, the intensity of each heat wave was also calculated, and the trend of its changes in the scale of months and seasons was checked. In the next step, the continuity of each of the identified waves was checked for different months and seasons; in this way, the average continuity and the highest continuity of heat waves and the trend of their changes during the statistical period were evaluated. In this research, the daily heat wave magnitude index (HWMI) has been used. Extraction of heat waves in each season has been done based on a separate percentage threshold of that season. Annual values are also obtained from seasonal values. In this way, the sum of the number of waves of the seasons determines the number of annual waves and the average magnitude of all the waves of the seasons determines the average magnitude of the annual waves of each station. The magnitude of each heat wave is the sum of the magnitude figures of all the days of that wave. Also, the biggest wave of each year is considered as the indicator wave of that year and the biggest wave of each season is considered as the indicator wave of that season.

In the spring and summer seasons, in the first decades of the statistical period, durations of less than 5 days prevailed, but since the mid-90s, heat wave events have occurred in higher durations, with the highest duration in the spring season with 18 days for 2017 and the highest heat wave event. The summer season in 2003 was recorded with duration of 17 days. Spring, summer and autumn have not had much difference in the average duration of heat waves; in such a way that for these three seasons, heat waves continued for an average of 6 days; But for the autumn season, the lowest average duration was recorded with 4.35 days. In line with the trend of changes in continuities, a significant increase has occurred for a large index in the late 90s compared to the beginning of the statistical period. Its clear examples are in the spring season, the magnitude of 29.54 in 2017, in the summer season, the magnitude of 28.05 in 1977, and the highest average magnitude value, which is recorded in these seasons. Examining the changes in the heat wave intensity index, all seasons during the statistical period, from 1970 to 2021, shows that the most intense heat wave is related to the spring with an intensity of 3.88 in 2020, the summer season in 2012 with an intensity of 1.65, and the autumn season It occurred with a magnitude of 2.93 in 2017. The most severe heat waves related to the winter season occurred in three consecutive years between 2016 and 2018, and the intensity of these three waves was 3.31, 3.35 and 3.36, respectively.

There has been a significant increasing trend with a rate of more than 0.5 degree increase for each decade. By examining the frequency of occurrence of waves, we found that the occurrence of heat waves in all seasons of the year in the entire statistical period under study had an increasing trend. The highest frequency related to the spring season with 61 cases and the autumn season with 43 waves during the statistical period, have the lowest frequency of heat waves among other seasons. Examining the frequency of occurrence of heat waves on a monthly scale showed that the months of May and June had the highest frequency of heat waves with 21 and 20 occurrences, respectively, and July had the lowest frequency of heat waves with 13 occurrences in the statistical period studied. Examining the intensity of the waves showed that this index had an increasing trend in all seasons, and based on the results of the Mann-Kendall test, this increasing trend was significant for all seasons except summer. The changes in the highest duration of heat waves show that, in the first decades of the statistical period, durations of less than 5 days prevailed, but since the mid-90s, heat wave events have occurred in higher durations. The longest recorded duration of heat waves for spring and summer was 18 and 17 days, respectively. Since 1990, at the same time as the trend of global warming, the penetration of heat waves in Isfahan city has increased significantly, and the most heat waves were recorded in 2003 and 1999. On a monthly scale, the highest average persistence was in March and August. The highest duration recorded for heat waves in the months studied in the statistical period (1970-2021) was for April and July with 13 days and the smallest for January with 6 days. Along with the trend of changes in continuities, a significant increase has occurred for a large index in the late 90s compared to the beginning of the statistical period.

Understanding, measuring, and improving the quality of life has been one of the primary goals of researchers, planners, and governments in recent decades. This scientific and research field has attracted the attention of many scholars from various domains such as sociology, psychology, economics, environmental sciences, geography, medicine, and other disciplines. Since the 1960s, quality of life has become a favored topic in the social sciences, as it became clear during that decade that economic growth and development do not necessarily lead to improvements in people's lives. Enhancing quality of life is an issue that can foster development in aspects such as social, economic, and physical development. In countries like Iran, which have a significant geographical diversity, this necessitates the development of all sectors and social units within rural communities. This concept is one of the most important and impactful foundations for advancing development goals in rural areas, especially in developing countries, and is considered one of the main pillars of sustainable development in the rural regions of the country.

The present study is applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of the research consists of rural households in the central district of Nowshahr County. Using Cochran's formula, the required sample size for completing the questionnaire was determined to be 380 households, which were distributed across the studied villages. Data collection methods included both library research and fieldwork (questionnaires). The analysis of the data was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

In the initial phase, a Likert-scale questionnaire was designed to gauge respondents' perceptions of quality of life across four dimensions: economic, social, physical, and environmental. Participants were asked to evaluate their agreement with statements pertaining to each criterion using a 5-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. This approach allowed for the measurement of satisfaction levels with various factors influencing quality of life. The one-sample t-test analysis of resident perspectives in the central district of Nowshahr indicated that the most favorable conditions are found in the physical dimension. This is supported by improvements in foundational physical indicators, including adequate heating and cooling systems, sufficient lighting, sanitary sewage systems, an appropriate number of rooms, accessible public transportation, well-maintained roads, and quality drinking water, compared to two decades ago. The quality of the landscape was assessed as above average, largely attributed to the sample villages’ location within a forested area and their proximity to the sea and pristine nature. This contributed significantly to residents' satisfaction with their environmental surroundings. Each component of the social dimension was also rated higher than average compared to the past, although there was no significant deviation from the midpoint calculation. However, the least favorable conditions were associated with the economic dimension, specifically concerning employment and income.

The present research examines the level of satisfaction among residents of Nowshahr’s central district. Findings suggest that social characteristics of rural areas are influential factors in quality-of-life satisfaction. The hypothesis that social infrastructure is significantly related to rural residents' quality of life was confirmed. This implies that increased access to social infrastructure, including health and hygiene facilities (health houses, clinics, hospitals, and safe drinking water) and educational facilities (schools and kindergartens), is correlated with higher life satisfaction and improved quality of life, and vice versa. The overall findings of this research emphasize the positive impact of service characteristics on residents’ satisfaction with quality of life in rural areas. To improve quality of life in the physical dimension, specific recommendations include ensuring easy and affordable access to medical professionals at clinics, developing health facilities, providing comprehensive health and medical services (health houses, clinics, baths, etc.), and enhancing round-the-clock emergency services. Additionally, implementing health initiatives such as relocating livestock from villages, creating leisure spaces within villages, providing diverse entertainment options, ensuring satisfaction with recreational facilities, establishing adequate sports facilities, and promoting cultural and artistic amenities (such as libraries) are essential factors in enhancing the quality of life in rural areas. Finally, it should be noted that, as Mirzaian et al. (2016) indicated, satisfaction with quality of life is closely linked to establishing optimal conditions in the social, economic, and physical dimensions. This study further supports this assertion by attributing the improvement of quality of life in rural areas to all of the examined indicators.

TIntroduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and multidimensional concept and does not include only the material aspects of life. Measuring and understanding it depends on various environmental factors - ecological, social - cultural and economic, and individuals in the community also live in it.Methodology In the last two decades. Due to the nature of the subject and the studied components, the research method is descriptive-analytical. In this method, first, quality of life indicators were studied and measured separately in rural areas. Then, in the analysis stage, the distance from the city and the distance to the main road were evaluated on the spatial differences in quality of life.Geographical area of research The studied geographical area is the central part of Nowshahr city and the statistical population of the villagers is 21 villages and the sample size is 380 families of villagers who have been determined using the Cochran's formula. Results and discussion The results showed that the situation of the studied villages in terms of physical quality indicators of quality of life and economic indicators are at an unfavorable level. Which can be due to various factors such as lack of desirable service levels, lack of income sources, etc. in the region. Satisfaction is there; And the villages of Sangtu, Hamzdeh Olya and Chelek Olya are at the lowest level of quality of life and satisfaction.

World Kidney Day is an annual, global awareness campaign that aims to raise awareness of the importance of kidney health and hopes to alleviate the global burden of kidney diseases. It is observed annually on the second Thursday of March. The campaign focuses on elucidating various aspects of kidney health, including prevention, early detection, and management of kidney diseases. It highlights the risk factors contributing to kidney disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. By raising awareness about these risk factors, World Kidney Day encourages individuals to make lifestyle modifications and promptly seek medical intervention to reduce their risk factors.

 Pneumothorax (PTX), pneumomediastinum (PM), and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) are complications associated with COVID-19. It is crucial to study these risk factors, complications, and their prognosis for early diagnosis amidst the rising number of cases today.

 We conducted a case-control study involving 81 pairs of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia complicated by Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, comparing them with patients who did not have these complications to assess the risk factors for and prognosis of pulmonary complications in COVID-19.

 The demographic data and medical history of comorbid diseases did not show an association with PTX, PM, and SE in COVID-19 pneumonia (all P-values > 0.05). However, laboratory data such as white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the group with complications (P < 0.05). Additionally, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the group with complications, and intubation further extended this duration. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the case group (70% vs. 14%, P < 0.0001), with a significant odds ratio in comparison to patients without complications in the regression model (B = 2.61, Exp(B) = 13.65 with a 95% CI of 6.28 - 29.69).

 Pulmonary complications worsen the prognosis of COVID-19. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 pneumonia can lead to mechanical barotrauma, regardless of intubation status. Ventilator settings should be adjusted below the confidence level. Acute phase reactants and certain inflammatory markers, except for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), are elevated in patients with complications, though they do not significantly predict outcomes.

Thyroid neoplasia is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules has a low sensitivity in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Evaluation of the rate of expression and diagnostic value of immunohistochemical biomarkers in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions and different types of malignant lesions is the main purpose of this study.

Sixty articles were reviewed in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. The rate of detection of various immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers in several thyroid lesions was examined by meta-analysis. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each marker. The accuracy of each test was evaluated by calculating the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was performed for three markers.

Sensitivity and specificity of CK-19, Gal-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for detection of thyroid malignancies were 81% and 73%, 82% and 81%, and 77% and 83 %, respectively. The combination of these three markers showed the sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.1. Additionally, uPAR, Sialyl Lewis X, MIB-1, and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1. (HBME-1) can effectively differentiate the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) as they are significantly more common in FVPTCs (P<0.05).

We showed that CK-19, Gal-3, and CEA had an important and statistically significant role in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. In addition, according to our results, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), Sialyl Lewis X, MIB-1, and HBME-1 can effectively differentiate FVPTC from FTC with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.

Return migration is a reaction to the attractiveness of rural areas. This type of migration can have many and varied effects on rural area reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effects of return migration on the reconstruction of rural settlements in Neyshabur. The research method is descriptive-analytic and a questionnaire based.  In this study, 37 villages in Neyshabur that had returning migrants were surveyed. And 55 effects of returning migrants on rural areas reconstruction were identified, that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.942 indicates the optimal reliability of the research instrument. The indices were evaluated under three social dimensions with 18 indices (α = 0.925), economic with 21 indices (α = 0.891) and physical-environmental with 16 indices (α = 0.852). Exploratory factor analysis was used because t-test showed that there isn't significant difference between the three dimensions except social dimension. The results showed that 55 effects identified return migration can be classified as 14 main effects with 78.79% variance.  Accordingly, 1- increasing cohesion and solidarity among residents with 25.21% of variance, 2- improving service and welfare infrastructure with10.52% of variance, 3- boosting rural economy with7% of variance, 4- activating of capacities with 5.4% of variance, 5- developing Non-farming activities with 5% variance are the most important effects of return migration on the reconstruction of rural settlements.

Among the main flows between urban and rural settlements are economic relations in the field of agriculture, which takes place with the transfer of manufactured products to the city and the provision of necessary agricultural inputs from the city, followed by other flows (labour force, people, capital, etc.). ..) affects Spatial flows between the city and the village over time are key factors in the spatial evolution of rural settlements. If these relations are complementary, they lead to two-way functions and can become the foundation of rural development. The descriptive-analytical research method and the required data were collected with the help of documentary and field methods.In this study, 22 villages were selected using the stratified sampling method. The unit of analysis was farmers in the sample villages of Khorram Abad County, after quantifying the variable of economic capacities (agriculture) and intensity of rural-urban flows, their relationship was investigated. In order to measure the relationship between agricultural capacities and urban-rural links after extracting the amount of agricultural and garden land under cultivation and the products produced, and then calculating the per capita products separately by product and village using the Pearson correlation test and ranking the villages using the Vicor model and AHP was used to weight the criteria.The results indicate that there is a direct and significant correlation between the two variables of the economic capacities of the studied villages and the intensity of rural-urban flows with a strong intensity (0.812) at the 99% confidence level.

In addition to romantic themes, the domain of lyrical literature also includes a wide range of moral, political and social themes and lessons. This research is an attempt to show the themes and intellectual level in two lyrical systems of Khosrow and Shirin and Laili and Majnoon Nizami Ganjavi. Although these two works are considered lyrical works at first glance; However, Nizami, with artistry and elegance, during his lyrical poems, has described and explained various issues, such as moral issues and religious thoughts, rulings and themes of advice and admonition, referring to various sciences, etc. The results of the research show that in the two mentioned poems, in addition to the main theme of love, we also see some thoughts and secondary themes, such as references to educational literature and advice, references to religion, references to various sciences, etc. Also, lifestyle is one of the new and strategic issues of the present era, and in fact, despite the different definitions of it in the literature of society and culture, researchers are still facing many problems in defining and interpreting this concept. In the definition of lifestyle, it is stated: describing or prescribing states, speech and human behavior in all areas of life is called lifestyle. The religion of Islam is the last divine religion and the most complete plan to ensure the happiness of mankind in this world and the hereafter. Its worldview is trans-spatial and trans-temporal, that is, universal and eternal. One of the pillars of ensuring human happiness

An individual with a genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can experience inflammatory responses leading to conditions such as Crohn’s disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, stem cell therapies, particularly those utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are gaining attention due to their immunomodulatory properties, as demonstrated in clinical trials. Consequently, we decided to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) and Abatacept in an experimental model of acute colitis. MSC-CM was extracted from female BALB/C mice and stored for future use. Acute colitis was induced in BALB/C mice through the intrarectal administration of 100 µL of 4% acetic acid. Following this procedure, CM and Abatacept were administered intraperitoneally. Throughout the study, various parameters were monitored, including changes in body weight, bleeding, stool consistency, disease activity index (DAI), mortality rate, as well as the weight and length of the colon. Histopathological analyses were also conducted, along with monitoring changes in the levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ. The data collected are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. According to the results of the study, CM with and without Abatacept significantly reduced weight loss and bleeding as well as improved fecal consistency and DAI. Macroscopic examination of the colon showed that after infusion, colon length was reduced and histopathological analysis showed a decrease in mucosal changes. The secretion of IL-10 was increased while the IFN-γ level was reduced. Research indicates that the immunomodulatory properties of MSC secretion can have positive effects. We propose a combination therapy with MSC, which we believe could lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of acute colitis.

 The purpose of the current work was to manufacture vitamin A (Vit A) niosome and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) using an ultrasonic approach and to evaluate its effect on wound healing.

 The nanoparticles were prepared through an ultrasonication technique and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the nanoparticles were evaluated for their various parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, in-vitro drug release study, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and in-vivo wound healing.

 TEM confirmed the spherical nature of the Vit A-niosome and SLN. The Vit A formulations (niosome and SLN) were stable in the accelerated stability test (freeze-thaw cycle). Vit A release from the SLN gel and niosome gel was significantly higher (almost 70 and 80%, respectively) than simple Vit A gel. According to the animal study, the wound healing closure in the Vit A niosomal gel and Vit A SLN gel was greater than the other groups during the 21 days after surgery (P < 0.05) and was close to each other over time and on day 21. Based on histological data, wounds treated with Vit A niosome gel and Vit A-SLN gel had more collagen than the other groups. MDA malondialdehyde (MDA, an end-product of lipid peroxidation) significantly decreased in the Vit A-niosome and Vit A-SLN gel group after 21 days, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an endogenous antioxidant), and hydroxyproline levels demonstrated an increase.

 The findings of this study revealed that the prepared Vit A nano-formulations could be used as a possible and safe nano-vesicle for Vit A cutaneous delivery thus potentially opening up new prospects for the treatment of wound disorders.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global concern. Since its outbreak in December 2019, researchers and authorities have made numerous efforts to identify the disease’s prognostic markers. Changes in the values of coagulation tests are common in these patients. This study aimed to study any possible association between coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients with prognostic indicators and the disease severity.

This cross-sectional survey investigates the CBC, coagulation status, and plasma D-dimer level in confirmed cases of COVID-19 (RT-PCR and/or chest CT scan) admitted to Boo-Ali Sina and Imam Khomeini hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, in the north of Iran in the last three months of 2021. The tests were ordered at the beginning of hospitalization and discharge. The results included lung involvement percentage, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and survival.

Of 140 COVID-19 patients (Mean±SD age: 55.73±16.821 years) evaluated in this study, 51.4% were male. Among comorbidities, diabetes and hypertension were the most common ones. The Mean±SD hospitalization length was 8.47±7.8 days. Also, 56(40.0%), 40(28.6%), and the rest of the patients showed <25%, 25%-50%, and >50% of lung involvement, respectively. In addition, the CURB-65 score for pneumonia severity was low, medium, and high risk for 84, 34, and 22 patients, respectively. The most frequent abnormality among the results was prothrombin time (PT) (17.9%), thrombocytopenia (25.7%), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (32.9%), and elevated D-dimer level (62.9%). The results showed a significant relationship between abnormal D-dimer levels and poor outcomes, including higher CURB-65 score, higher lung involvement in CT scans, more ICU admissions, and even death. Meanwhile, PT, PTT, and platelet count on admission did not help predict the study population’s clinical course and general survival.

Disturbance of coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients with no significant history can serve as an available and reliable prognostic marker in the patients’ outcomes and clinical course.

Autism spectrum disorder as one of the neurodevelopmental disorders causes the occurrence of negative consequences, problems and numerous challenges in different individual and social dimensions. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the package of increasing the previous skills on the promotion of social adaptation in children with Autism spectrum disorder.

 The present research in terms of the purpose of the type of applied research and in terms of the method Data collection From type Quasi – experimental research with pre-test and post -test And group Control. The statistical population of this research include all children aged (11-16) years old with typhoid disorder in the city of Tehran in 2023, among them A sample of 30 people was selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The experimental group was trained with a pishan pack and the control group did not receive any program. In the present study Weyland's Conciliatory Behavior Scale (1980) was used as a research tool. Inclusion criteria included informed consent, not having received similar training, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and exclusion criteria included absence of more than two sessions, unwillingness to continue cooperation, and history of psychiatric disorders. The breakdown of e The solution of L Data through SPSS software version 26 in two parts The description (mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics (Analysis of Covariance) were performed.

 The results of covariance analysis showed that the package of increasing the previous skills was effective on the social adaptation of children with Autism spectrum disorder(p < 0.05).

According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the package of increasing the skills of the children is effective in improving the social adaptation of children with Autism spectrum disorder It is suggested to use the package to increase their previous skills in the process of treatment and education.

Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.

the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.

The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.

This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population.

Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting financial resilience in Tehran Stock Exchange companies in order to prevent bankruptcy.The research method is exploratory from the point of view of the practical goal and the method of data collection, and the data analysis mechanism is based on meta-composite method and focus groups. Papers related to financial resilience including 40 articles and works were selected and analyzed based on valid criteria among 110 articles and works. The second statistical population included experts in the field of financial resilience, who were finally determined to be 10 people, and due to the conditions and limitations of the Corona pandemic, they provided opinions and suggestions remotely. By applying the seven stages of metacomposition, a conceptual model was obtained in six conceptual layers, categories and codes. Concepts and topics were included in each of the layers, and finally 28 categories were identified. In order to validate the quality of the obtained model, based on the opinions of experts, it was obtained in the form of focus groups, and the conceptual model was approved by the research experts. According to the findings from the implementation of the hybrid process in identifying the dimensions and categories of financial resilience, which can be a basis for future researches in the direction of how to implement financial empowerment policies and maintain financial resilience in

This study investigates the CCR7 chemokine receptor’s prognostic value in gastric cancer and its relationship to metastasis.

Normal and adjacent tumor cells in 70 patients with gastric cancer were evaluated for CCR7 expression using immunohistochemical staining. The prognostic values of high and low levels of expression of CCR7 were also evaluated by multivariate and univariate analyses.

Analysis indicated high expression of CCR7 in 52.9% of tumor tissue. Moreover, high expression of CCR7 was significantly related to metastasis of lymph nodes (p = 0.00). In addition, high expression of CCR7 had a positive correlation to the disease stage (p = 0.00), age of ≥50 years (p = 0.019), male gender (p = 0.024), vascular involvement (p = 0.009), histology of tumor adenocarcinoma (p = 0.00), and poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.00). However, the high expression of the CCR7 marker was not related to the tumor size.

Based on our results, CCR7 expression in gastric cancer can be considered a clinical prognostic indicator in patients with gastric cancer.

Flood hazards in Iran annually inflict significant damages on rural areas, particularly impacting the housing sector. Consequently, focusing on the physical resilience of rural housing is essential due to its heightened vulnerability to floods. This study aims to assess the level of physical resilience of rural dwellings in Dargaz county facing floods and examine the influential contextual factors. The research, characterized by an applied purpose and a descriptive-analytical nature, relies on field surveys. The structure of physical housing resilience is quantified across five components: spatial, legal, structural, functional, and perceptual resilience, utilizing 36 indicators within the Likert spectrum. Following preliminary exploratory studies, nine villages with the highest flood vulnerability in the city were identified as the research sample. At the time of the 1399 study, these villages housed 1514 residential units, with 225 units determined as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The research tool was completed with the assistance of household heads. The reliability of the questionnaire, assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the resilience structure, was 0.95, indicating a desirable level. Results indicated that the overall average of physical housing resilience (excluding the legal dimension) and the resilience structure was significantly lower than the theoretical average, falling within the low to moderate range. Furthermore, as residence duration and the age of homeowners in the village increased, the physical resilience of housing showed a weakening trend. Conversely, increased years of education and income were associated with a higher level of physical housing resilience, albeit with weak intensity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that has affected the world and requires extensive studies. Studies have shown that high procalcitonin (PCT) level is associated with the severity of many diseases, such as bacterial endocarditis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, enterocolitis, and even appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the serum PCT levels in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in northern Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Boo-Ali Sina and Imam Khomeini hospitals, Mazandaran Province, the north of Iran. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characterization was filled out for every patient. Results of some laboratories and clinical manifestations of the disorder were extracted from their clinical records.

A total of 103 COVID-19 patients (53 male and 50 female) were included in the study. Our patients’ mean serum PCT level was 0.18±0.024 ng/mL. Significant relationships existed between patients’ age and serum PCT level (P=0.025) and short-term prognosis (P=0.044).

The short-term prognosis of the disease was significantly associated with the serum PCT level, which indicates that increasing the serum PCT levels worsen the short-term prognosis. Therefore, serum PCT level may help determine disease severity and predict the prognosis of the disease in COVID-19 patients.

Densification is a mechanical modifying method to improve the mechanical properties of cultivated fast growing woods. A prevalent approach to overcome the set recovery obstacle of densified wood is heat treatment which causes decrease of mechanical properties. Heat treatment with plant functionalized oil, due to reaction of functional groups of oil with hydroxyl groups of wood, leads to an improvement of physical and mechanical properties of wood. The objective of the present research was to compensate the loss of mechanical properties through combination of densification and heat treatment in epoxidized soybean oil. In the present study, fast grown poplar wood was impregnated with raw and epoxidized soybean oil and then densified to a compression set of 30 percent. The epoxidized oil impregnated/ densified wood samples were heat treated in an oven at 180 oC for four hours and the mechanical properties of both densified and non-densified samples, impregnated with the raw and epoxidized oil were investigated comparatively. calculation of oil uptake values of raw and epoxidized soybean oil in densified and non-densified samples showed that in non-densified sample, epoxidized oil had nearly twofold uptake compared to the raw one, because of its higher polarity and higher penetrating ability. Densification led to a considerable removal of oil in both level; however epoxidized oil in densified sample had higher uptake compared to the raw one. Results of mechanical properties showed heat treatment in raw and epoxidized oil caused a 97 and 7 percent loss of flexural strength respectively. Heat treatment of densified wood with raw and epoxidized oil cause a 96 and 20 percent decrease in hardness values compared to the non-heat treated ones. Heat treating of densified wood in epoxidized oil medium led to a decrease of flexibility and impact strength as well. Wood impregnation with epoxidized oil, because of its permeation into the cell wall, led to a considerable decrease of flexural strength and hardness; however densification further increased these strengths. Heat treatment of epoxidized impregnated samples after densification led to a lower decrease of flexural strength and hardness, as compared to raw oil impregnated samples, however this effect was not observed for impact strength. Generally, heat treatment in epoxidized soy bean oil could be recommended as an effective method for decreasing the spring back and water absorption of densified wood which led to a lower reduction of mechanical strength as well.

After the beginning of a new round of sanctions against Iran in 2010-2011, many disorders were introduced in the Iranian economy including increased inflation and reduced purchasing power. It has significantly affected on the welfare of families and, hence. The study objective is to compare the effects of inflation on the costs of the social welfare and income among rural and urban families.

The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology and urban and rural families in 31 provinces of Iran constitute its units of analysis. The data was comprised of family expenditure on food and non-food items in urban and rural areas during the period of 2011-2017 (at the height of sanctions) together with inflation. The panel data was analyzed using STATA 15 software package.

The findings showed that inflation has increased income and, as a result, has increased costs and that a one percent increase in inflation has increased non-food costs as much as 0.43 and 0.35 and food costs as much as 0.18 and 0.22 for rural families. Similarly, by a one percent increase in inflation in urban areas of Iran, families’ non-food costs have increased by 0.20 and 0.16 and their food costs have increased by 0.11 and 0.24.Overall, inflation has led to a lower increase in the expenditure of rural families, so that a one percent increase in inflation has increased the costs for urban families as much as 0.32 and for rural families as much as 0.15. Therefore, the inflation caused by sanctions has increased the gap between urban and rural area and, as a result, increased macroeconomic instability. Considering the mutual effect of income distribution, unemployment, inflation and cost on each other, the policy of adjustment of income distribution and tax on income and wealth should be implemented in an exponential manner to reduce inequality. Also, in the face of inequality, in the early stages of development, politicians can control or reduce the upward trend in poverty and inequality by using the tools of transfer payments, social security insurances, unemployment insurances, etc.

The results of this research can help organizations in charge of dealing with the effects of inflation in urban and rural areas to have a deeper insight into the existing conditions so that they can reduce the negative effects of inflation on life by using the solutions provided.

 Changing the cultivation pattern of water-bearing crops to medicinal plants is emphasized by agricultural and rural experts due to the preservation of essential environmental resources and high added value. The present study deals with the feasibility of introducing four medicinal plants, pumpkin, black seed, asparagus, and cumin, in the cultivation pattern of farmers in Chenaran county.

 The descriptive research method is analytical, and the type of research is applied. In this study, 245 rural farmers in 16 villages were studied. 

 The farmers' acceptance of introducing medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern is low, so only 11% of the farmers had a great desire to cultivate the four proposed plants. Also, 98 percent of the farmers needed more technical knowledge in planting, growing, harvesting, processing, maintaining, and selling the proposed medicinal plants. The most important reason for farmers' failure to introduce medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern has been the government's lack of support for producing medicinal plants, drought, and problems related to the labor force. Agricultural land potential assessment showed that of the total area of 327,000 hectares in Chenaran county, 32% is suitable for cultivating asparagus, 11% for cultivating pumpkin, and 32% for cultivating cumin and black seeds.

 Since medicinal plant producers must be sure of guaranteed markets, it is necessary to increase the farmer's share in the potentially profitable value chain of the market by adopting appropriate strategies.

Innovation: 

One of the most important innovative and practical aspects of the research is to identify the degree of acceptance of farmers towards the cultivation of the proposed medicinal plants and the level of their technical knowledge in this field.

With the spread of Covid-19, the demand for tourism decreased to a minimum. As a result, tourism businesses suffered from much damage, including a reduction in tourist stay, a decrease in the sale of rural products, an increase in unemployment of tourism sector workers, a decrease in income and an increase in economic pressure that faced a lack of capital efficiency in the tourism sector. This issue is of particular importance in tourism destination villages due to the dependence of a large part of the residents' income on tourism; Therefore, the current study has examined the vulnerability of rural tourism businesses in the face of Covid-19.

The descriptive-analytical research method is of applied type. Field data collection was done in the spring of 2021 before the start of the seventh wave of Covid-19. The study area is Kalat-e Naderi county in Razavi Khorasan province. In this study, eight villages were identified and studied as tourist destinations with the help of cultural heritage experts and district administrations. The unit of analysis was 201 tourism business owners who had direct and indirect income from tourism before Covid-19. The situation of tourism businesses in two periods before and after the Covid-19 outbreak was investigated with the help of the Pseudo-panel method with six variables on a relative scale. Also, the damage caused to the tourism sector was quantified with the help of 18 indicators on an ordinal scale. Data analysis was done with the help of paired sample and single sample t-test, two independent samples, exploratory factor analysis, and one-way analysis of variance. The reliability of the questionnaires was checked with the help of Cronbach's alpha, and its coefficient was 0.81 for 18 indicators.

The average vulnerability of tourism businesses on the Likert scale has been evaluated as high, with 4.03. The vulnerability of mature businesses is 4.1 more than that of start-up businesses, with 3.9 and growing businesses at 3.8. The high age and low level of education of mature business owners can help explain the high vulnerability of mature businesses. Exploratory factor analysis divided the most significant damages of tourism businesses under five factors with 63% variance. A significant decrease in tourism demand with a 29.91% variance is the main damage to tourism businesses. Then they are: jeopardizing job security and investments, stopping the activities of the tourism sector, lack government support for tourism businesses and closure tourism businesses, respectively.

The outbreak of Covid-19 showed that tourism businesses are extremely vulnerable in the face of external crises, and the owners of these businesses suffered an economic shock. In such a situation, these businesses were left alone, with no plan for survival or reducing their vulnerability. About 40 percent of the surveyed businesses, which had income from the tourism sector before Covid-19, lost their income from the tourism sector altogether after the outbreak, and the organizations in charge of rural tourism could not play an effective role in the survival and increasing the resilience of tourism businesses. Therefore, it is necessary to play the active role of trustee institutions in adopting effective measures to increase the resilience of tourism businesses, especially in the villages of tourism destinations, in the face of external impulses.

This study aims is to assess the tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized Rosa Canina-L fruits activated carbon prepared by microwave-assisted technique for the removal of Methylene Blue dye from an aqueous solution. The morphological and anatomical characterization of the developed adsorbent was carried out using various analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology and physical condition of the absorbent surface show a porous morphology that contains numerous deep holes suitable for dye absorption. Taguchi design of the experiment was used to find the best conditions for the removal of MB dye from the aqueous solution. The effects of different parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, reaction time, initial dye concentration, and temperature at 3 different levels were considered using an L27 Taguchi method. Analysis of data was performed using one- way variance and calculation of signal-to-noise rate. Based on signal- to- noise ratios, the optimum process conditions were pH 4, adsorbent dose 0.03 g, contact time 30 min, initial MB concentration 25 mg/L and temperature 298 K. According to one- way variance results, the influence of the controllable factors in descending order is pH > adsorbent dose > temperature > initial dye concentration > contact time. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of this adsorbent fits well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The whole process of adsorption of Methylene Blue dye onto this adsorbent was found to be spontaneous and exothermic under standard conditions.

Since the Qur'an is a pure divine revelation, the knowledge of its understanding is necessary in order to produce sciences and knowledge in a codified and reasoned manner. Toward this end, the present study examines Quran-based research methodologies. First, the necessity to refer to, and understand the Qur'an was proposed as the presupposition of the article. Afterward, it discussed a number of methodological foundations for Qur'anic research, including the principles of dealing with the text and interpretation, its structure, words, propositions, the relationship between verses and chapters, as well as the relationship of infallible narrations with the Qur'an. These principles indicate that researchers have adopted rules and regulations for understanding methods. For this reason, the present study explained and described the criteria governing research methods based on the proposed principles. Finally, it considered and described the process of Qur'an-based research in various sciences.