فهرست مطالب maryam moghimian

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a treatment for aluminum phosphide (ALP) poisoning, which is known as “rice tablet”.

In the present study, the impact of different doses of ethanolic extract of olive leaves (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on ALP (120 mg/kg)-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in anesthetized-gastrotomized adult male Wistar rats. Thirty-five rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=7) as follows: control (AC) and treatment groups [ALP+Olea100 (AO100), ALP+Olea 200 (AO200), and ALP+Olea 400 (AO400)]. Physiological data including blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), as well as oxidative stress markers were measured in heart tissues.

ALP-intoxication led to perturbed normal ECG and increased oxidative stress. Administration of olive leaf extract at various concentrations, however, mitigated bradycardia after 90 minutes, following ALP-intoxication (in AO200), hypotension (in AO100), and cardiac conduction disturbances (decreased QTC in the AO200 30 (P<0.05), 60 (P<0.001), and 90 (P<0.05) minutes after intoxication)   and decreased PR 60 (P<0.05) and 90 minutes (P<0.01) after intoxication. This was compared with baseline as well as detrimental changes in cardiac electrophysiology [mitigated ST-segment elevation  in AO200  and depressed T-wave in the AO200 (P<0.05) and  AO400 (P<0.01)  groups 90 minutes after intoxication]

Based on these authentic results, it seems that olive leaf extracts can be useful in reducing the severity of symptoms in ALP-poisoned individuals and could be utilized in a poisoning emergency.

Parents of children with phenylketonuria experience a significant care burden due to the provision of continuous care. It will be easier to bear if parents are self-efficacious in providing care. Follow-up care can be supportive in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the effect of implementing the continuous care model on the self-efficacy and care burden of parents with a child with phenylketonuria.

The present study is a semi-experimental study that was conducted in 2019 at the clinic of Amin Shahr Hospital in Isfahan. 72 parents of children with phenylketonuria were first selected by the available method and randomly assigned to two groups of 36 people, test and control. In the test group, the follow-up care model was implemented in four months. The control group received the usual training. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire, Zarit care pressure, and Domka parental self-efficacy, which the participants answered before and one month after the study.

In the test group, the average self-efficacy after the study was significantly higher than before, but there was no significant difference in the control group (P < 0.05). The average self-efficacy before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups. The average care burden after the intervention was significantly lower than before in the test group, but there was no significant difference in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the average care burden before the intervention. Still, after the intervention in the test group, it was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).

The implementation of follow-up care for parents with a child with phenylketonuria increases self-efficacy and reduces the burden of care. Therefore, it is suggested to use this model during discharge for this target group.

The present study was conducted to investigate the the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy on drug beliefs and addiction memory in opioid addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. In terms of the objective, this research was of an applied type and in terms of the method of conducting the research, it was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a 2-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included opiate addicts undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone in Bushehr city in the second six months of 2021. In this research, 28 drug addicts were selected using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (14 people in the experimental group and 14 people in the control group). The people in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy during 12 weeks in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The applied questionnaire included Drug Beliefs Questionnaire (DBQ), and Addiction Memory Scale (AMS). The results showed that cognitive- behavioral therapy has significant effect on the drug beliefs (F=32.92; Eta=0.56; P<0001) and addiction memory (F=27.66; Eta=0.51; P<0001) in opioid addicts undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Based on this, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy with the recognition of spontaneous thoughts, logical errors, objectification of thoughts and methods of avoiding generalization and examining schemas and fundamental cognitions can lead to the acquisition of new cognitive skills and behavioral techniques in addicts. And in this way, to change the drug beliefs and addiction memory.

Testicular torsion is very common in urological emergencies, which damages testicular tissue and reproductive function. Safranal, known for its robust antioxidant properties, has demonstrated effective inhibition of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in various tissues such as the hippocampus, cerebral, and skeletal muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Safranal on testicular tissue following IRI.

This research involved 48 male adult Wistar rats. They were randomly divided into six groups: control, testicular torsion/detorsion (TD), torsion and detorsion/safranal (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, ip), and safranal control groups (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, ip). Under anesthesia, the left testicular torsion was induced for four hours, 30 minutes before detorsion, a single dose of safranal was injected. After 24 hours of reperfusion, assessments encompassing oxidative markers, estradiol, testosterone, LH hormone, sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, and gene expression were conducted on blood and tissue samples.

Heightened seminiferous epithelia (HE) was observed in the TD groups receiving safranal (TD+Sa 0.1, 0.5). There was a significant increase in sperm count and a notable reduction in abnormal sperm count compared to the TD group. Also, the expression of the Bax gene significantly decreased in comparison to the TD group. In rats receiving 0.1 mg/ kg of safranal, there was an improvement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Although not statistically significant, the TD+Sa groups exhibited slightly enhanced levels of estradiol, testosterone, and LH compared to the TD group.

These findings suggest that safranal may protect testicular tissue from IRI through antioxidant and antiapoptotic pathways.

Due to physical and mental deficiencies in the elderly, choosing a right treatment approach can effectively improve their health and psychological problems . Therefore, the present study was to compare the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) and neurofeedback therapy (NT) on sleep quality of the elderly . The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group . The statistical population included all the elderly who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019 , Among whom 45 people (60 to 70 years old) who were eligible according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental groups (TDCS and NT) and a control group in the same proportion . Petersburg’s Sleep Quality Questionnaire was used to collect data . The first experimental group was provided with TDCS using the brain electrical stimulation device II Dose A and the second experimental group was provided with NT using the neurofeedback device  0 .5 Ver A7990SA. The control group was placed on the waiting list for two months to receive the intervention . The data obtained from the research were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) in SPSS26 software. The results illustrated that both TDCS and NT were effective in improving the sleep quality of the elderly. However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on improving sleep quality (P<0.001), in the way that NT is more effective than TDCS in improving the sleep quality of the elderly . Based on the findings of this research, TDCS and NT can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the sleep quality of the elderly .

Based on the evidence, Patients with coronary artery disease have unstable blood pressure and low action flexibility, which causes disease recurrence and increased risk of death. Based on previous studies, Interpersonal therapy can help treat disorders in chronic patients, However, there is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of this type of treatment on action flexibility and blood pressure of women with coronary artery disease.

The current study aims to determine the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy on action flexibility and blood- pressure in women with coronary artery disease.

The current study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up period (45 days). The statistical population of the study includes all female patients with coronary artery disease who had an appointment at the Cardiac Rehabilitation in Afshar Clinic of Yazd in 2021; 28 of them were selected in a targeted method and replaced by random assignment in the groups. Data collection tools include Action flexibility questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and sphygmomanometer. The data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis and SPSS24 software.

According to the results obtained, interpersona psychotherapy significantly affects the flexibility of patients' actions (P>0.05). Although this treatment had a significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the interventions, this effect was not effective in the follow-up stage (p<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present research, it seems, interpersonal psychotherapy improves the functional flexibility of coronary artery patients. Therefore, it is important for specialists to know about this treatment in order to improve the action flexibility and blood pressure of coronary artery patients.

Psychological factors can play an important role in coronary artery disease and its treatment. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and interpersonal therapy on the difficulty in regulating emotions in women with coronary artery disease.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test, post-test and followup design with a control group with the participation of 41 women with coronary artery disease referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of Afshar Hospital in Yazd. The participants were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two intervention groups and one control group. The first intervention group focused on compassion, and the second group received interpersonal therapy in eight weekly 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. We collected data by using the Gratz & Roemer emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) age of participants in the compassion-focused therapy group was 48.8 (6.5), the interpersonal psychotherapy group 53.7 (7.4), and the control group 55.7 (6.1) years. In the compassionfocused therapy group, the mean (SD) difficulty in regulating emotions ranged from 108.1 (22.7) in the pretest to 84.6 (13.7) in the post-test and 83.5 (10.2) decreased in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). In the interpersonal psychotherapy group, the mean (SD) difficulty in emotion regulation decreased from 117(31.8) in the pre-test to 82.5(15.7) in the post-test and 81.5 (6.4) in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in the difficulty scores of emotion regulation in the pre-test and post-test in the control group.

The study showed both treatment methods improved patients' difficulty in emotion regulation. But, they did not differ in terms of the effect.

Incivility is a kind of disrespect to people. Students and faculty members agree on the growing trend of incivility. Uncivil behaviors in online nursing classes are a serious global issue that can influence the learning-teaching process and threaten patient safety in the clinical setting. This study aimed to identify incivility in the online learning environment from the perspective of nursing faculty members and students. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2021. A total of 20 participants were selected from among nursing students and faculty through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed via a qualitative content analysis approach. Data analysis revealed five categories including ghost students, unconditional freedom, disruptive learning behaviors, academic dishonesty, and ignoring the rules of the online learning environment. Incivility in the online learning environment disrupts the teaching-learning process and undermines instructor-student relationships. Given that disrespectful and threatening behaviors, even to a small degree, can significantly affect the learning environment, it is essential to recognize such behaviors. As uncivil behaviors in virtual nursing education can affect education by developing inappropriate behavioral and communication patterns in students, leading to the violation of professional ethics and patients’ rights, it is necessary to pay attention to this critical issue by conducting further studies and designing interventions to correct it.

We are witnessing a marked increase in demand for outpatient services. Patients experience health-related anxiety, which exerts destructive effects on the treatment. The control and management of this anxiety create confidence in health services. The present study aimed to determine the effect of nursing counseling on health anxiety and its relationship with trust in nursing services in the outpatient department.

In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2021, 60 participants were randomly selected from the outpatient department of a clinic and assigned to two groups: intervention and control. Data collection tools were a demographic information questionnaire, Alkovskis and Warwick Health Anxiety, and Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) (Radwin and Cabral, 2010). The participants answered demographic and health anxiety questionnaires. After the visit, the intervention group received nursing counseling, while the control group only received routine training. One week later, the participants answered the health anxiety questionnaire and trust in nurses scale again. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The mean of health anxiety before the consulting was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.20); nonetheless, after the consulting, the intervention group obtained a lower mean score compared to the control group (P>0.001). There was a significant difference between this mean before and after consulting in the intervention group (P>0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between receiving nursing counseling and confidence in nursing services (P>0.001) (C.V=-0.145).

As evidenced by the results of this study, the provision of nursing consultation reduces patients' health anxiety and increases confidence in nursing services. It is suggested to pay attention to this role of nurses in outpatient departments.

This study aimed to determine whether syzygium aromaticum (clove) could help polycystic ovarysyndrome (PCOS) rats. In this experimental study, forty adult female Wistar rats (weighing 250 ± 10 g) were dividedrandomly into five groups; G1: control, G2: PCOS group, G3: PCOS+clove (30 mg/kg/ orally/daily) group, G4:PCOS+clove (60 mg/kg/orally/daily) group, and G5: PCOS+gonadectomy group. The PCOS was induced by a singledose injection of estradiol valerate (16 mg/kg/IM). Following PCOS induction, the rats were treated for 14 days. Histologicalparameters, follicle apoptosis, mRNA expression of autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin1), oxidative stress markers,insulin and blood glucose levels, as well as serum levels of aromatase and testosterone were evaluated in these rats.Finally, the ratio of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels was also calculated. The autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin1), histological parameters, oxidative stress, insulin, and hormone levelschanged significantly in the PCOS rats (G2). In G3 and G5 groups, it was observed that the levels of LH/FSH and testosteronedecreased significantly in comparison to the PCOS group, and inhibition of autophagy was also observed inthese groups. Treatment with cloves in the G3 group significantly improved oxidative stress, histological parameters,and insulin levels. These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, apoptosis, and excessive autophagy could be improvedby treatment with low doses of clove and gonadectomy. Cloves may help to improve these parameters by regulating andinhibiting excessive autophagy. However, discovering the direct role of this extract in regulating the parameters suchas oxidative stress, insulin, and androgens requires further investigation. In the present study, P<0.05 was consideredstatistically significant.

Living with a temporary or permanent ostomy affects the quality of a patient's life and requires patients' education to care for themselves. Education is one of the ways to increase individuals' quality of life. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of virtual education on different dimensions of quality of life in the patients with intestinal ostomy referred to the hospitals of Kermanshah province, Iran in 2020-2021.

This quasi-experimental study with before and after design was conducted on 61 patients with intestinal ostomies selected by simple sampling from May to July 2021. Participants first responded to Weir and Sherborn's quality of life, then were trained in a self-care plan to practice self-care at home. Two months after the intervention, questionnaires were distributed and completed again among the patients. The paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and SPSS statistical software v.20 were used for data analysis.

The mean score of patients' quality of life before the intervention was 34.05 ± 16.53, reaching 49.63 ± 21.59 after the intervention. Based on paired t-test, this difference was significant (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of all aspects of the patient's quality of life except general health before and after the intervention (P<0.005).

Distance education and counseling can improve the quality of life in ostomy patients. Therefore, considering the high prevalence of colorectal cancer and the unfortunate consequences of its poor control, such as physical and mental-psychological complications, loss of quality of life, and increased number of hospitalizations, being in the hospital and imposing high costs on the patient, family, and society, and considering the prevalence of infectious diseases such as covid-19 in the society, it is possible to use virtual self-care training through smartphones to solve this problem.

Caring for a stroke patient imposes a high level of care on family caregivers and affects their lives that require specific attention. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the follow-up care model on the care pressure of family caregivers of stroke patients.

This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population was family caregivers of stroke patients. 60 family caregivers were selected based on inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of intervention and control using a random number table. In the intervention group, the follow-up was implemented for one month based on care model. The control group received routine training during discharge. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and Zarit care pressure. The samples answered the questionnaires one day before discharge and one week after the intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, rate, percentage) and inferential tests (independent and paired t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney) by spss-18 software.

The mean score of caring stress before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P <0.67). After the intervention, the mean score of care pressure in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control (P˂0.001). The mean score of care pressure before and after the intervention in the intervention group was significantly different (P˂0.01).

Follow-up care reduces the care pressure on family caregivers of stroke patients. It is recommended to be used to reduce the stress of care and the problems caused by it in the care of stroke patients.

Following the prevalence of covid-19, even after passing through its crisis, the level of stress in nurses who are directly dealing with infected patients increased, which affected their quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between occupational stress and the quality of life of nurses in the corona and general departments during the corona pandemic.

This is a descriptive correlational study that was conducted in 1401. The research sample consisted of 150 nurses (60 nurses from the covid19 department and 90 nurses from general departments) who entered the study from two hospitals. Sampling of nurses in corona wards was available and in general wards as a multi-stage cluster. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, quality of life SF36 and occupational stress OSIPOW. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistical tests (independent t, analysis of variance, chi-square and Pearson correlation) were used to analyze the data.

The average scores of occupational stress and quality of life of nurses in corona wards were 66.64 ± 11.73 and 43.05 ± 12.86, respectively, and for nurses in general wards, they were 56.41 ± 13.93 and 46.41 ± 10.70, respectively which had a statistically significant difference (P˂0.001). There was an inverse and significant correlation between job stress and quality of life in two groups (P˂0.001).

Considering the decline in the quality of life of nurses working in corona wards due to the increase in occupational stress, it is necessary for health managers to think of measures to manage the stress of these nurses so that its impact on their quality of life can be controlled to some extent.

Nowadays, improving the quality of nursing care by providing a clinical solution in the care of clients with urinary catheterization is significant. In this regard, the present study aimed to design an adaptation the guideline of nursing care after catheterization.

The present study was performed using the clinical guideline adaptation model method in 2021-2022. Based on a literature review, 7 clinical guidelines evaluated with the AGREE instrument were used as baseline guidelines. The nursing practices extracted from these guidelines were evaluated according to the RAND / UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) by members of the panel of experts (15 persons) and finally, after making the necessary corrections, the final draft was prepared by AGREE instrument by faculty members. Re-examined.

Findings of the study include 225 recommendations in the field of nursing care after catheterization in the form of 17 sections, as follows: (urinary catheter, urinary bag, catheter removal, when the client is unable to tolerate the catheter, obstruction of the catheter, leakage of urine around the catheter, bladder washing, urine sampling, decreased urine flow, urinary tract infection, skin integrity disorder, bleeding, erectile dysfunction, autonomic dysreflexia, bladder or urethral spasm with general pain and discomfort, purple bladder syndrome, and dysuria after catheterization).

It is hoped that nurses can use the recommendations of this guide to improve their level of awareness and knowledge in the field of care for patients with urinary catheterization and make an informed decision.

In Iran, many efforts have been made to improve the Quality of Life (QOL) of the elderly; however, despite the efforts made, there is no practice guideline based on the consensus of experts that can be used to prevent the functional decline of hospitalized elderly. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of adaptation of a practice guideline to prevent the functional decline of hospitalized elderly.

This study is a developmental study based on the adaptation steps of the practice guideline. First, a search was conducted in 8 databases. The only practice guideline that met the inclusion criteria was then evaluated by the research team using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. After content analysis of this guideline, the recommendations were categorized in the Canadian Senior Friendly Care (sfCare) Framework and according to the community conditions. Relevant evidence was used to supplement the content. The draft practice guideline was evaluated and modified in two expert panels through the RAND technique.

The categorized recommendations were developed in the eight chapters of introduction to the prevention of functional decline of the elderly, general practice guideline, organizational support, care processes, physical ecology, emotional and behavioral environment, ethics in care, and evaluation of function.

To prevent functional decline in hospitalized elderly individuals according to the adaptive practice guideline, the hospital and health team need to be aware of support, care processes, and effective function appraisal to be able to provide care with coherent and coordinated solutions.

 Nurses in critical wards are key members of treatment in hospitals psychological interventions, in addition to increasing the well-being of nurses, can improve the nurse-patient relationship and, as a result, improve the performance of hospitals from an organizational point of view. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of treatment based on mentalization and treatment based on emotion regulation based on the Gross process model on the variables of resilience and self-compassion in nurses of intensive care units.

  The research design was semi-experimental with two test groups and one control group. The statistical population included 45 nurses in special care units in Tehran, who were randomly assigned online in three groups of 15 people. The intervention groups each received eight 90-minute sessions of mentalization-based therapy and emotion regulation-based therapy, and the control group did not receive training. Data collection tools were Neff's self-compassion questionnaires and Connor and Davidson's resilience scale. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance was used using SPSS version 22 software.

  The results showed that the highest scores of resilience and self-compassion were in the intervention group based on mentalization, and the lowest scores were in the control group. However, the difference between the three groups at the end of the study was not statistically significant (P=0.053).

 Based on the findings of this study, it seems that training sessions may improve self-compassion and resilience in nurses working in intensive care units.

Elderly appears to be a sensitive period of human life, which causes people to experience psychological distress and lower quality of life, through creating many challenges. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct-current stimulation on psychological distress and quality of Life in the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The population includes all the elderly who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019, among whom 30 were selected using convenience sampling and according to the including and excluding criteria, and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups equally. In order to measure the variables, Mason et al.’s psychological distress questionnaire as well as Ware and Sherbourne’s quality of life questionnaire were used. The participants of the experimental group underwent transcranial direct-current stimulation for ten 120-minute sessions. The data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA). The findings showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control groups in terms of psychological distress and the components of quality of life including social functioning, physical role playing, emotional role playing, mental health and vitality in post-test. However, no significant difference was observed in the components of physical performance, physical pain and general health. In general, according to the results of this research, transcranial direct-current stimulation can be applied as a method to reduce psychological distress and to improve the elderly’s quality of life, along with other treatment methods.

There is some degree of hypoxia in many cyanotic heart diseases that cannot be diagnosed with the naked eye. The measurement of arterial blood oxygen saturation at birth is a convenient and valuable procedure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the arterial blood oxygen saturation of healthy newborns and its relationship with the family history of congenital heart disease and maternal demographic variables.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 120 healthy neonates were selected via the convenience sampling method. Upon discharge, right-hand pulse oximetry was performed on the subjects. In the case of 90%-95% arterial blood oxygen saturation, one hour later, control was performed again. With a similar result, a referral to a cardiologist was made. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and inferential (linear and multivariate regression) tests.

The mean arterial oxygen saturation of neonates was 98.13±1.95%. The number of deliveries and the history of heart disease in first-degree relatives had a significant relationship with the saturation results (P<0.05). For each increase in delivery, the mean saturation increased by 0.591 units, while it decreased by 1.948 units with a positive history of the disease. Gestational age, gender, maternal age, and type of delivery had no significant effect on saturation (P<0.05).

Apart from physical examination, pulse oximetry is helpful for the early detection of congenital heart diseases that are asymptomatic at birth. Due to the importance of diagnosing these diseases, it is recommended to be routinely examined at birth.

The ovarian Ischemia/reperfusion is one of the gynecological emergency concerns that may lead to the ovary damage and folliculogenesis. The present research aimed to evaluate the impact of the Chrysin (CH) on the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat model.

In this experimental research, 48 adult female rats, 8 weeks age and 180-200 g weight, have been categorized into 6 equal groups (n=8) including one sham and 5 ovarian torsion groups (OT+CH groups) that received different treatments. Each group has been treated 30 min before detorsion with gavage of CH or normal saline for 1 week and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) has been injected on the day 5 for initiating folliculogenesis. Finally, bio-chemical, molecular, histopathological, apoptotic and hormonal evaluations were performed.

The anti-oxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, ameliorated in the ovarian tissues of the OT+CH groups in comparison with the OT group (P<0.001). Moreover, the level of serum Luteinizing hormone considerably declined and estradiol level (P<0.001), partly enhanced in the rats treated with CH in comparison with the ones in the OT group (P<0.05). In addition, histopathological scores of the OT+CH groups ameliorated in comparison with the OT group scores (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression Caspase-3 and Bax genes were significantly increased while the expression of Bcl-2 was notably decreased in the OT group in comparison with the sham group (P<0.05).

Here, it seems that CH is possibly beneficial for the protection of ovaries against reperfusion injury and ischemia.

This study aimed to determine the relationship of patient safety culture with social intelligence and psychosocial factors in the workplace among nurses working in the pediatric wards of West Guilan hospitals, Iran, in 2020.

In this descriptive-correlational cross-sectional study, 130 nurses working in the pediatric wards of West Gilan hospitals in 2020 were selected using the availability sampling method. The required data were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, Social Intelligence Questionnaire (Silura et al., 2001), and the Psychosocial Factors Questionnaire (Christensen et al., 2005). Finally, the collected data in SPSS-23 statistical software were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels.

The results showed that patient safety culture, social intelligence, and psychosocial factors were at lower than average, higher than average, and average levels, respectively, in nurses working in the pediatric wards of West Gilan hospitals in 2020. There were significant relationships between patient safety culture and social intelligence (r=0.756) and between patient safety culture and psychosocial factors in the workplace among the studied nurses (r=0.878).

Based on the findings, patient safety culture had a positive relationship with social intelligence and psychosocial factors in the workplace among nurses working in the pediatric wards of West Gilan hospitals in 2020.

The goal of diabetes management is to prevent the complications of the disease by promoting health behaviors that require lifestyle changes. This study was conducted to determine the effect of education based on the Health Belief Model on the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2021. The samples were 60 patients with type 2 diabetes who were selected by available sampling and divided into intervention and control groups with randomization software. Data collection tools were demographic and Walker lifestyle questionnaires. The samples answered the questionnaires before the intervention. The intervention group trained in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours based on the health belief model. The control group received routine training. One month later, the Walker questionnaire was completed again. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods (paired, independent t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney) in SPSS-20 software.

The mean score of health-promoting lifestyle before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.05) but after the intervention was significantly higher than the control group (p=0). The mean score before and after training was significantly different in the intervention group (p=0), but was not significant in the control group (p=0.563).

Education based on the Health Belief Model can improve the lifestyle of patients with type 2 diabetes, which needs to be considered in educating patients based on cultural issues governing society.

A large number of studies point to the widespread low level of subjective well-being in patients with coronary artery disease, especially in women. Although the Compassion-Focused Therapy has been an effective treatment in enhancing the ability to become sensitive to suffering along with trying to heal, the Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy also focuses on changing and modifying interpersonal relationships through positive therapeutic alliance; so, can the short-term IPT improve these patients' subjective well-being as well?

The present study tries to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy on Women's Subjective well-being suffering from coronary artery disease.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female patients referring to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of Afshar Hospital in Yazd. A total of 41 patients were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The instrument of this study was Keys and Magyarmo's (2003) Subjective Well-Being Scale For the first experiment group, the compassion-focused therapy (Gilbert, 2014, 2010), and for the second experiment group, the and interpersonal psychotherapy (Weissman, 2007) were delivered in groups and in eighat 90-minute sessions, but the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using the mixed variance analysis.

The results showed that the CFT and IPT increased the subjective well-being and its components at the end of the intervention and the follow-up period (P <0/05). There was no difference between these two treatments in terms of increasing the subjective well-being in the women with coronary artery disease (p <0/05).

Considering its effects on subjective well-being, the IPT, alone or with a complementary treatment, can be effective in improving the subjective well-being in women with coronary artery disease.

The current study was conducted on adult male models to assess the impact of the Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract on male fertility factors and oxidative stress after torsion/detorsion using the intrauterine insemination (IUI) method.

This experimental study was performed on 56 adult male Wistar rats including 28 males and 28 females. The male subjects were randomly assigned to four groups of sham (G1), 4 hours of testicular torsion following a surgical torsion/detorsion (TD/G2), TD treated with the clove extract (4 mg/kg, orally/G3) 30 minutes before detorsion, and healthy subjects treated with the clove extract (4 mg/kg/G4). The levels of blood testosterone and some oxidative stress indices were investigated in the testis tissue. In addition, some sperm parameters were evaluated, including the concentration, motility, and morphology of the sperm. Finally, the fertilization potential of adult female rats was assessed through the IUI method.

The histological evaluation revealed considerable adverse changes in the G2 in comparison with the sham group. The serum levels of testosterone, and glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase meaningfully reduced in the testis of rats in the G2. In addition, the malondialdehyde level was significantly higher during the ischemia although all the mentioned changes improved in the treated groups. Nonetheless, the sperm quality and fertility power considerably reduced in the G2 compared to the sham group.

The results of the current experimental study demonstrated that the testicular torsion/detorsion has an adverse impact on the testis function and decreases the fertilization potential, and finally, treatment with the clove extract can improve these adverse changes.

Living with a temporary or permanent ostomy affects the quality of life (QoL) of people with an ostomy and requires increasing patients' self-efficacy to take care of themselves. Education is one way to improve individuals' QoL and self-care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of distance self-care education on self-efficacy and QoL of patients with an intestinal ostomy in patients referred to Kermanshah hospitals in 2020-2021.

In a quasi-experimental study before and after the process, 61 patients with intestinal ostomy referred to Imam Reza (AS), and Taleghani hospitals in Kermanshah province were selected from April to July 2021, using a simple sampling method. The samples first answered the self-efficacy questionnaires of ostomy patients and the quality of life of Weir and Sherborn. Then, the self-care program developed in the form of 8 45-minute group sessions was taught to patients by the researcher through discussion and conversation through a virtual network (WhatsApp), according to which they can use self-care at home, and two months after the end of the intervention. The mentioned questionnaires were distributed and completed among the patients again. Data were reported using SPSS software v. 20, and paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.

The Mean±SD of patients' QoL before the intervention was 34.05±16.53, reaching 49.63±21.59 after the intervention. Based on paired t-test, this difference was significant (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of all aspects of patients' QoL except general health before and after the intervention (P<0.043). The Mean±SD of patients' self-efficacy before the intervention was 50.40±4.57 (51.18±5.03 after the intervention) and based on the paired t-test, this difference was significant (P=0.036).

 The findings of the present study, while confirming and supporting the research hypothesis, showed that distance self-care education in patients with an intestinal ostomy effectively affects their self-efficacy and QoL. Using this treatment plan as one of the simple, cheap, feasible, and effective non-pharmacological interventions can help promote self-efficacy and, consequently, the QoL of the patients with an intestinal ostomy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Origanum vulgare administration on testicular injury induced by torsion/detorsion  .

In this experimental study, 64 adult rats were divided into 8 equal groups, as following:1-Sham: the abdominal cavity was opened and then closed. 2.Torsion/detorsion: the rats underwent spermatic cord twisting for 4 hours and then untwisting (30 minutes before untwisting normal saline was injected). 3.Torsion/detorsion+ Origanum vulgare: Similar to group 2, the only difference was injections of Origanum vulgare with different doses (400 mg/kg, 250, 100) which were given to 3 separate groups. 4. Origanum vulgare recipient: without any surgery, injections of Origanum vulgare were given to 3 separate groups with different doses (400 mg/kg, 250, 100). Twenty-four hours after surgery, blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress factors. Testicular tissue was removed for assessment of histological changes, and the epididymis tissue was used to measure sperm parameters. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

We found significant decreases in Johnson's score, epithelium height, and seminiferous tubule diameter (data obtained from histological examination), number and morphology of sperm parameters and oxidative stress factors (Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and, Catalase) in the torsion/detorsion group compared to those in the sham group (P= 0.0001), while they improved in the torsion/detorsion groups receiving Origanum vulgare group compared to those in the torsion/detorsion group, but in most cases, the results were not significant.

It seems that Origanum vulgare can partially reduce the damage caused by testicular torsion/detorsion.