maryam rahmani

The fetal venous system begins developing around the sixth week of gestation, with three paired veins: the umbilical, vitelline, and cardinal veins. These veins are essential for transporting blood from the placenta to the heart. As the liver matures, connections between the liver and these veins form a complex venous system. Disruptions in this process can lead to various fetal venous anomalies, arising from abnormalities in the formation or regression of these veins. Common anomalies include ductus venosus agenesis, persistent right umbilical vein, umbilical vein varix, agenesis of the portal system, and IVC interruptions. Ductus venosus agenesis can cause compensatory blood flow changes, while a persistent right umbilical vein occurs when the left vein regresses. Umbilical vein varix is a dilation of the umbilical vein, and agenesis of the portal system disrupts normal liver blood flow. IVC interruptions affect systemic venous return to the heart. Diagnosing these anomalies requires detailed ultrasound evaluation, including Doppler studies, and prenatal monitoring to assess potential complications and guide appropriate clinical management. In evaluating complex communication pathways, the first step is to examine how that structure is organized. The categorized segmentation of the venous system leads to a wider horizon of vision and higher perception. In this pictorial essay article, the fetal venous system and its anomalies are classified according to their primary origin. Special attention to depicting normal anatomy and anomalies using color schematic images and real two-dimensional and color ultrasound images together play an important role in promoting spatial perception and simplifying the categorized approach to fetal venous system anomalies.

Geography is one of the most important determinants of stability or instability in countries. geography is the basis of many social and political developments within countries, even the relations between them and their neighbors. One of the clear examples of this is Afghanistan. This country is known as a crisis-prone country in terms of human geography. War and insecurity, political instability, poverty, extensive internal disputes have plagued the people and this geography for years. The purpose of the current research is to explain the foundations of human geography in the crises of this country. This research is of a descriptive type, whose theoretical framework is obtained from the combination of Hoggett's theory and Cohen's theory, and based on it, the bases and contexts of the crisis in Afghanistan have been explained from a human geographical perspective. According to the findings of the research, all the crises in Afghanistan are affected by human geography and caused by human heterogeneity, the interventions of the powers, as a result of which this country has been in a fragile and unstable situation for years and has remained a crisis maker. Border disputes with neighbors, being landlocked, being a barrier, being located in a fragile region, multiple neighbors, disputes over common border rivers and changing their course are some of the most stable issues of Afghanistan's geography. Ethnicism, linguistic and religious prejudices, extreme fundamentalism, illiteracy, drug cultivation and trafficking, migration, poverty and deprivation, and nomads are among the controversial issues in strengthening humanitarian crises...

Love" is one of the most central stages of conduct and the most sublime stage of human evolution in the journey to God. This stage of conduct means connecting to the essential nature, one of the common aspects of Islamic mysticism and Christian mysticism. In this article, which is written with a descriptive-comparative method, the common features of divine love in the two mystical schools of Christianity and Islam are examined and compared by relying on Augustine and Ahmed Ghazali. The results of the research show that Ahmed Ghazali and Augustine have similarities in some areas despite some theoretical differences. In addition to the fact that this issue is an indication of the innate nature of human perfectionism, it is the common aspect of all religions and religions and connects them. Things like: existence is beautiful at any time; Love is the child of beauty; There is beauty and love in all beings; Every being is a mirror of God's beauty; Man is God's chosen being, and the :union: of the lover and the beloved is the inseparable pillar of love, one of the most obvious commonalities of Christian mysticism and Islamic mysticism.

Tura was one of the manifestations of the folk culture of the North Khorasan peoples, which has been forgotten today. This cultural effect was originally one of the satirical and critical theatrical rituals of the people of that region. The current research is qualitative and with the aim of describing Tura and understanding the causes of its decline, it is based on the paradigm of interpretivism, which has used description to understand Tura and the method of casual layer analysis (CLA) to discover the causes of its decline in recent years. The results of the research on the understanding of Tura based on the fourfold understanding of producer, audience, text and context show that Tura is a kind of comedy of manners and etiquette that was produced in the texture of the lower socio-economic class of society and had an audience in the same class. Due to having characteristics such as criticizing the rulers, making people happy and entertaining, improvising, transferring literary heritage, playing music and singing, they are closer to Gosans than gypsies and tricksters. The Tura text is a fluid text, dependent on place and time, which has witnessed changes in all four areas over the years. Also, the results of the research in understanding the reasons for the decline of Tura, the luxury of the ceremony and diversity in the ways of holding ceremonies (litany level), changing the contexts of Tura performance and changing the habitual nature and the changing taste of leisure (level of systematic causes), the tendency to create a class distinction between the audience and the performers of Tura and the influence of popular culture (level of worldview), globalization emphasizing the decline of traditional metanarratives or everything that is modern is far from tradition (The level of metaphors and myths) remembers.

In lexicology, a word is an element that is used in the construction of a group and refers to an imaginary, real, material or abstract phenomenon in the outside world. In Iran, the task of creating words, consolidating words, finding words and making equivalents is the responsibility of Academy of Persian Language and Literature. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the word formation processes of loanwords approved by the Persian Language and Literature Academy, which has been done based on Kiparski layered theory, which is used in the field of word formation. Due to the research aim, the descriptive-analytical method, the data collection tool in the form of a library and the inductive-deductive logical approach have been used. Also, the area of non-specialized loanwords in New Persian language has increased in recent years. According to the mentioned Aim and method, in order to investigate Kiparski lexical concept in the equivalences approved by the Academy, 5000 equivalences have been checked, among which 600 words have been selected based on composition and derivation, among them, 397 words, or 66% of the whole body was able to be analyzed based on Kiparski layered theory. The number of 203 words, equal to 34% of the entire words, was evaluated as unanalyzable.

Urban space is an essential element of a healthy urban life and an arena for shaping human beings since this public life requires tolerance between human beings. Today, the pocket park approach has been introduced as a platform for creating potential capacities for public space development. The fragmentation of the urban fabric, the destruction of public spaces, and the outbreak of the Coronavirus as a rogue crisis have increased the depth and breadth of production of such a space. Until yesterday, neighborhoods, public baths, mosques, etc., were the basis for friendly and neighborly relations between individuals and families. Today, the development of parks, especially local orchards, can pave the way for the beginning, consolidation, and continuation of friendly and neighborhood relations between local people due to the reduction and elimination of the people’s social role. This is because local parks are places where different groups and social strata get to familiarize themselves and interact with each other. Therefore, the need to use pocket parks as important social stimulus projects of the city, promoting authority and social development, establishing capacity, and developing social capital is considered essential. Khorramdareh city’s capacities and potential in creating local green space in general and pocket parks, in particular, can increase the city’s social presence by benefiting from citizens’ participation; because such parks are considered a lost space in the hierarchy of Khorramdareh urban parks. They can play an effective role in creating relaxation, interactions, and leisure spaces for citizens. The reproduction of pocket parks as a driving force for social presence in Khorramdareh was one of the main objectives of this study. The creation of pocket parks as a driving force for social presence in Khorramdareh was one of the main objectives of this study, and creating a city with a social, democratic, and citizen-oriented quality is one of the consequential goals of this research. This research is aimed at revitalizing the neighborhoods of Khorramdareh in the form of pocket parks and to provide solutions to use its capacity to develop relationships and interactions in the form of neighborhood units. According to the topic, the mental gap of the research investigates the conditions in which pocket parks revitalize the socialization of Khorramdareh neighborhoods. With this approach, the purpose of the present article is to introduce the pocket park development approach as the most effective method in promoting the production of social presence in the neighborhoods of the Iranian city.

The present study is applied in terms of research type, and the research nature is based on a combination of qualitative strategies and correlation method. The current research is hybrid in terms of type, application, and nature. The present study is also considered cross-sectional in terms of time span (September 2017). In order to collect the data required for the research, documentary sources were studied, and some field observations were conducted. Consequently, a factor analysis test, one-sample T-test, and path analysis test in the form of DPSIR model have been run to analyze the data.

The presence of plants, trees, and generally natural elements in public spaces encourages people to be present in these spaces. Research has shown that there is a direct relationship between the use of public spaces and the duration of people’s presence in these spaces with the number and location of trees. Therefore, the existence of green space, by increasing the use of public spaces and the presence of people, will increase the solidarity and social motivation for the neighborhoods in Khorramdareh city. According to the results, the more such high-quality areas are created in neighborhoods, the more opportunities are provided for group social interactions such as meeting, chatting, playing games, sports, etc. As a result of the above activities, these aforementioned spaces acquire the characteristics of vitality and civil life while offering the characteristics of a place. 

The results of the studies showed that the promotion index of social and neighborhood relations has the highest coefficient, with an impact rate of 4.83. In addition, the classification of indicators affecting the creation of social presence in the form of DPSIR model showed that the “pressure” index with a total effect factor of 0.713 has the greatest impact and causal relationship for creating social coexistence by creating parks in the city of Khorramdareh. Given that the pressure component consists of indicators (quality of social trust between residents; quality of feeling social security; quality of responding to the personality of individuals; a variety of activities tailored to the different needs of different groups of people during the day), these components should be emphasized in the creation of social presence in the city of Khorramdareh. Furthermore, examining what people want from pocket parks and leisure areas and the qualities they like should be on the agenda of employers, investors, and executive working groups. Therefore, the need to review and explore pocket parks, which can be a place for social interaction and increase the presence of people, is significant.

One of the most important issues in respect to a country is its security and defense against different threats. In the past, the security of a country was measured only by its military power and weapons and military supplies but today military equipment does not contain security alone but using other equipment such as soft power can establish security and defend against threats. This new dimension of power which its literature has been theorized by Western scholars like Joseph Nye, however, the foundation of the Imam Khomeini movement did not attain victory except by utilization of these social and cultural components which today emerge in the form of the soft war. Today, it is inevitable for Islamic Republic of Iran considering its significant strategic and geo-politic position to strengthen the soft power dimensions while strengthening the different dimensions of hard power (military and economic power). One of the most important components governing soft power is the social capital which Imam Khamenei with true explanation accurate use and comprehensive knowledge of the moods and culture of public opinions especially youths has implied to as a bridge for the development and victory of the Islamic Revolution. The importance of this category, to a certain degree, is that the success of communities, persons, and somehow the society’s achievements depend on. With this approach, the present paper with a descriptive-analytic method with understanding the declaration of the second phase of the Revolution interpreted the concept of social capital in the defensive school of Imam Khamenei. The determination of the Revolution’s nature and its social capital in the next 40 years in the declaration of the second phase of the Revolution is an attempt to stabilize and strengthen the defensive components of stable security that finally results in the creation of the new Islamic civilization with applying an Islamic-Iranian model of progress.

Cognitive disorders are one of the most common disorders in elderly people with chronic renal failure. This study aimed to investigate the correlation and agreement of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), and Mini‑Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests in assessing the cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in north of Iran.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 84 elderly people undergoing hemodialysis. Inclusion criteria was having an age of 60 years old and older, hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months, and having reading and writing skills. The Pearson correlation test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test, and Bland–Altman plot were used for data analysis.

The majority of samples were in the age group of 60–65 years (28.57%) and the majority of them were male (66.66%). The results showed a significant positive correlation between MoCA and MMSE (r </em>= 0.69, p </em>= 0.001), between MMSE and AMTS (r </em>= 0.64, p </em>= 0.001), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (r </em>= 0.62, p </em>= 0.001). The results also showed a weak agreement between MoCA and MMSE tests (ICC = −0.11, p </em>= 0.633), between MMSE and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.007, p </em>= 0.369), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.001, p </em>= 0.780).

Based on the results, these tools seem to complement each other. The inconsistency between cognitive tests indicates a serious need to develop appropriate instruments for detecting cognitive disorders in elderly.

Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Subtyping data about Cryptosporidium spp. in Isfahan, Iran is limited; therefore, we aimed to study the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in cancer patients, associated risk factors, and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp.

Fecal samples were collected from 187 cancer patients from the Oncology Department of Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2014–2020 and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopical techniques. Nested PCR amplifying 18S rRNA gene was used to detect Cryptosporidium spp. in samples, followed by subtyping using nested PCR amplifying gp60 sequences.

Overall, the rate of infection with Cryptosporidium spp. was 4.3% (n=8). Five samples out of eight samples were identified as Cryptosporidium spp. using a nested PCR for the 18S rRNA gene, two subtypes of C. parvum named IIaA18G3R1 (n = 2) and IIaA17G2R1 (n = 2), and one subtype of C. hominis named IbA6G3 were identified by sequencing of the gp60. The IbA6G3 subtype has rarely been detected in other investigations.

This is the first survey on the subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in this region. The results of the present survey show both zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission routes in the region.

The Corona pandemic by creating specific health beliefs created a tough challenge for foundations of social support as an important element of Iranian society. This study explains the theories and functions of social support and expresses the challenges of providing and receiving social support using logical arguments. Findings show that identifying barriers to receiving and providing social support, scientific monitoring of support needs of Iranian families and paying attention to differentiating support needs for different types of Iranian families are the most important necessities. Noting diverse geographical and cultural differences, new supportive policies and new methods of social support in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is needed. Preparing a database for monitoring socio-economic-psychological conditions of Iranian families and specialized support of non-governmental and governmental organizations at micro-level (education and individual awareness), intermediate level (membership of Iranian families in support groups and newly established support institutions such as the support bank), and macro-level (facilitating organizations, institutions and associations) is suggested.

Sanctions are one of the foreign policy tools of states to change the behavior of other states and pursue their national interests. The United States is one of the countries that has used the most sanctions against other states. The purpose of the present study is to measure the impact of sanctions on Iranians after the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA. The main question of the research is, what effect did sanctions have on the public health of Iranian citizens during the period of 2018 to 2022? The hypothesis of the research indicates that sanctions severely affect public health and its components. Quantitative methods and questionnaire tools were used to evaluate the article's hypothesis. The statistical sample of the research was made up of 400 citizens living in Yasouj city (stratified-random method) and two samples mean test, regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and... were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the US sanctions and the public health of the Yasouj citizens. Also, the results showed that there are no significant differences in variables such as age, gender, and marital status between men and women.

Purpose context: 

Environmental sustainability is one of the most fundamental issues of today's city and is the result of their conflict and confrontation with the natural environment, and with the expansion of the city and urbanization, environmental manifestations and values ​​are exposed to more fragility. Hence, this paper tries to evaluate the prevailing situation of environmental sustainability of the city by using environmental drivers.

This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The time domain of this research was (August 2016) and its spatial area was in accordance with the area of ​​the central fabric of Zanjan city according to the last plan approved in 2018 (492 hectares). It is estimated.

Based on the results obtained through the TOPSIS-ANP ​​combined technique, after converting the final points in the interval (100, 0) and considering the quantitative value of the Economist measurement unit, among the localities located in the worn out context, 51% have an average environmental status. It is low that should be considered in the planning for the stability of the texture.

the accumulation of factors attracting capital and activity in the worn-out fabric of the central part of Zanjan city on one hand and the lack of complete land occupation on the other hand; It has caused the density and concentration of all kinds of activities in this area. This phenomenon has led to the saturation of uses, excessive fragmentation of land, the complexity of the land ownership and lease system, inappropriate and intense exploitation of space, which itself has been the foundation of all kinds of pollution and other conflicts.

Breast microcalcifications are a category of lesions that can lead to malignancies. They remain a major concern in imaging of suspected cases. Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) has been proposed as a safe and effective measure to evaluate microcalcifications.

The present study aimed to assess the results of VAB for breast microcalcifications.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with microcalcifications detected on mammograms. Patients were recruited through simple random sampling during 2019 - 2020, based on the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were microcalcifications on mammography, classified as the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) categories 3, 4B, 4C, and 5, and undergoing mammography-guided VAB for the microcalcifications. Patients with missing data and those who could not be followed-up for at least six months were excluded from the study. They were assessed regarding different imaging characteristics of lesions, including the breast density, BI-RADS classification, microcalcification distribution and morphology, and other demographic and clinical features before biopsy. Additionally, the results of stereotactic-guided VAB were assessed for various benign and malignant pathologies of microcalcifications. The results of descriptive and analytical tests for various radiological and pathological features of lesions were reported.

A total of 257 patients, with a mean age of 50.3 ± 8.3 yars, were included in this study. Almost half of the patients (n = 125, 48.6%) had a C-grade breast composition. Regarding the BI-RADS classification, 206 (80.2%) patients were diagnosed with 4B lesions, followed by 44 (17.1%) patients with 4C lesions. The assessment of the pattern of microcalcification distribution in imaging showed that more than half of the patients (n = 148, 57.6%) had lesions in multiple groups. The most prevalent morphology of microcalcifications was punctate amorphous (n = 109, 42.4%). The majority of patients (n = 180, 70%) had benign findings in the pathological assessment, and only 69 (26.8%) had malignant features in pathology. The distribution of malignancies differed among various BI-RADS categories. In the 4B category of lesions, there were 166 benign lesions versus 32 malignant lesions, while in the 4C category, there were 10 benign lesions versus 34 malignant lesions (P < 0.001).

This study described the findings of successful stereotactic-guided VAB for breast microcalcifications. VAB can be implemented as a promising assessment tool to evaluate suspected breast microcalcifications effectively.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown etiology. Clinico-radiologic findings can mimic breast cancer. Further pathologic evaluation to rule out malignancy is mandatory. Recognizing the severity of the disease is crucial to choosing the most effective therapeutic modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radio-pathologic features of IGM, and the treatment outcome in a large series of IGM patients in Iran.

The retrospective charts of 243 patients suspicious of IGM, between December 2007 and September 2017 were reviewed. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of IGM were classified into four grades of severity. Demographic information, clinical and radio-pathologic findings, severity and treatment outcomes were collected.

Overall, 224 patients were confirmed to have IGM. Breast mass and erythema were the most common clinical findings. Mammographic findings mimicked malignancy in 34%. Lobulo-centric non-caseating granulomas were the most common pathologic finding. Also, 61.5% of the patients had mild to moderate symptoms and 49.5% of them recovered completely by observation. In addition, 53 (25.9%) patients had severe symptoms and 30.8% of them were resistant to treatment.

IGM is a diagnostic challenge. Its diagnosis is based on exclusion and a close cooperation between the clinician, the radiologist and the pathologist. Mild to moderate cases can be managed conservatively; however, severe cases may need further aggressive medical or surgical treatments.

Imaging has an established role in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). The main purpose of this article is to explain an imaging-based diagnostic approach for IGM and describe the imaging findings of the disease.

The PubMed database was searched to find the articles published in English from January 2004 to December 2021 using the terms "idiopathic granulomatous mastitis", "imaging", and “radiology.” The search yielded 60 articles initially, of which 17 papers mainly concentrating on the imaging of IGM were assessed.

Ultrasound and mammography are the two commonly used modalities for evaluating IGM patients. Focal asymmetry and irregular high-density mass are the most common mammographic findings. Irregular hypoechoic mass with tubular extensions is a frequent ultrasound finding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used as a complementary modality, but it does not usually change the disease management. The most important differential diagnosis of IGM include breast cancer, infectious mastitis, and tuberculous mastitis. There is currently no agreedupon schedule for the imaging follow-up of IGM patients.

The commonly used imaging modalities for evaluating IGM include ultrasound with or without mammography. There is currently no consensus for the imaging follow-up of these patients. Copyright © 2022. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons A

Coffee shop, which is considered a post-modern phenomenon by some people and is a place that has created a social image via a proper interaction with its space and semantic system. It has occurred along with the evolution of coffee houses in Iran and become a Patogh (haunting place) for young people. This article aimed to reflect young people’s experiences in coffee shops and rethink their system of semantic relationships, besides seeking to answer why young people welcome coffee shops in Bojnord City. The research also tried to understand what semantic relationships had been produced and reproduced in coffee shops with an increasing popularity among young people in Bojnord. The conceptual framework of the study was set by emphasizing the concepts of Patogh, public sphere in Habermas's votes, place consumption in Henri Lefebvre's votes, Rey Oldenburg's third place, and place identity in Edward Ralph's votes so as to verify the coffee shop concept.  

An interpretive paradigm dominated this research. The research attempted to identify the system of semantic relations governing coffee shops through semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the findings was done via the Grounded Theory Method (GTM). The required information was collected by simultaneously using the two methods of purposeful sampling for selecting the interviewees in an accessible way and based on the criterion of maximum diversity and theoretical sampling for identify the number of people and finding the research path. The study was conducted through an interview with 36 young people (16 boys and 20 girls) living in Bojnord City with an average age of 21 years (age range of 18-25 years) in the spring of 2021. Sampling was completed after obtaining the theoretical saturation. 

The research results led to extracting 90 basic concepts, 22 sub-categories, and 7 major categories. After extracting the concepts and identifying the categories, all the categories were combined with each other and the underlying model of youth presence in coffee shops for the young people living in Bojnord City was designed. This study also provided a grounded model that could extract the consumption of place in order to produce the exclusive lifeworld of youth as the main phenomenon through semi-structured interviews. The causal condition for the presence of young people in coffee shops is liberation from structural domination. Young people consider their living conditions along with imposition of violence or, in other words, imposition of domineering structures on their values, attitudes, and actions. These domineering structures take refuge in a safe place called a coffee shop. Also, young people can show a place-dependent agency by being in coffee shops, an agency that has the power to change and produce new values ​​and practices and depends on a place called a coffee shop. This meaning is considered as the contextual condition for the presence of young people in coffee shops. Other reasons for them to have place consumption practices in order to produce their own exclusive lifeworld are associated with the idea of ​​globalization and conformity with myths. Young people feel the need to ride the wave of globalization, whether by being in places comparable to transnational and global environments like coffee shops or by spreading global ideas, such as individualism, while avoiding any discrimination of place manifested in a coffee shop. Additionally, identification of myths for young people and association of the name of cafe with the memory of myths have made young people inclined to being in coffee shops and practice their consumption so as to produce their exclusive lifeworld as a main phenomenon called a Patogh, which is a place to express the glory of the youth and protect young people’s lifestyle.Young people with a civilized living strategy based on the special etiquette of coffee shop, which can be said to be the transition period of a civilized life, can lead peaceful conversations, while respecting their differences in an atmosphere free of discrimination and consuming cultural goods. This reflects the aspirations and wishes of the youth. The consequence of consumption of place for producing the exclusive lifeworld of the youth is the birth of peace derived from invitation to stay in a coffee shop and the result of a sense of security and tranquility in a place that revitalizes the youth. Young people come to the coffee shop to spread the culture of peace in its peace-oriented place by preparing themselves for the new civilized life that is romantic and non-discriminative. Paying attention to changes in the system of semantic relationships in a third place like a coffee shop from the perspective of young people can pave the way for a better understanding of their relationship with this place and identification of their spatial-semantic needs.

Paradigms contain a special view of human beings, defining the correct forms of social relations influencing the world and people, and determining the direction of social development of societies and the specific "way of seeing" the world. Good urban governance has emerged as a political paradigm in the living world today and has provided this way of seeing. Due to the increasing trend of urban population, the Islamic Republic of Iran also faces obstacles to the application of this paradigm. The main question of research addresses the obstacles to the realization of the paradigm of good urban governance in Iran. Using grounded theory through in-depth interviews with 37 elites in Iran selected through purposeful sampling, a paradigm model of obstacles to the realization of good urban governance was identified. 280 basic concepts, 102 subcategories, 21 main categories and one core category were obtained. Obstacles to the urban governance paradigm in Iran can be expressed in three categories: institutional, idea and actors. The institutional category includes absolute government, parochical political culture, particularism, weak urban management, weak civil society, rentier state, reduction of government revenues due to sanctions, heterogeneous influence government, political opportunity structure, politicization, weak laws. The category of ideas includes identity deficiencies, weak a priori state-nation interaction, ideological discourse of sovereignty, lack of urban referential, centralized governance, neo-value orientation, the rule of tradition over Iranian society. The category of actors includes limited actors, coalition building opportunities, irresponsible citizen.

Reconstruction of Texture Verification as a result of government investment measures with local groups occurs as an endogenous development approach. One of the most important measures of renovation is to Gentrification with numerous groups and actors in the public, private and even cooperative sectors. Therefore, explaining the role and function of actors in the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification has a significant impact on the organization of renovation projects.This paper is a descriptive-analytical study to analyze the role of influential actors in the development of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification using a vector model in Zanjan. Data collection was done by library and field method. The statistical population was selected by snowball sampling method. To analyze the data, Structural Interaction Analysis approach and multi-player multi-player model with MIC MAC and Mactor software were used.The results showed that 30 main factors in different dimensions have direct effect on the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification in Zanjan. Key Proponents of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification include "Housing Area; Housing Strength; Commitment; Road Use; Housing Proportional; Residential Properties; Buildings; Vitality; Cost and Income Appropriateness. According to the multi-disciplinary model, the main factor in the Gentrification of Zanjan city is the triangle of relations between the municipality-private sector and the Department of Civil Development and Rehabilitation and the main focus is on the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance renovation of Texture Verification, enhance housing strength, establish a coordination council, and monitor cooperative contracts.

Introduction :

 One of the important areas of urban governance is urban policy-making. Due to the increasing population and urbanization, attention to the issue of urban governance as the basis of urban policy-making and urban planning has doubled. For this purpose, there must be a clear understanding of the referentials, through which with policy-making and planning for urban people can be proceeded. Determining this big picture in the Islamic Republic of Iran causes a coherent plan in cities and avoids daily decisions, thus creating competitive, cohesive, and accountable cities. The urbanization trend in Iran is increasing in a way that its urban population has increased from 54.3 to 74% from 1986 to 2016. Therefore, in the present study, the various themes existing in the 6 development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined, along with the growth of population, to become more familiar with the resulting changes in the policy-makers’ mindset. Urban policy-making is a branch of public policy-making knowledge, which enables urban policymakers to become aware of policy-making and its network in urban areas.

Analysis of themes provides data reduction, through which qualitative data are segmented, classified, summarized, and reconstructed. In the current research, the theme position model was used in the theme network. This method has the 3 levels of basic themes, organizing themes, and global themes.

Discussion of Results & Conclusions  :  

In the summary of the existing development programs in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the aspects of efficiency, decentralization, equality, transparency, accountability, spiritual heritage, health, and security, which were appropriate to the specific culture and conditions in Iran, could be seen. 24 basic themes, including the use of new technologies, culture of productivity, local income, attention to each region, government, downsizing, delegation, strengthening civil society, proper communication with the private sector, poverty reduction, attention to specific groups, attention to women, historical heritage, preservation of prior identity, access to resources, monitoring and evaluation, citizenship rights, citizenship education, effective civil society participation, crime prevention policies, social problems, health policy, food policy, environmental protection, and pollution prevention, were identified. The organizing themes were made of 12 components, including performance promotion, financial independence, subsidiarity, sustainability, attention to minorities, equitable access, preservation of national-religious heritage, transparency, citizen-centered governance, civic participation, human security, and environmental health. The specific referential point in the documents of Islamic development in Iran could be mentioned as follows: the global theme of efficiency focused on the basic theme of productivity, which had the characteristics of attracting specialized manpower, training managers, and work conscience. The global theme of decentralization was the basic theme of attention to each region, in which attention was paid to education and cultural, artistic, and sports services in each region. In the global theme of equality, special attention was paid to the themes of special attention to groups, such as veterans, martyrs' families, education of exceptional children, attention to women, and strengthening family institution. The global theme of preserving and strengthening spiritual heritage referred to features, such as paying attention to celebrities, the infallible Imams’ manners, preservation of Persian scripts and language, and Islamic-Iranian civilization. Finally, the global theme of both security and health focused on social issues, such as eradication of addiction and fighting against it and psychosis and mobilization of all government agencies. In comparison with the international documents and indicators, the special points of Iranian development programs included productivity culture, attention to each region, attention to specific groups and women, preservation of a priori identities, and social problems.

Competitiveness is one of the most important concerns of business in today's dynamic and competitive environment. And in recent years, competition has emerged as an economic concept that has influenced the sustainable development of the travel and tourism industry.

This descriptive-analytical paper seeks to study and strategically explain the drivers of tourism competitiveness in achieving Zanjan province's target markets. In this regard, information was collected through field and library studies. The statistical population includes the whole of Zanjan province with a population of 1011474 and 384 samples were selected by Cochran method. Structural Interaction Analysis and Interactive Interaction Analysis approach using MIC MAC and Scenario Wizard software were used for data analysis.

The findings of the study showed that based on the model of cross-structure analysis of tourism competitiveness, economic security includes e-commerce, ecological diversity, health infrastructure, and economic environment, international relations, transportation, and hotel services. According to the analysis of equilibrium interactions, the most important strategy for enhancing tourism competitiveness is based on the attractiveness of the tourism industry with a +2 coefficient. International Relations and e-commerce development at the international level with constructive coefficient (+1). And the development of health infrastructure with a factor of -1.

In order to develop tourism competitiveness, the existing infrastructure of employment, services and hospitality services as well as political and transport infrastructure should be strengthened.

Multidrug resistance pathogens are important heath challenges. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 20 plant extracts was tested against standard as well as 20 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The most active plant extract (Quercus infectoria) was selected for the synergistic activity assay.

Plant extracts were prepared by maceration using water, methanol and ethanol. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by both broth and agar dilution methods. The synergistic activity of QIG with ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated by checker board assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by colorimetric Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.

Only the methanol extract of QIG inhibited the growth of all the bacterial strains at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Other active extracts were Myrtus communis and Eucalyptus globulus inhibiting the growth of most bacterial strains tested at 2000 µg/ mL. In checker board assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to both QIG extract and CAZ was reduced. The MIC of CAZ was reduced from 64-4096 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa and to 16 µg/mL for E. coli isolates.

The QIG extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay. The result of this study showed a strong synergistic activity between QIC and CAZ on P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The activity within ethyl acetate-methanol (7:3) fraction indicates that the active components of the plant have a semi-polar nature and further work with this fraction may lead to understanding the mechanism of this synergistic activity

Main purpose of current study is Content analysis of mathematics textbooks in primary and secondary school in terms of the amount of activities which designed based on problem-posing approach. Type of this research is qualitative and mathematics textbooks in grades 1-9 which published in 1398 school year were considered as statistical population. In this regard, firstly, the key words that confirm the problem-posing were identified, then the situations were identified in the textbook, and finally the situations were categorized   according to theoretical framework from literature. Finding of this research shows that there are only 40 problem-posing situations in these mathematics textbooks which 60 percent of them appeared in the second three years of primary school textbooks. Moreover 67.5 percent of these problem posing situation have semi-structured context. Comparison between the number of problem-posing activities and problem-solving activities in mathematics textbooks show that textbooks writers had little attention to problem-posing activities.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran, which is a rare phenomenon, has been the subject of numerous researches and studies, and one of the important forms of this research, which is more important considering the recent developments in the world and the region, is to study the reflections of this revolution. Internationally and regionally, in this article we also seek to find new and unspoken capacities and dimensions of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in different regions, with the help of diffusion theory, with an explanatory-analytical method of the impact of the Islamic Revolution on Saudi Arabia - one of Examine the important and oil-rich countries of the region, which are the origin of Islam and the place of Hajj, as well as the key king of the Arab countries in the region. Undoubtedly, finding these dimensions is a step towards solving the problems of the Islamic world and the Shiites, which can also answer many of the problems of the Islamic world and the region today. The hypothesis we are trying to process in this paper is that; The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, first, by two types of broadcasting: displacement and hierarchy has affected the Shiite areas of Saudi Arabia and led to the cohesion, dynamism, activation and revolutionization of Shiite political discourse in those areas and the formation of resistance discourse, then by broadcasting Or the contagion has affected other parts of Saudi Arabia and created protest sub-discourses that result in the awakening of the Saudi people.

 Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major factor in long-term perinatal morbidity and is associated with abnormal fetal brain development; however, its pattern of brain involvement remains unknown.

 This study aimed to investigate the effect of IUGR on the brain parenchyma.

 Forty-two women with IUGR pregnancy and 28 women with normally grown fetuses at 28 - 38 weeks of pregnancy underwent 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical thickness was assessed in four regions and corrected by the biparietal diameter/2. Also, the whole brain surface area (WBA) was measured, and the areas of six brain regions were calculated and corrected by WBA.

 In the IUGR group, the cortical thickness in the insula and temporal lobe was significantly thinner than the control group (0.034 vs. 0.043 and 0.036 vs. 0.047, respectively; P < 0.05); these fetuses also showed significantly reduced WBA (P = 0.028). The corrected brain areas were not significantly different between the groups, except for the corrected areas of the cerebellum and the hippocampus, which increased in the IUGR group as compared to the control group (0.147 vs. 0.130 and 0.017 vs. 0.0125, respectively; P < 0.05).

 In the IUGR fetuses, significantly thinner insular cortex and temporal lobe cortex and smaller WBA were found compared to the control group. Among different brain regions, the cerebellum and the hippocampus were less affected by growth restriction in the antenatal period.

One of the emerging issues of the Islamic Revolution in the path of Islamic-Iranian social engineering is the issue of lifestyle, which of course is also one of the emerging issues of Western civilization. Raising this issue by the Supreme Leader in the second step statement shows the need to promote the Islamic way of life and stay away from the Western way of life, which is very important today. Accordingly, the present study tries to explain the role of NAJA in constructing and reconstructing the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle by emphasizing the menus of leadership in the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution and by presenting practical strategies, necessitate its application in the social world of Iran. The present research technique is based on the Delphi technique which was done in heteronic panels and in a round the number of experts with whom the research analysis was performed was 25 people. The results show that the value of the response index (with a coefficient of 10.327 T) NAJA had the greatest impact and role in the framework of leadership orders. After that, the components of acceptability, power, and innovation of the NAJA organization are in the next ranks and have received above-average scores.