masoud ghasemi

Criminal procedure is the meeting point between the rights of individuals and society, both of which are important and must be protected. In criminal law, there are principles and rules governing the stages of criminal justice implementation and the duties of the officials who do this, and respecting the rights of the accused, the victim, and society, which are called criminal procedure. In the meantime, the legislator has used a special procedure in the field of criminal law based on considerations regarding some crimes and individuals, which is called differential procedure. In this type of proceedings, the main origin of which takes place in special courts, we are often faced with the adoption of two security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches, and since the proceedings in these courts, at first glance, the suspicion of non-compliance with guarantees It brings to mind the proceedings; Determining the status and degree of adherence to the well-known principles of fair and just proceedings, such as the presumption of innocence of the accused, the public nature of the proceedings, the right to have a lawyer, hearing within a reasonable time, the right to appeal, etc., as components of a citizen-centered approach, is essential. It is important and inevitable; Therefore, considering the importance and important role of having a balance between these two approaches and avoiding the adoption of a purely security-oriented approach, which leads to the possibility of neutrality of the judicial system and violation of the defense rights of the accused; In addition to stating the limitations imposed on the well-known principles and guaranteeing the defendants' defense rights, we would like to present, as far as possible, the mechanisms to create balance in the course of differential proceedings in Iran's criminal justice system.

Police officers carry out their operational missions with the weapons provided by the government. As a result of the use of weapons, sometimes accused and innocent people are killed. The purpose of the current research is to explain the murder caused by the fault or negligence of police officers in using weapons. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-analytical method was used to write it by studying the opinions of criminal courts. In most cases, in the case of the agent's fault, the lawgiver has stated the murder as an example of paragraph b, article 290 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 and has predicted retribution for the guilty agent. But the officer is armed according to the law, and therefore there should be a difference between the crime caused by the fault of the armed officer and the crime caused by the fault of an ordinary person who is illegally armed. Also, in addition to the negligence of the officers, the negligence of the organization, both in terms of providing the necessary training and in terms of the weapons provided to the officers, should also be taken into consideration. Therefore, one of the required components is the promotion of legalism culture, which should be accepted as an organizational culture in the police force and should be at the forefront of officers' actions in carrying out police missions, including shootings

The occurrence of crimes after crises are numerous and diverse, and their prevention and management is essential. One of the most important of these crimes is theft, which can be committed both by those affected by the crisis and by opportunists. The aim of this research is to study the social prevention of theft in disasters and provide appropriate solutions in Kermanshah province in 2023.

In this descriptive-analytical and applied survey, data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included 30 experts in the field of law, sociology, psychology and crisis management of Kermanshah province, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24 software.

According to the findings, using the social prevention approaches will have a significant impact on reducing and preventing the crime of theft during disasters, including: creating jobs, building recreational places, improving people's living conditions, providing the minimum necessities of life, improving the condition of alleys and streets in terms of environmental design and removing them from the state of being susceptible to committing the crime of theft, taking advantage of the capacity of social institutions such as mosques and schools in strengthening people's religious beliefs, raising children and properly supervising them in choosing peer groups, determining the role of institutions and also organizations related to crisis management.

The results obtained from the analysis of statistical data in the studied sample show that economic and livelihood poverty, environmental chaos and disorder, high unemployment rate, high benefit and low risk of committing crime in the accident-affected areas and lack of security and weakness in establishing order and security. It has an effect of more than 50% on the occurrence of theft and its escalation during disasters.

Violence against children and adolescents is one of the topics that is often raised as a violation of human rights. This problem exists globally and especially in underdeveloped countries, and it creates extensive negative consequences not only for its direct victims, but also for family members and communities. Considering this issue, the aim of the current research is to examine the position of the prohibition of domestic violence against children and adolescents in the light of international documents.

The current research is of a theoretical type and has been carried out with a documentary method. The data has been collected in a library form through bibliography and data collection and finally analyzed.

Domestic violence against children and adolescents is significant from two perspectives: one from the perspective of the right to health and the other from the perspective of prohibiting discrimination and not paying attention to the position of children and adolescents in the family. Committing domestic violence against children and teenagers violates examples of fundamental human rights. Fundamental human rights in the literature of international human rights have a mandatory description. Governments are obliged to fight against this phenomenon and take the necessary measures to prevent it from happening, and if it happens, to follow up and punish the perpetrators through legal means.

The Convention has played an effective role in defending children's rights, but it has shortcomings in areas such as weak structural coordination, executive guarantee, theoretical foundations and definitions, and the non-deterrence of declared punishments. In many aspects, the Law on Protection of Children and Adolescents 2019 provides adequate coverage for the obligations arising from the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The increasing use and influence of mobile phones on individuals' daily habits, behaviors, and lifestyles have brought significant changes and may cause serious and important problems in people's lives. This study investigated the impact of variables such as impulsivity and intolerance of uncertainty, along with smartphone management styles on smartphone addiction, mediated by warm executive functions.

Methods and Materials: 

The current study was descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 722 high school students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Bianchi and Phillips (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (1997), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale by Dugas et al. (1998), the Hsieh, Jen, and Chou (2019) Smartphone Management Styles Questionnaire, and the BRIEF Executive Functions Questionnaire (Parent Form) by Gerard et al. (2000). Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS software version 25.

Results indicated significant inverse relationships between impulsivity and warm executive functions (β = -0.74, p < 0.001), impulsivity and smartphone addiction (β = -0.56, p < 0.001), and warm executive functions and smartphone addiction (β = -0.51, p < 0.001). Direct and significant relationships were found between intolerance of uncertainty and warm executive functions (β = 0.66, p < 0.001), intolerance of uncertainty and smartphone addiction (β = 0.73, p < 0.001), and warm executive functions and smartphone addiction (β = -0.51, p < 0.001). Significant inverse relationships existed between management styles and warm executive functions (β = -0.83, p < 0.001), and management styles and smartphone addiction (β = -0.71, p < 0.001).

Therefore, it can be concluded that there are relationships between impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and smartphone management styles with smartphone addiction mediated by warm executive functions.

The dominance of postmodernism in the life of human societies, and the introduction of various variables into people's lives, has led to the complexity of human relationships. One of the important issues in this field is the increase in tension and violence, among which one of the most important instances of violence is domestic violence. Domestic violence has different dimensions and examples, including violence against women, violence against children and adolescents, etc. The present study, which has been conducted through the descriptive-analytical method, will evaluate the criminalization basics of this phenomenon in Iran's legal system and Jaʽfari jurisprudence. The present study shows that despite appearances, some rules such as correction permit of children and adolescents are prohibited in the framework of the ruling jurisprudence-legal system, and all instances of violence against children and adolescents are prohibited, and the existence of special educational-educational rulings does not provide permission for violence against children and adolescents.

The principle of jurisdiction of public courts is considered as one of the basic principles of any legal system. Trial in special courts is an exception in the area of criminal procedure law. Therefore, in this article, considering the importance and important role of the balance between security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches in achieving a just and fair trial, while expressing the limitations imposed on the well-known principles and guaranteeing the defense rights of the accused, to the extent to present the possibility of balancing mechanisms between these approaches during the proceedings of the Revolutionary Court. One of the types of specialized authorities in Iran's criminal law, which was formed with the aim of consolidating and stabilizing the foundations of the system, is the Islamic Revolution Court and since the proceedings in these courts are a specialized court by itself, the suspicion of non-observance of procedural guarantees is raised. The mind takes action; Determining the status and degree of adherence to the well-known principles of fair proceedings, such as observing the principle of public proceedings, the presumption of innocence of the accused, the right to have a lawyer, the right to appeal, etc., during the proceedings of this court, is an important and inevitable matter. Although the Iranian Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 compared to previous laws and under the influence of human rights and humanitarian perspectives, efforts have been made to create a balance between security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches and pay more attention to the observance of citizen's rights, but there are still signs of adopting the dominant approach there is a security focus in the proceedings of some crimes in this court, which has caused problems and criticisms.

In this study, ethnobotanical data and in vitro conservation of Zataria multiflora Boiss. were investigated. By visiting the plant natural habitats in Fars, Isfahan, and Hormozgan Provinces, it was found that Z. multiflora is locally known as ‘Avishan-e-Shirazi’, ‘Avishan-e-Barg Pahn’, and ‘Avesham’ and used to treat human and animal diseases. Zataria multiflora habitats are being severely destroyed due to the plant materials over-collection from nature for many medicinal in the recent years. So, conservation of this valuable species is necessary. In this study, the indirect plant micropropagation was studied. Induced calli from the seedling were transferred to the Gamborg (B5) medium containing 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (0.1, 1.5 and 0.2 mg/l) with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.1 and 0.5 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). The highest shoot-forming capacity (13.8) was obtained in the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA. The maximum root-forming capacity (6.8) was found in the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized (75%). The results can be used to protect germplasm, supply seedlings, and restore the plant habitats.

Public proceedings are one of the principles of fair proceedings, the limitations and exceptions of which are of great importance and sensitivity. The nature of these limitations and exceptions are important issues that have received less attention in the shadow of the principle of public proceedings. The purpose of this article is to examine the exceptions of public proceedings in criminal jurisprudence, Iranian criminal law, human rights documents and international criminal law. This article is descriptive and analytical, and the library method is used to investigate the mentioned topic. The findings indicate that in jurisprudence, the acceptance of the principle of public proceedings can be inferred, but there is no mention of its exceptions. In Iranian criminal law, at the discretion of the court and in cases such as children's court, public decency, public order and security, religious or ethnic sentiments, and private lawsuits, if the parties to the lawsuit request, the proceedings are closed. In human rights documents, ethics and public order and national security of governments are exceptions to public proceedings. In the statutes of international criminal courts, issues such as public order or morality and security, protection of witnesses and victims, compliance with the expediency of justice, and protection of documents and information are exceptions to public proceedings. Although in international documents, these exceptions are stated in a general way, but the general and non-transparent statement of these exceptions in the domestic laws of countries, including Iran, cannot be defended.

Evidence of increased serum uric acid (UA) levels during asthma exacerbations is still unclear. High levels of UA may lead to increased inflammation; in this regard, we aimed to investigate the level of UA and associated factors in patients with exacerbation of asthma attacks and those with controlled asthma.

In this study, demographical and clinical data from 300 patients (150 outpatients and 150 hospitalized patients) with asthma who were referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from August 2018 to March 2019 were collected. Also, the UA and spirometry parameters (FEV1, FEV1/FVC) were assessed for patients. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 considering a significant level<0.05.

Among 300 patients with asthma, 158 were male, and 142 were female. A significant association was reported between gender, body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, opium consumption, alcohol consumption, number of asthma attacks, family history of asthma, and history of atopy among hospitalized and outpatients (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the level of UA in the two groups at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05). Also, a significant difference between the level of UA in hospitalized patients at the beginning and the end of treatment was observed (P<0.05). In addition, a significant difference between the oxygen saturation level among two groups of outpatients and hospitalized patients at the beginning of treatment was seen (P<0.001).

According to our results, the level of UA might be used as a relative predictive factor in the severity of asthma attacks.

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a type of neurobehavioral disorder that is often associated with anxiety disorders and harms a person's performance in many areas, including academic performance, attention and concentration, and social communication. Studies have shown the role of some computer games in improving attention, processing and classifying information. The present study investigates the effectiveness of a computer training program on the anxiety of students with ADHD.

This study had a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A sample of 30 primary school students with ADHD was selected in Tehran (2021-2022). They were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people (experimental and control groups). Both groups performed a pre-tested, and the experimental group underwent 24 sessions of 60 minutes for three months under the intervention of a computer training program, and then for further investigation and follow-up, a follow-up test was conducted three months later for the experimental and control group. The data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that the computer training program had a positive effect on reducing the level of anxiety of students, and it was statistically significant (p˂0.001).

According to the data, the anxiety in the in the post-test and follow-up of the experimental group had a downward trend, and the average level of total anxiety of the experimental group has decreased compared to the control group.

The application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal from committing a crime. One of the crimes that increases during natural disasters and crises is theft. Therefore, in order to deal with it and re-establish social, economic security and peace of mind of the victims, crime prevention measures should be taken into consideration. This article aims to examine and provide preventive measures for the crime of theft in natural disasters and crises. This study is one of applied research in terms of purpose and nature, and its research method is Delphi and qualitative interview method. Furthermore, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, and its statistical population is a number of experts, elites, lawyers, etc., who have been evaluated. Situational crime prevention usually manifests itself through breaking one of the links in the chain of causes and events that can be neutralized and causes the crime to occur. The cost of situational prevention is much lower than the criminal punishment of criminals, and reducing the opportunity can be useful in deterring criminals from crime and fear. This kind of prevention includes a wide range of activities and measures to deal with theft. Eliminating ideal situations for the occurrence of crime, predicting safe places to store important and relief items, increasing checkpoints at the entrance and exit of crisis-hit cities, using electronic equipment for control and monitoring in accident-affected areas, etc. are effective during natural disasters and crises in the prevention of theft.

Generalized anxiety disorder has many negative consequences, including reduced resilience. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effectiveness of assertiveness training program on the resilience and clinical symptoms of students with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students aged 16 to 18 in the second-high school of Karaj city in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them number of 50 people of them were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 25 including experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes under the assertiveness training program and during this time the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams and Lowe, 2006) and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups have significantly different in terms of the variables of resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. In the other words, the assertiveness training program led to increase resilience (F-41.25, P<0.001) and reduce clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (F-28.34, P<0.001) in students.

The results indicated the effectiveness of the assertiveness training program on resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the assertiveness training program along with other training methods and programs to increase resilience and reduce the clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Driver behavior is a critical factor in traffic safety. Detecting abnormal driver behaviors through appropriate indicators and enforcing driving regulations will reduce high-risk driving behaviors and increase traffic safety. Detecting dangerous driver behavior is beneficial for developing warning systems and preventing accidents. Some high-risk driving behaviors, such as sudden lane changes, are dependent on determining the movement direction of the vehicle which has not received enough attention. The objective of this study is to determine the direction of movement of the vehicle and lane changes, using the sensors in the smartphone mounted on a vehicle. To achieve this goal, first, by using the Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone and an accurate Global Positioning System (GPS), longitudinal and angular accelerometer data and GPS data are sampled as a dataset and combined by different types of neural networks. Then, combined data is fed into a suggested neural network, and lane changes are detected. Finally, the GPS data is used as the ground truth for the training of the neural network. If the GPS is not accessible, this neural network, just by receiving smartphone accelerometer data, can estimate the vehicle's direction of movement with an accuracy of 0.5 to 4.8 meters compared to the ground truth up to 8 seconds after the GPS is shut down. Using the vehicle travel path, an algorithm is proposed that can correctly detect the change of driving lane in the sample data set with 94% accuracy, 93.62% precision, 88.00% recall, and F1-score of 90.72% which are acceptable values.

Cyberspace or cyberspace is a term that has been considered by criminologists and jurists in recent years, and at the same time with the creation of this space, crimes occur in it and using it. The legal fight against these crimes required the elimination of several important steps: First, the criminalization of criminal behavior, of course, criminalization without the invention and achievement of criminal responsibility is considered more or less incomplete, which is why the Iranian legislature in the Computer Crime Law on criminal responsibility Legal entities have emphasized and criminalized these individuals for the first time in Iranian law, so the issue of criminal liability and its scope in cybercrime law is of paramount importance, there are likely to be many questions related to the scope of liability. Individuals to be expressed in cyberspace, the Iranian legislature has dedicated the sixth chapter of the Cybercrime Law to the issue of criminal liability, and the change in the said law has led to the discovery and invention of criminal liability for legal entities in cyberspace.

The third era of cybercrime has dominated since the early 1990s and is referred to as "cybercrime". The cyberspace defined by the Council of Europe as a combination of computers, modems and telecommunications, a simulation and virtual feature, was a completely new environment that attracted everyone's attention.The most recent international convention in the field of cybercrime has also used the same title "cybercrime".What it separates them from previous generations is the lack of connection between the commission of a crime and being a criminal at the sceneIt is the result of the crime that this has somehow complicated the crime. Nowadays, the legal field in dealing with the issue of cybercrime has been slowing down. scene Space enters willingly or unwillingly. This article examines the causes, nature and characteristics of cyberspace by examining these cases. Changes and developments have been written, so it has an innovative feature

Being an environmental guard is the principle that, in addition to the law, should be invoked in the implementation, and depending on the conditions defined for it, he allowed actions such as carrying and using weapons to this group of community jobs. The purpose of the current research is to examine the status of environmental guards as special law enforcement officers. This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. As a result, the environmentalists working in environmental protection are given permission to carry weapons based on the type of mission. According to Article 15 of the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law, environmental guards are considered to be bailiffs if they have been trained in the duties of law enforcement officers in a special class under the supervision of the prosecutor.

The aim of this study was to determine the fit of structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in young girls.

The present study was correlational and path analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all male and female graduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year of 2019-20, were selected by cluster sampling; And the Questionnaire of the Importance of Moral Identity for Self (Aquino and Reed, 2002), the Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (Guardia et al., 2000), the Academic Dishonesty Scale (Kabi et al., 1997), the Emotional Self-Awareness Questionnaire (Grant et al., 2002), The Cognitive and Self-Behavioral Scale (Cunningham, 2007) responded. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method by Amos software.

Findings showed that the structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on the basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in young people has a good fit (RMSEA= 0.07, GFI= 0.90). There was a significant negative relationship between moral identity and self-defeating behaviors (P<0.01, r= -0.20). Self-awareness has an indirect effect on self-defeating behavior mediated by guilt (P<0.01).

It can be concluded that the structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on the basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in students has a good fit.

communication technology has had a tremendous impact on teaching-learning opportunities in various educational situations, including education; Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the comparison of determining the effectiveness of traditional and combined education based on the theory of cognitive load in high school female students.

This research is included in the group of experimental researches in which immediate and delayed pre-test-post-test design was used along with the control group. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the students of girls' schools of the second period of secondary school in one district of Kerman city, with a volume of 7200. According to the size of the population, the sample of this research consists of 45 female students in the age group of 18 years who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and within each cluster, in a simple random manner. and a combination was designed and then implemented on the students of the experimental groups, each group of which was 15 people. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these two educational methods, the dependent variable of cognitive load was measured in the area of internal and external cognitive load. The instrument for measuring these variables was the Pass and Van Merenboer (1994) questionnaire. Data analysis was done in quantitative and qualitative sections.

The results of the research showed that the level of satisfaction of the learners from the combined approach is significantly higher than the traditional group (P=0.01 <0.05 and F=1.36). The comprehensive students present in the course also expressed more satisfaction with blended learning compared to the traditional approach. In the field of learning, the results show that the learning rate of the students who participated in the combined training course is higher than other courses (p=0.01 < 0.05).

Therefore, the education of students should be done in a multimedia way and technologies It should be updated, and in it, special attention should be paid to the principles of processing and cognitive load effects in order to reduce the external cognitive load, maintain the desired cognitive load and manage the internal cognitive load, as well as pay special attention to the lessons of the learners in order to maximize the efficiency of the students in terms of academic progress.

One of the problems of children with math disorders is the problem of working memory and sense of numbers, which can be increased by teaching math. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mathematics education on the numerical sense and visual-spatial working memory of first-grade elementary school girls with mathematical problems.

The method of this research was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all experimental students with first-grade mathematical problems in Kerman primary school in 1399. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control (15 people). They answered Jordan's number sense test, Wechsler intelligence test, and continuous performance test before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent math training intervention and the control group did not receive any training. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired comparison post hoc tests.

The results showed that in the post-test stage, the mean scores of number sense and working memory in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (P <0.01).

Mathematics education is effective in improving auditory-spatial working memory and number sense in students with mathematical disorders. Therefore, this type of education can be used to reduce the problems of children with math disorders.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the legal criminal policy of Iran regarding the prevention of the injury of environmentalists. This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. In environmental proceedings, granting the necessary legal position to non-governmental organizations to "declare a crime", file a lawsuit, present evidence and documents to prove the crime, participate in all stages of the crime investigation, and finally "objection to the decisions of the courts", a major development. on the one hand, it solves one of the gaps in Iran's legal system, and on the other hand, it ensures the effective participation of these organizations in the implementation of environmental norms.Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. The result of the current research is the need to create a suitable platform for public participation in environmental protection in the form of non-governmental organizations; The realization of this participation requires free access to environmental information, the participation of the public in the decision-making process, decision-making, proceedings and environmental justice.

Iran's Legislative Criminal Policy on Crimes Threatening Food Security with a Preventive ApproachAbstractEstablishment and sustainability, food security, as a human right to access adequate, safe and nutritious food, is directly related to environmental rights. In the field of food security and the right to food, there are many crimes, including food crimes and environmental crimes, which endanger food security and ultimately the health of citizens. Developed countries, meanwhile, have tended to pursue preventive criminal policies to prevent these crimes. In this article, we intend to explain Iran's legislative criminal policy against crimes threatening food security through a library method. The results of the study indicate that the non-criminal responses in question lack the necessary infrastructure to achieve the goal of prevention and criminal responses also lack sufficient coherence. The need for a special law entitled "Food Threatening Crimes" that covers food threatening behaviors is felt by the Special Court.Keywords: prevention, criminal policy, criminal law, health violations.

Victim protection is one of the new topics in criminal law that the methods of protection of victims of crime by the police include such things as the general attitude of protecting victims, stabilizing their legal status and compensating them for material and moral damages. As a result of committing a crime, various material and spiritual losses are inflicted on the lives, property, honor, dignity and soul of the victims and their relatives. How government authorities respond to victims can be effective in reducing their harm. The role of the police, as the first institution to which victims refer, is very valuable and significant in reducing injuries and providing for their needs and wants. The type of action and behavior of the police (in general) interaction can reduce the crime-related harm to the victim or, conversely, aggravate them, so it is necessary, given the importance of such a role for the police, to: The various aspects of this support should be examined. In this study, the support of the police for the victim is examined. The present study is a problem-oriented applied research in terms of application; Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the theoretical foundations of police protection of victims. As a result, in recent years, the idea of victim protection has attracted the attention of criminologists, legislators, judicial officials and the police, and significant steps have been taken to protect victims. The police is the first institution that victims face.

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is a type of neurobehavioral disorder that affects a person's performance in many areas, including academic performance, attention and concentration, and social communication. 

This research, we used a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consists of students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in the elementary school of Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were selected using the selective sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people, experimental and control groups.  Swanson, Nolan and Pelham fourth edition questionnaire (SNAP-IV) were used to evaluate symptoms of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Dourtaj academic performance questionnaire was used for academic performance, and CAS cognitive assessment test was used to evaluate neuro-cognitive processes. A pre test was taken from both experimental and control groups, and the experimental group was subjected to the intervention of the rehabilitation computer training program for 3 months.A post-test was taken from was performed for both the experimental and control groups. The follow-up test was performed after 3 months later of the post-test session.

The results of analysis showed that the computer training program had a positive effect on cognitive processes and academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and it was statistically significant(P˂0.001).   

The computer training program improves cognitive functions (planning, attention and simultaneous, successive processing) and improves the academic performance of students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Following the methods of differentiation (specialization) in criminal law is a necessary thing that has been achieved in many other legal systems. One of the areas in which the differentiation of criminal procedure should be manifested in its territory is technical and specialized crimes, and this study has examined one of the green crimes as one of its examples. In this study, it was concluded that in our systemic law, there are manifestations of differentiation from private to technical and specialized crimes in the form of specialized courts, but since terrorism is still achieved in our systemic law. The independent form of criminalization is also assigned to the trial and has special regulations, there is a serious weakness in our legislative system. In addition to the effects, the anticipation of requirements such as increasing the number of specialized green courts and specialized courts and eliminating specialized courts in dealing with green crimes, the use of specialized judges and officers, and the Special Police for Environmental and Continuing Education. Their recognition of the right to reason and objection to votes for green poison can be used to differentiate between green crimes and the realization of real criminal policy.