mazinani

According to the epidemiological studies, consuming olive products can decrease the incidence of the different types of cancers mostly due to the high anti-oxidant properties of their polyphenolic compounds. To evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative potentials of the olive fruits total polyphenols on the gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells in comparison to the normal Hu02 cells. The total phenolic content of the olive fruits and radical scavenging activity were determined by Folin and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests respectively. MTT assay was performed for the evaluation of the cell viability. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using DCFH-DA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 statistical software. Treatment of the MKN45 cells with the phenolic compounds extracted from olive fruits decreased growth and viability of the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of the MKN45 cells with a combination of the phenolic compounds extracts and cytarabine further decreased cell compared to monotherapy of the cells with each compound alone. Mechanistically, we showed that the anti-cancer effects of the olive polyphenols in the MKN45 cells are mediated through depletion of ROS. Similarly, polyphenolic extracts were found to decrease ROS level in the normal cells at the concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg.mL-1 and short treatment times (6 h), but the viability of these cells did not significantly change. At high concentrations (2000 μg.mL-1) of the phenolic extracts or at longer times of incubation (12 h), however, both ROS levels and the viability of the cells were significantly decreased in the normal cells. The olive fruits polyphenolic extract modulates ROS levels and selectively targets cancerous cells at low concentrations. Also, the effects of cytarabine could be potentiated by the olive fruits polyphenols. Thus, for a combined protocol of cancer cell therapy, olive fruit polyphenolic compound could be proposed as a proper candidate.

Semiotics is the science of studying the sign systems and, in fact, an interpretive process for understanding the hidden truth behind the signs, mysteries, and signs and cultural symbols. In addition, semiotics tells us that structures can be meaningful. The sign system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is very important because of the creation of a new Shiite identity. The present study examines the process of transition from political symbols to social symbols in the stamps between 1979- 2001 as a cultural instrument of the Islamic Republic of Iran through a combination of content analysis and semiotics. The findings of this study indicate that the process of changing the emblems on stamps between 1979- 2001 indicates that the Islamic Republic of Iran's legitimacy has shifted from rulers to society and from political to social.

Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPICs) provide quick, easy, valid and reliable access to medication and toxin information for professionals, health workers and the public. The purpose of this study is to report the services provided by a university hospital DPIC within 1 year. This descriptive study reports all scientific questions asked from DPIC of Namazi hospital in Shiraz from the September 2016 to the August 2017. The information include the number of questions, the ward that ask the question, the questioner's profession, the method of asking questions, the method of responding, the type of question, and the resources used to answer them. After extraction of duplicates, data were analyzed by using the Excel software. The total number of contacts registered during the study period was 485. The most number of questions were received in July and the lowest in November. Major questions were asked from the health-care team working in Namazi hospital and mostly from the nursing group (44.7%). Most of the questions (79.6%) were asked and responses were provided (67.1%) by the telephone device. Of all incoming inquiries, drug indication (13.3%), adverse drug reactions (ADR) (13.3%), storage (11.8%), and the method of preparation as well as administration (11.7%) were among the most common types of questions. The most frequent ward in asking questions was the pediatric intensive care unit (13.1%). The most widely used drug information resource to answer questions was the UptoDate® (47.5%). DPIC services in the hospital settings can decrease or prevent ADRs as well as medication errors, improve the pattern of medication use, and result in cost saving

The type-2 fuzzy set theory is one of the most powerful tools for dealing with uncertainty and imperfection in a dynamic and complex environment. The applications of type-2 fuzzy sets and soft computing methods are rapidly emerging in the ecological fields such as air pollution and weather prediction. The air pollution problem is a major public health problem in many cities of the world. Prediction of natural phenomena always suffers from uncertainty in the environment and incompleteness of data. There are many studies reported for air quality index prediction but all of them suffers from uncertainty and imprecision associated to the incompleteness of knowledge and imprecise input measures. This work takes advantages of learning and adoption of adaptive neural networks alongside in new environment. Furthermore, it presents an adaptive neuro-type-2 fuzzy inference system (ANT2FIS) to address the uncertainty and imprecision in air quality prediction. The dataset of this study was collected from Tehran municipality official website for last five years (2012-2017). The result reveals that the ANT2FIS method prediction is more reliable and is capable of handling uncertainty compared to the other counterpart methods. The performance results on real dataset shows advantage of the type2- ANFIS system in the prediction process with an average accuracy of 94% (AUC 99%) compared to other related works.

Melamine is a chemical widely used in the industries .It was used in the production of plastic – coated plates, glue, molding compounds and melamine dinnerware. Formaldehyde as an irritant was produced in the melamine dinnerware production and create some health problem. In this study irritant risk assessment of formaldehyde was assessed in Melamine dinnerware industry.
In this study 54 workers were selected from melamine dinnerware workshops as exposed groups. 30 workers from dairy production workshops was evaluated who were not occupationally exposed to irritants. The personal monitoring of workers was performed according to the NIOSH method No. 3500.Irritant effects of formaldehyde were evaluated using HSE/HSL questionnaire .Relative risk was calculated for each response.
Mean occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was 0.1±0.044 ppm. The results of Chi-square test showed in the exposed group irritation of respiratory tract and eyes was higher than controls (P Occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was higher than the respective NIOSH Threshold Limit Values–Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA).It seems, irritation of respiratory tract and eyes occur in the lower concentration of formaldehyde TWA of Iran standards. Due to irritation relative risk in the melamine dinnerware workshops, a program of risk management required.

Improving mechanical, thermal and abrasion resistance of different polymer nanocomposites with nanodiamond particles have been interested for researchers in recent years. This review article is focused on nanodiamond, its production and preparation from nature briefly, synthesis and preparation of its polymer nanocomposites. In most of these nanocomposites, thermal, mechanical and abrasion resistance properties were improved by use of nanodiamond in polymer matrix. As an example: tensile strength of poly vinyl alcohol based nanocomposite with 5% nanodiamond increased from 95 MPa to 124 MPa and its tensile modulus from 3.7GPa to 10.6GPa. The tensile strength is also increased by 20% in epoxy resin/nanodiamondnanocomposites. Thermal degradation temperature of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene dien monomer elastomeric blend was increased about 46˚C by using of 5% nanodiamond in their composition. Obvious increasing in mechanical,thermal and abrasion properties were also observed forpolyurethane elastomer and rubber compoundsby applying only 1% and 3%nanodiamond respectively.

Polyurethanes due to their excellent properties are used in different industrial applications. Polyurethane and polyurethane-ureas have been used as coating materials in factories ground areas and sport fields during the last decades. But improving their thermal stability was always the major goal for developing their applications. In this study the polyurethane-urea nanocomposites with nanodiamond were prepared by in situ polymerization and their chemical structure, thermal stability, glass transition temperature and also crystallinity were measured. The results showed 13˚C improvement in thermal stability by using only 0.1% of nanodiamond in polymer matrix. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was also increased and soft segment crystallinity was decreased by addition of nanodiamond in polymer matrix.

Enrichment of foods leads to improve the health of both individuals and society. In this research, Spirulina platensis was used in the enrichment of ultrafiltration white cheese in order to study its effect on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus. For havin medical, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties, Menthe longifolia was used in the production of this cheese as a flavorable. Spirulina platensis was used in the early stages of the production process, and was added to cheese at the concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8%w/w. Spirulina’s incorporation on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilu in ultrafiltration cheese containing 0.5, 1% Menthe longifolia was also investigated. The cheese samples were stored at 4°C, and taken for experiments at 1, 15, 30 and 45 days of the refrigerated storage. The results showed that by adding the microalga biomass of Spirulina platensis in cheese samples containing powdered Menthe longifolia L., the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus increased significantly during the storage time (P<0.05). The effect of 0.8% S.platensis powder’s addition on the viablity of probiotic bacteria was greater than that of the 0.3 and 0.5% additions. After 45 days of storage at 4°C, the numbers of probiotic bacteria in all of the cheese samples were in the range of the numbers of the recommended therapeutic products. The sensory analysis was also performed for the cheese samples. The sensory scores of the 0.3% Spirulina powder added cheese samples at both concentrations of Mentha longifolia L. (0.5&1%) were better than those of the 0.5 and 0.8% Spirulina powder additions. This study according to the good health and nutritional properties of microalgae Spirulina platensis and the possitive effects on viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus was applied for the enrichment of ultrafiltration cheese. addition of Menthe longifoli L. powder into the cheese samples containing of powdered microalgae at two concentrations (0.5&1%) led to overcome this concern about decreasing of sensory acceptability.

Soft computing techniques play an important role for decision-making applications with imprecise and uncertain knowledge. The application of fuzzy soft computing applications is rapidly emerging in the medical diagnosis and prognosis. A fuzzy expert system models knowledge as a set of explicit linguistic rules and performs reasoning with words. Although there are several technology oriented studies reported for breast cancer diagnosis, few studies have been reported for the breast cancer prognosis. However, prognosis of breast cancer suffers from uncertainty and imprecision associated to imprecise input measures and incompleteness of knowledge as well as diagnosis. This research presents a fuzzy expert system for breast cancer prognosis. This approach is capable enough to capture ambiguity and imprecision prevalent in the characterization of the breast cancer. For this, the paper utilizes a Mamdani fuzzy inference model, which is more intuitive and has high interpretability for interacting with human experts during prognosis process. The main advantage of this work compared to other related studies, mostly presented for assessing the risk of the cancer development stage, is using unbiased input variables in the prognosis process; i.e., this model has the potential to predict the risk of developing breast cancer even in healthy females. Furthermore, the fuzzy expert system was evaluated on real dataset and the results of system were compared to an obstetrician decisions. The performance results on real dataset reveals superiority of the fuzzy expert system in the prognosis process with an average accuracy of 95%, compared to other related works. This approach is optimistic for prediction of breast cancer risk and early diagnosis of the cancer and can consequently improve survival rate.

During recent decades, many changes have occurred in textbooks.The present study reviews evolutions in gender culture with a focus on three periods of changes in the Persian textbooks of primary schools. To this end, apparent and hidden contents of Persian language textbooks of three academic years of 1979, 1984 and 2003 were studied in an inductive approach and using the method of qualitative contents analysis. Categories related to the questions raised in this study were extracted through three techniques including open, axial, and selectivecoding. Related codes were also counted using a quantitative technique. Results show that the atmosphere, roles, entertainments, and emotions became gender-oriented throughout the three periods. Moreover, social acceptance of gender roles by the parents was observed in the first two periods and gender-orientation of children’s independence was observed only in the last period. The analysis showed that in the three periods under question, a gender-based identity was reflected, but in the last period, this issue was slighter.In other words, in some cases, the difference between the two genders was slightly decreased.

To reach to organizational goals depend on personnel abilities in implementing duties and adaptation to changeable environment. human resource training and development were caused to implement activities effectively and increase personnel efficiency corresponding organizational changes and environment. todays, the most important feature of the organization is change.in such different and complicated environmental conditions together with rapid changes, if organizations, managers and personnel could not adopt to emerging changes, they will certainly eliminate. todays, organizations need learning more and more. According to researches, there is positive link between personnel training and their productivity.it is necessary to identify process, resources and training in organization and then plan them in a scientific model. Personnel training and improvement were affected values and personal satisfaction which are strategic in personal level and were caused improving and developing in organization level. This paper is to investigate training process including need assessment, evaluation, and personnel training effectiveness, necessaries and limitations.

Nitrogen fertilizers play a significant role in enhancing crop yield, shoot development, and metabolites production by increasing photosynthesis levels. The present study explores the effect of nitrogen on dry matter yield of a medicinal plant, i.e. lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.). For so doing, an experiment was carried out with four replications, following a randomized complete block design, in the research field of Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Rey. Different traits such as dry and wet weights of shoot, dry weights of leaf and stem, plant height, stem diameter, and the number of branches were treated using six different treatments including: control, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg nitrogen per hectare as urea resource. The results indicated that different amounts of nitrogen significantly affected all of the traits. An increase in the amount of nitrogen per hectare resulted in an increase in the traits under study in a way that two of the treatments, i.e. 150 and 180 kg nitrogen per hectare, resulted in the highest dry and wet weights in shoot and dry weights of leaf and stem.

Generally, soft tissue hemorrhages in anterior part of the neck are attributed to the neck compression or trauma and suspicion goes more to homicidal death than suicide. Although artificial posterior neck hemorrhages are described as Prinsloo-Gordon phenomenon in cadavers with posterior lividity, studies conducted on such hemorrhages in the anterior and lateral compartments are rare. This study intends to investigate causes of death accompanied by soft tissue neck hemorrhages in different compartments of neck. In this retrospective case series, between March 2008 and 2009, cadavers whose autopsies indicated soft tissue neck hemorrhages and the lividity was dominant in posterior, were evaluated according to the cause of death and anatomical and histological locations of hemorrhage. Among 86 cases of neck hemorrhage, 72.1% (n=62) were male. Direct neck trauma, hanging, strangulation, chocking and positional asphyxia constituted 50% (n=43) of them, 40.7% (n=35) were non-asphyxial, non-traumatic deaths such as natural diseases, drug and CO poisoning, electrocution and drowning, and 9.3% (n=8) were unknown. 65.1% (n=28) of non-traumatic, non-asphyxial cases bore anterior or lateral neck hemorrhages. The considerable prevalence of soft neck tissue hemorrhages in non asphyxial deaths with no history of neck trauma and the location of such hemorrhages in anterior and lateral sides of neck, lead the investigators to pay more attention to interpret these hemorrhages and determining the mode and cause of death.

One of the most important problems in project scheduling applications is the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem (DTCTP). Due to real world resource-constraint situations in projects, this model is expanded to a multi-mode resource-constrained DTCTP model. In this model, each activity has multi modes to be performed. In each mode, the required resources for performing the activity are different, at least in one type. In addition, each activity can be done in either normal or crashing ways in each performing mode. The project cost consists of both direct and indirect costs. In this paper, we present the adjusted fuzzy dominance genetic algorithm to solve our proposed model. We explain the elements of the algorithm and solve some problems generated for this model, including large and small sizes, by this algorithm. The performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparison with four well-known algorithms; NSGAII, NRGA, PAES, MOIWO. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

In this study, an efficient and facile technique for preparing graphene oxide in suspension and powder forms was presented based on a modification on Hummers'' method followed by an additional ultrasonic process. The method involved the provision of graphene oxide from graphite by reaction of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid with stabilizing the medium complex. Furthermore, this study evaluated the functionality of graphene oxide in powder form in comparison with suspension using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, prepared graphene oxide powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction method for investigating the exfoliation of graphite to graphene nanosheets. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques were employed to demonstrate the structure of resulting graphene oxide in suspension form. The presence of graphene oxide nanosheets including an average thickness of about 2-4 nm was proved via microscopy observation of the prepared nanosheets.

In this article, we have studied the High speed semi-submersible vehicle with wings using the test results of some specific models and analyzed the hydrodynamic parameters and wave making resistance. The vehicle is called HSV (High speed Semi-submersible Vehicle with wings) here, is consisting of a main hull, main wings and a strut. The HSV floats at a certain draft like a conventional ship while it is still, and it submerged when it moves forward due to a downward lift force induced by the main wings. The lift force by the main wings at the various submergence depths remarkably reduces the wave making resistance. The wings contribute to reduce the wave making resistance by making the hall submerged and also through the cancellation of the waves generated by the hull. The hydrodynamics viewpoint, the estimation of the effective horsepower using the empirical methods and available equations for these vehicles is still not actually acceptable. However, it can be expected that the wave making resistance is still more reduced by the modification of the hull and wing forms. On the other hand, a half the estimated horsepower was frictional resistance component and an innovative means must be necessary for the frictional resistance to be reduced.

Dashnaxion (Dashnaktsutyun) party، together with some other Armenian parties that all had great excitement to set Armenians free، was established during the last years of 1880s. Considering the dominance the party obtained over the political life of Armenians in less than 10 days، it was not surprising that it can authorize the country in May 28، 1918، after Armenia declared its independence. Dashnaxion required theoretical background on Armenian independent government to be able to perform its political role. The present article، using a descriptive explanation، reveals that the party lacked any coherent and explicit theory on national government from 1890 to 1918، and during the time، in five separate periods it sometimes became close to the concept “national government” and sometimes far from that concept. Finally، after the independence of Armenia، the party was forced to lead the new government without previous preparation.

The agronomic types of the Iranian olives, which are distributed under a similar name, have different varieties. The molecular diversity of 46 olive tree samples of 10 cultivars (derived from two main olive cultivars, i.e. Rowghani and Gelooleh) was investigated in the initial phase of the present study using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with 20 markers. The study was carried out at the National Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NRCGEB). 53.1% of the marker were polymorphic. The obtained results were analyzed using NTSYS and SPSS software. During the second phase of the study, identical samples were omitted and the analysis was repeated using 20 RAPD markers. From among the 20 markers, 18 (79.5%) were polymorphic. Different techniques were applied for measuring the similarity matrix and cluster analysis. The best cluster was obtained from Dice similarity matrix and the UPGMA procedure. The average similarity coefficient obtained from Dice similarity materix indicated that the cultivars were not that much diverse. Analyzing the main characteristics of the olive cultivars differentiated them appropriately. The results of the cluster analysis confirmed the outcome of the morphologic analysis to a great extent. Generally speaking, conducting a molecular experiment along with the morpholic categorization appears essential. The RAPD markers were appropriately applied for the morphological analysis during the initial phase of the study. The obtained results can be further confirmed and analyzed using other markers.

In this article, the role of nano-size calcium carbonate in penetration resistance of medium- density polyethylene (PE) was investigated through experiments. In order to study the penetration resistance of PE and its nanocomposites,perforation test was carried out. The results of tests showed that penetration resistance depends strongly on calcium carbonate amount. As a matter of fact, addition of CaCO3 to PE increases resistance against penetration as CaCO3 amount reaches to 5 percent of weight. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the damage and plastic zone around the perforated area in all the samples including neat polyethylene and its nanocomposites. The plastic zone was measured using an image analysis as an effective technique. The results of image analysis techniques proved that the addition of calcium carbonate to PE makes a damaged zone around the perforated area. The results of microscopic evaluations showed that the area of plastic zone rises as the amount of calcium carbonate increases up to 7.5 percent of weight. By increasing the amount of CaCO3, resistance against penetration decreases more and some micro cracks appear around the perforated area. For further clarification of the fracture mechanism of MDPE nanocomposites, scanning electron microscopy was employed. Fracture surface images showed that when calcium carbonate is higher than 5 percent of weight, agglomeration of nanoparticles occurs, resulting in lower resistance against penetration to the samples.

Operability analysis as one of the most important bridges between process design and process control helps the process designer to investigate the control issues quite early in the design stage. Recently, Vinson and Georgakis suggested a steady state geometrical operability index as a quantitative measure for assessment of process operability. In this paper, DME fixed-bed reactor is heterogeneously modeled based on mass and energy conservation law at steady state condition. To verify the accuracy of the model, simulation results of the conventional reactor is compared with the available industrial plant data. It is observed that there is a good agreement between the simulation result and the plant data. Then, the steady state operability characteristics of DME reactor have been analyzed by using the framework of Vinson and Georgakis. This paper demonstrates the utility of the approach to industrial chemical reactors. By measuring the operability characteristics of the reactor, the input and output operability index of the process is calculated equal to 43.31% and 57.58% respectively. The results showed the low process ability for creation of desired output by available input.

Two different ages (15 and 18) have been defined by the Iranian Law as the minimum age for employment. More-over، workers aged 15-18 have been referred to as ''adolescent workers'' and special conditions have been set for their employment and work. However، there are some considerati-ons in the Labor Act which challenges with regard to children''s and adole-scents'' working. For example، articles 188، 191، and 189 of the Act provide grounds for the exemption of family workshops and businesses، workshops or firms with less than 10 employees، and certain activities in the agricultural sector from parts of the Act. The above mentioned exemptions، deprive many children and adolescents who are working in the private sector from their welfare rights since the majority of them are working in family busi-nesses، small firms (mainly owned and managed by family members and relatives)، and the agricultural sector. The present paper addresses this issue using a descriptive-analytical method، indicating relevant gaps in the coun-try''s legal system.

Due to sensitivity of organic compound in milk to heat and evaporation process, milkusually concentrates in equipments with low residence time and high efficiency such as falling film evaporator. Generally, in this process due to large time delay and disturbances, the tight exact and proper control of product concentration is difficult and important. In this study, to improve the controller performance in falling film evaporator process and elimination of controller offset, a proper structure consists of LMPC and PI controller is proposed. First, a three-effect falling film evaporator is modeled and simulated at dynamic state and then, the proposed control algorithm is applied on process and results of proposed hybrid method are compared with results of conventional PID control. The Simulation results showed that the proposed structure is significantly capable in control of outlet concentration from multi effect falling film evaporators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training developmental family life cycle tasks on student's marital satisfaction. Sample consisted of 30 married students who were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a ten session training program, which was related to developmental family life tasks. The control group did not get any training

One of the common methods to cure unsaturated polyester resins is to use dualinitiators. In order to produce an appropriate composite, it is necessary toknow the effect of dual initiators on curing behavior. In this paper the effectof benzoyl peroxide, BPO, and tertiary butyl perbenzoate, TBPB, and their mixtures onthermal curing of an unsaturated polyester resin have been investigated. BPO and TBPBare medium and high temperature initiators, respectively. SPI and DSC tests have beenused for this evaluation.

Background and Several studies have demonstrated, that atypical antipsychotics attenuate cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia more than first generation of antipsychotics. Because there was no comprehensive and reliable study on evaluating these effects in Iranian population, the research group decided to compare the effects of haloperidol and risperidone, both Iranian drug laboratorie's products, on the cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. 66 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, according to DSM-IVTR criteria, who were hospitalized in Razi's Psychiatric Center, Tehran, were included in the study. After 2 weeks of wash-out period, patients were randomized in two groups, treated with haloperidol and risperidone, and in 8 week period basic and weekly MMSE were performed for all. Both drugs improved cognitive symptoms of patients, and the course of improvement started in the 2nd week of treatment with no significant statistical difference. The study didnt confirm the preferentiality of risperidone vs. haloperidol on the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, which was demonstrated in western articles. Therefore, choosing each drug for treating patients must fulfill on other goals, such as the profile of their side effects.