فهرست مطالب mehdi arabsalehi

The representation theory explains how the board is formed, the characteristics of the board, and the selection of directors. All of these events underline better financial performance. The shareholders have empowered managers to set the company’s goals and they employ various tools one of which is managerial accounting to achieve those goals. In this study, using the information of 27 top listed companies in 1398, data related to innovative managerial accounting techniques were collected through a 19 item questionnaire designed by researchers. Data related to performance measurement were collected from Codal site the results of the research revealed that the size of the board of directors has no effect on the mediating role of innovative managerial accounting techniques and this can be attributed to the amendment of Article 107 of the Commercial Code. Also, the non-duty of the chairman of the board has been confirmed by considering the mediating role of innovative managerial accounting techniques, which can indicate the impact of using new methods. The issue of the CEO's membership in the board has not been confirmed by the mediating role of innovative managerial accounting techniques. According to the research findings, it is suggested that major shareholders, take into account the impact of the mentioned characteristics, in selecting the board of directors in order to achieve better performance.

Stock price garners considerable attention from internal (financial and executive managers) and external (creditors and shareholders) users. Shareholders invest in the company’s stock to gain profitable returns. Cash holding level is among the most important determinants of firm value (stock price). Managers might invest the excess cash in non-profitable projects and reduce the firm value. However, studying corporate governance mechanisms and ownership structure can control such managerial behaviors. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of corporate governance, ownership structure, and cash holding on firm value. The sample comprises 35 companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange via a systematic sampling method. Multiple regression models and panel data analyzed the data. Findings show that corporate governance and cash holding affect the value of Iraqi companies, but ownership structure does not significantly affect firm value. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact of corporate governance, ownership structure, and cash flow on the value of Iraqi companies. Despite earlier studies, this study uses the composite index to evaluate corporate governance.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the added value of intellectual capital, the efficiency of human capital, with an emphasis on growth and their effect on the growth of export income per capita of employees in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The export performance of companies is influenced by various internal and external factors. Some of the internal factors include knowledge of target markets and presence in international production networks, which are among the knowledge capital of companies. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of nature and method. In order to calculate the intellectual capital, the coefficient of added value of the intellectual capital has been used, and to calculate the export, the ratio of export sales to the total sales of the company has been used. Hypotheses have been tested using linear regression. The statistical population is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. A statistical sample of 178 companies was selected between 2016 and 2020. The results show that there is a positive relationship between intellectual capital, human capital efficiency and export income. Also, there is a positive relationship between the growth of human capital and the growth of export earnings. However, contrary to the initial expectation, no evidence was found that the growth of intellectual capital is effective on the growth of export income. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken through ways such as proper corporate governance, timely and proper policy making. It is suggested that the accounting standards give a special role and importance to intellectual capital (as a factor influencing the added value of the company).

The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398, considering the effect of the type of industry on the performance of these models. done. To carry out this research, the statistical sample, which included 105 companies, was divided into two groups: strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Then the aforementioned models were compared in relation to strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Also, the performance of each model was compared between strategic and non-strategic industries. The results of running the models and carrying out T-tests and variance analysis show that in strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by the models of discounting cash profits and discounting cash flows have the highest correlation with the stock market value. But in non-strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by any of the studied models had no significant correlation with the stock market value. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient of the intrinsic values estimated by all four models except the residual profit model with the stock market value was significantly higher in strategic industries than in non-strategic industries. The results show that in the Tehran Stock Exchange, profit cash items as well as cash flows are accepted more than other accounting information as criteria for buying and selling stocks. Also, the results of the research show that the profits and cash flows of companies active in strategic industries are more stable than in non-strategic industries.

The present study has been conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach and to provide a model for determining the tax transparency score of companies. The statistical population of the study was tax experts and university professors who were selected by non-random sampling and the interview with them continued until theoretical saturation (18 people), In addition to the interviews conducted in order to increase the credibility and comprehensiveness of the research, the available documents and documents regarding tax reporting, tax avoidance and tax evasion have been carefully studied, reviewed and analyzed Also, the statistical population in the quantitative section, university professors, financial managers, Independent auditors, and tax officials that 36 people were randomly selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The data collection tool was semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and the best-worst method (BWM) in the quantitative part of the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire best-worst for each category of dimensions and variables, the compatibility rate was calculated. Based on the results, 32 effective factors in the form of six dimensions of corporate governance, auditing factors, strategy factors, financial ratios, general characteristics, and social factors on tax transparency of companies were identified, and based on these factors, a model was provided to determine the transparency score of Iranian companies. The results show that corporate governance and social factors have the greatest impact on corporate tax transparency.

Utilizing new models instead of traditional statistical models can be quite useful in this field. Examples include data mining, which possesses both high speed and accuracy as well as nonlinear and non-parametric properties Therefore, in the present study, the effects of performance criteria on social responsibility disclosure level was investigated and analyzed via utilization of data mining, Henceforth, a model will be presented aiming to estimate/project the optimal level of social responsibility disclosure grounded on performance criteria. The present study is applied in terms of its nature and purpose/objective as well as based on the field research method of data collection. The statistical population are companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the required data were collected and analyzed using six data mining methods during the 2013-2019 period. The findings reveal it is possible to classify and predict the optimal level of corporate social responsibility disclosure within the Iranian economic circumstances/environment. Moreover, the utilization of the classification algorithm in the vicinity of the nearest neighbor can accurately predict the optimal level of corporate social responsibility disclosure based on performance criteria. The findings of this study indicate that performance metrics can be a positive predictor of the optimal level of corporate social responsibility disclosure. In addition, due to the potent strength of the proposed model, the used model in this research can be utilized to rank/rate the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Financial statement information is one of the potential sources used by auditors to assess the entity's going-concern determination. However, the numbers reported in the financial statements may not fully reflect all available information about entity's performance. Therefore, auditors' attention to non-financial factors is necessary when assessing the going-concern client. Earning management through manipulation of real activities can be one of the non-financial factors that are relevant to the likelihood of auditors’ going-concern opinions considering its detrimental consequences on the long-term performance of the company, especially those with poor financial health. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of real earning management on the going-concern audit opinion for financially distressed firms. To achieve the research goal, the information related to 194 financially distressed firm-years listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) was collected for the period 2009-2019. The results showed that real earning management through operating cash flows and manipulation of discretionary expenses has a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of the going-concern uncertainty paragraph in the audit report; However, no evidence was found on the significant effect of real earning management through manipulation of production costs on the likelihood of the going-concern uncertainty paragraph in the audit report.

One of the main and most important sources of information for decision makers, especially external users, is the reports and financial statements of companies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the personality traits affecting the financial reporting of managers and companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.For this purpose, a sample consisting of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2014 to the end of 2018 was selected. After studying the theoretical foundations of research topics and formulate research hypotheses, collect and prepare data sets used by researchers and eventually hypotheses using structural equation modeling approach tested and analyzed.The results show that personality traits have a significant effect on the financial reporting of managers and companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. thus Investors as well as the board of directors of companies are advised to consider the personality traits and components of financial intelligence of the person or persons in question at an acceptable level in selecting financial managers.

Organizational culture is the starting point for movement and dynamism. Also, many experts consider organizational culture as the most fundamental context of change and organizational change in line with the new programs.The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational culture on financial performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange through innovative managerial accounting techniques. Target sample consists of 27 of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in 1398. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data. The first questionnaire was designed by the researchers and contained 19 questions related to managerial accounting techniques in the domains of Activity-Based Costing, Balanced Scorecard, Kaizen and Target Costing. The second questionnaire was adopted from Denison’s model and contained 60 question in the domains of Involvement, Consistency, Adaptability and Mission. Collected data were analyzed using the structural Equations Model. The findings of the study show that the organizational culture had effect on the financial performance. However, by adding the innovative managerial accounting techniques as a mediator, the findings demonstrated the effect of innovative managerial accounting techniques on organizational culture on financial performance. The findings of this study provide the shareholders with valuable information in electing board of directors in line with improvement of the company’s financial performance

In financial markets, the effect of profitability anomaly, distress anomaly, lotterynees anomaly and idiosyncratic volatility have been investigated individually. However, the potential relationship among these anomalies have not been analyzed yet. Recently it has been raised that growth options effect on the symmetry of the return distribution function and it can describe the potential relationship among anomalies and risk premium of anomalies. This relationship has been investigated in this research by use of the statistical properties governing over third order moments of return distribution function and isolating expected idiosyncratic skewness derived from growth options. For this purpose, data of 114 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were collected during 2011 to 2016. Hypotheses were tested using portfolio approach and alpha evaluation of factor models. The findings shows that there is relationship between profitability, distress, lotteryness, idiosyncratic volatility and stock return, but the common capital asset pricing models cannot explain premium risk of these anomalies. These findings confirm profitability, lotteryness, distress and idiosyncratic volatility puzzle indirectly in the capital market of Iran and show that investors can earn extra return by using these anomalies.

Previous research on the impact of the auditor's tenure on earnings quality has had conflicting results. Based on the independence hypothesis, some researchers believe that increasing auditor tenure reduces the earnings quality. According to the specialty hypothesis, some researchers believe that increasing the tenure of an auditor leads to an increase in the earnings quality. In this study, to evaluate these two competing perspectives, the information asymmetry Between auditor and manager was used as a moderating variable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of auditor's tenure on earnings quality under of information asymmetry between auditor and manager. For this purpose, the financial information of 103 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2018 was used. Data analysis was done by panel regression model. The results indicate that the auditor's tenure has a positive effect on earnings quality. The results also showed that the auditor tenure in firms with a higher level of information asymmetry between auditor and manager results in greater earnings quality.

A review of the accounting theoretical literature confirms the role of CEO human capital as a valuable intangible asset for the company. The purpose of this study is to determine the effective criteria on the CEO human capital and to explain a comprehensive and multi-criteria model for measuring the CEO human capital of Iranian corporate and evaluate the impact of that on the Earnings Forecasts Quality. For this purpose, firstly, the CEO human capital criteria were identified according to Iranian information environment and experts' opinions regarding the weight and importance of each of these criteria collected through a questionnaire and explained using the Shannon entropy technique of comprehensive CEO human capital model. Then, using the proposed model, the CEO human capital index was calculated for a sample of 70 the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2017 and the impact of CEO human capital on Earnings Forecasts Quality was tested by estimating the regression model. The results of the research show that Education level, work experience (tenure) and industry-related field of study are recognized by the CEO as important criteria from the experts' point of view. Also, the results of the analysis of the research hypothesis showed that the improvement of the CEO human capital index has a positive effect on the horizon of earning forecast and reduces the bias of earning forecast. While the impact of the CEO human capital on the error of earning forecast and the range of earning forecast was not confirmed.

Dividend decisions is one of the most complex and important financial decisions of Managers. Thus, identifying factors affecting firms' dividend is very important. Financial markets and information generated in these markets are two important factors affecting firms' dividend. Abnormal Stock returns and Private information in stock prices are useful and effective information on firms' dividend that financial markets provides to managers. The main aim of this study is investigation into the effect of abnormal stock returns and Private information in stock prices on dividend changes, and also the effect of Private information in stock prices on the relationship between abnormal stock returns and dividend changes. For doing so, required data collected from a target sample which consists of 109 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006 to 2015(1385- 1394 Iranian calendar).Collected data were analyzed using multivariable regression through panel data method.Results of the research indicated that abnormal stock returns have a positive effect on the changes of dividend payments but private information in stock prices has a negative effect on dividend changes. Results also show that the effect of abnormal return on dividends changes decreases when stock prices convey more private information.

The purpose of this study was to Evaluating credit Auditing Risk by Data Mining Approach in banks listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the year of 2017 that has been developed based on data taken from 200 people who take out a loan of bank. Credit risk is the probable risk of loss resulting from a borrower's failure to repay a loan or meet contractual obligations. Traditionally, it refers to the risk that a lender may not receive the owed principal and interest, which results in an interruption of cash flows and increased costs for banks. Although it is impossible to know exactly who will default on obligations, properly assessing and managing credit risk can lessen the severity of loss. In auditing Extracting appropriate information from infinite number of data requires modern methods. Data mining is one of these tools and approaches. The research methodology is descriptive -survival and it can be considered as a type of applied research in terms of nature and content. The important inputs variables have been defined in feed forward neural network are annual income, Deposits go throw, house, job, Work experience, Family status, and check book status. In this research one major hypothesis were set forth. After completing the research and doing graphical tests in data mining technique, the research hypothesis was confirmed. Finding show that data mining technique has precise of 97 percentages approximately.

The present study examines and models factors influencing the use of environmental management accounting tools from the financial managers and their assistants’ point of view in the Iranian oil refineries and petrochemical companies. For the purpose of the study, five hypotheses were developed and tested using the models of structural equations. The required data were also collected by a questionnaire. According to the financial managers and based on their assistants’ point of view, limited resources and lack of financial support, specialist human resources, knowledge, support of management, the complexity of the tools, and the ability to create comparative advantages are the factors affecting the use of environmental management accounting tools. The findings of the fifth hypothesis also show that except sex, all of the personal characteristics of financial managers and financial managers’ assistants, such as professional experience, field of study, academic qualification, and age have a significant impact on some effective factors in using the environmental management accounting tools.

Logical investment decisions require attention to different factors and different criteria at the same time. This goal can be achieved using various methods and algorithms. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal stock portfolio model using a combination of data envelopment analysis methods, anomaly clustering algorithm and MLP neural networks.The statistical population of the research is the accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 1386 to 1396. To create an optimal stock portfolio, all available criteria were grouped to reach the optimal stock portfolio.Then, the results were compared in different approaches based on the Sharp ratio. The results of the research indicate that using the combination of data envelopment analysis, anomaly clustering, MLP neural networks and accounting metrics in the provision of an optimal portfolio of stocks led to Increasing Sharp's ratio compared to other approaches (Risk and Efficiency, Value-Based, and Balanced Scorecard). In general, the simultaneous use of hybrid optimization techniques and comprehensive criteria derived from accounting reports can provide a more efficient basket of portfolios and more desirability for the investors.

Under uncertainty, investors do not have enough information about the firm's future cash flows and there is ambiguity about future state of the market. In this situation, according to Bayes' rule, when the market receives information signals (such as firms’ earnings announcements), it may reduce uncertainty and results in more investors' reaction to earnings announcement. The purpose of this study is investigating investors' reaction to unexpected earnings under market uncertainty.
For doing so, a sample of 162 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1384 to 1394 have been selected. Two methods (the computational formula and GARCH method) were used for calculating market uncertainty.
The results of hypotheses test indicated when market uncertainty is high (compared to lower uncertainty), investors’ reaction to earnings announcement is more. Also, under high market uncertainty, investors display more reaction to bad news that this response is consistent with the conservatism approach.

The purpose of the present study is to develop a comprehensive optimal portfolio model using accounting information analysis, value-based information and balanced scorecard information. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007-2017. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the formulation of dimensionality reduction, data envelopment analysis methods, backing vector machines, and clustering algorithms were used. The above model was implemented in four steps and in each step besides risk and return component, accounting criteria, value based criteria and financial criteria and then non-financial balanced scorecard were used as input step by step portfolio model. The findings of the research indicate that the criteria used in the research for optimizing the portfolio of stocks have informational content and the addition of each set of criteria leads to an increase in the efficiency of the portfolio. This information content of the balanced scorecard is even more impressive. Overall, the simultaneous application of hybrid optimization methods and comprehensive benchmarks extracted from financial reports resulted in a more optimized portfolio and higher risk-taking and Markovitz literature returns.

Anomaly is deviation from common rules. In finance; it can be defined as a pattern in the average of stock returns that is not consistent with the prevailing asset pricing models literature. For anomaly investigation, two common methods are used: portfolio approach and individual firm approach. The aim of this study is to examine accounting anomalies of Fama and French three-factor model at the individual firm level due to the weaknesses of the portfolio approach. The sample consists of 1150 firm – year (13800 firm-month) observations in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2008-2017. Bayesian approach and standard Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation have been used to test hypotheses. The results of the research show that size, book value to market value, profitability, asset growth, working capital accrual items, investments, net stock issuance and external financing, cannot be interpreted as anomaly for Fama and French three factors model when the test is at the individual firm level.

Systemic risk occurs when failure or crisis in a particular segment of a market propagates to other segments and develops into a pervasive crisis, so that the loss incurred by one or more influential major institutions spreads to others.The precise and timely identification of systemic risk is an indispensable necessity in each country's financial system to prevent a financial crisis. In this regard, this study seeks to evaluate the systemic risk in Iran financial system.
In the present study, we try to evaluate the systemic risk in the financial system of the country including banks, investment and insurance companies between 2011 and 2017 using Granger Causality Network method.
According to the results of this study, banking and insurance sectors have the highest and lowest systemic risk, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the systemic relationship between financial institutions changes over time. Finally, the Rank regression was used to validate the results of the research and it was found that the extracted results enjoy adequate validity.
The results showed that, among the three sectors, banking sector imposed the largest impacts on others indicating high level of systemic risk in this sector. In other words, as a part of financial system of the country, banking system is of higher systemic importance than the other sectors, so that a possible crisis in this sector may easily spread to other sectors given its relatively large influence on other sectors.

Under uncertainty, there is an ambiguity about future state of the firms and capital market. In this situation, the arrival of any information signals such as earnings announcements may reduce uncertainty and leads to a revision of the previous beliefs of investors. However, more accurate information signals have a stronger effect on investors' beliefs. The purpose of this study is investigating investors’ reaction to earnings announcement with considering market and information uncertainty. Required data collected from a sample of 162 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 1384 to 1394. Hypotheses were examined by using panel data and regression method. Results showed the higher market uncertainty, the more investors' response to firms’ earnings announcements. Results show, the higher information uncertainty, the less investors' response to firms’ earnings announcements. Moreover simultaneous analysis of the "market and information" uncertainty on the investors' reactions to earnings announcements showed although investors' responses to earnings announcements decreases on the high information uncertainty situation, but unexpectedly, the coefficient of unexpected earnings in the high market uncertainty is less than its coefficient in the low market uncertainty.

Sustainability of company is a general management concept that assures the continuity of activities of company and supports the long-term economic success of that. With regard to the importance of concept of sustainability in the recent century, this study aims to investigate the effects of disclosure of the extent of sustainability indicators on earnings quality for the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) in the years 2011- 2016. Since, at present, there is not any mandatory requirements and regulations about the disclosure of sustainability indicators in Iran, the disclosure of such indicators for the companies in TSE is at a low level. The required data for this study came from annual reports of board of directors, financial statements and websites of the sample companies from the TSE.
Results from Panel data EGLS regression showed that disclosure of the extent of sustainability indicators, in general, has positive and significant effects on earnings quality. Also, findings showed that among the three dimensions of sustainability, the indicators relating to social and economic dimensions have negative and significant effects on earnings quality while that relating to environment dimension has positive and significant effects on earnings quality.

The purpose of this study is investigating the role of accounting information uncertainty on investors’ reaction to earnings announcement, as well as investors’ reaction to good earnings news. For doing so, a sample of 162 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1384 to 1394 have been selected. Three criteria including information quality, cash flows’ uncertainty (traditional and matched- firm method) were used for calculating the information uncertainty. The results of hypotheses test indicated when there is high information uncertainty (compared to low uncertainty), investors’ reaction to earnings announcement is less. Also, under high uncertainty, investors display less reaction to good news that this response is consistent with the conservatism approach.

Due to the limited resources, in addition to the level of investment, it should be considered investment efficiency in decision making. The inefficiency of investment undermines the company's good performance and ultimately leads to a reduction in value creation for the shareholders of the company. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the weakness of domestic controls on the inefficiency of investment in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, data about 106 Tehran Stock Exchange members were used for the period from 2011 to 2015. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression technique was used by using panel data. The results of the research hypothesis test indicate that weakness of internal controls has a negative and significant effect on the investment level of companies. Other findings suggest that the weakness of internal controls has a positive and significant effect on over-investment and lower investment (inefficiency). Therefore, managers need to implement measures to increase the quality of internal control of the company in order not to face the lack of financial resources and the use of investment opportunities.