mehdi mirzaei

Prayer is the common chapter of all martyrs' wills. The goal is to examine the manifestation of prayer in the wills of the martyrs of Ilam province and to derive educational points from it in the form of educational components and methods. The research method was a library type and in the form of slip writing that 52 wills of martyrs were collected in the documents of the National Congress of 3000 Martyrs of Ilam Province in the year 2021. The results showed that the educational components resulting from the martyrs' wills in the field of prayer include: attention and importance to prayer as a pillar and flag of religion, constant participation in Friday prayers and congregations, attention to performing the first prayer on time, attention to the purity of intention in Prayer, emphasizing the importance of prayer as a barrier against the negative propaganda of the enemies against the religious and spiritual beliefs of the Islamic Revolution, reading the prayer correctly, performing prayer together with prayer and appeal, paying attention to the meanings, understanding and understanding the messages of the prayer, paying attention to the practice of Prayer and finally pay attention to the harmful effects of neglecting prayer. It was also found that educational methods such as preaching and warning, encouragement and persuasion, admonition and preaching, meditation and calculation were more observed in the wills of martyrs regarding prayer. At the end, practical suggestions are provided.

This study deals with the design and experimental implementation of an adaptive actuator failure compensator for a spacecraft attitude control simulator in the presence of unknown actuator failures and uncertainties. The adaptive actuator failure compensation controller is designed using the backstepping method, which considers uncertainties in the time of occurrence, values, and failure patterns. The adaptive backstepping control method is designed to compensate for the uncertainties of the actuator failure by incorporating the inertia matrix and the distribution matrix. The stability analysis of the proposed adaptive controller for the dynamics of the spacecraft simulator with actuator failures has been carried out. Simulation results and laboratory studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in the presence of stuck, sinusoidal, and complete failures in the spacecraft attitude control simulator system. The results indicate the good performance of the proposed method in the presence of unknown actuator failures and model uncertainties in the system.

This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of the extended state observer (ESO) for a fabricated quarter-car suspension platform with a McPherson mechanism equipped with different sensors. This algorithm aims to estimate uncertainties and road input, and determines an accurate dynamic model for the vehicle suspension system. In the proposed method, the terms including uncertainties and unknown road input are added to the system as new state variables. Then, using data of sprung mass and unsprung mass displacements, these uncertainties and unknown inputs are estimated along with other state variables of the system. A nonlinear Kalman filter with unknown input is also designed to be compared with the ESO. The comparison results using the experimental data with measurement errors indicate the high accuracy of the ESO in constructing a precise dynamic model for the system. Meanwhile, the ESO uses fewer sensors and its regulation is easier. Both observers are used within the structure of active suspension system under an optimal nonlinear controller to provide the objectives of the suspension system. Co-simulation results of Adams/MATLAB show the better performance of the proposed controller using the ESO.

This paper compares spacecraft attitude control in the presence of disturbance torque using an adaptive backstepping controller and an extended state observer-based backstepping controller. Firstly, the adaptive backstepping controller is designed, in which the unknown parameters in a specific disturbance model are estimated using an adaptive law so that the closed-loop system is stable. Afterward, the backstepping control based on the extended state observer is designed. In this approach, the standard backstepping controller is initially designed, and then disturbances with a completely unknown model are estimated by the extended state observer, and the disturbance is rejected by applying the feed-forward law. The simulation results for two different disturbance models show that the backstepping controller based on the extended state observer demonstrates very good results compared to the adaptive backstepping controller when no disturbance information is available. This is for the reason that the extended state observer estimates the uncertainties more accurately.

This study deals with the design and experimental implementation of an adaptive feedback linearization controller for a flexible joint lever-arm (FJLA) in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. An extended state observer is proposed to upgrade the reduced-order model to an accurate and reliable model with the same order. In the proposed method, the uncertainties and external disturbances are assumed as an extended state and the link position information is used to estimate this state in combination with the angular velocity of the link states. The control system designed based on the proposed observer can adapt itself to real conditions, and use enough information about uncertainties and disturbances. The proposed controller with and without using the observer is examined on a fabricated flexible-joint lever arm. The results indicate that the uncertainties and disturbances are well estimated online for being used in the controller. Therefore, the proposed adaptive controller using just one sensor has a higher accuracy in controlling the position of the FJLA under different trajectories. Also, the proposed control method is fast and suitable for online implementation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the experience of cultural globalization (based on the three indicators of using foreign music, using foreign media, and individualism) and consuming western clothing.

The type of research was descriptive and the method was survey. The statistical population included all female undergraduate students of Shiraz University in the academic year of 2022-23, of which 384 of them who responded came from colleges of economics, management, social sciences, literature and humanities who were selected trhough random multi-stage cluster sampling.

Based on data analysis, it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of foreign music and the consumption of western media (B=0.459), and between the use of foreign media and the consumption of western media. There is a positive and significant relationship with medium intensity (B=0.563); and finally, there was a positive and significant relationship between individualism and consumption of western clothing with relatively high intensity (B=0.667). In addition, the results showed that the three variables of using foreign music, using foreign media, and individualism (as indicators of cultural globalization) were able to explain and predict about 52% of the changes related to the dependent variable (consumption of western clothing).

Based on the findings, it is suggested that the cultural policy makers, while taking the necessary measures to promote the media literacy of the youth, should make some kind of contextual adjustment in the direction of using satellite networks, in relation to the representation of the interests and tastes of the young generation in the programs of the domestic networks. To prevent the influence of culturally heterogeneous elements, the necessary investment should be applied in the direction of good music productions according to the taste of young people. Finally, in the field of Islamic-Iranian clothes, a variety of new and diverse designs according to the taste of women should be considered.

Motivation is the main driving factor for human motivation that can play a role in identifying, supporting, growing, developing and directing human power. The most important job for teachers as Sharif, the most important job in the society and human builders of the future, on the one hand, and the lack of sufficient knowledge of research factors to promote their motivation and career development, on the other hand, is the main issue of the present issue. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of motivation of teachers in multi-grade elementary schools in Musian region and comparing it with secondary level teachers and its relationship with their performance and professional development. For this purpose, using a researcher-made questionnaire, whose construct validity was checked and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis, a census of teachers was conducted, and finally, out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 310 questionnaires were returned and became the basis of the analysis. The results showed that job motivation is insignificant and low in the majority of teachers in both primary and secondary schools. Examining the relationship between job motivation factors and demographic variables such as gender, educational qualification and teaching experience shows that there is no significant relationship between these variables. Therefore, the inadequacy of career motivation is observed in the majority of primary and secondary school teachers with various levels of educational qualifications, gender, backgrounds and different career stages.

This paper addresses the design and experimental evaluation of a proportional-derivative-integral (PID) controller, employing a Smith predictor, for a lever arm platform with time-delay. The primary focus is on identifying the system transfer function with time-delay, which is then utilized to predict the actual delay-free output of the system using the Smith estimator. Consequently, the PID controller parameters can be established based on the delay-free portion of the model. The performance of different versions of the proposed controller is assessed through various experiments on the lever arm platform. The results obtained demonstrate good tracking performance for the arm position when operating under the designed controller, even in the presence of a delay caused by the DC motor acting as the system actuator.

One of the most important cultural, artistic and educational programs that should be followed up and implemented every year in education is the hymn of the singers of Fajr of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In different parts of this national and religious anthem, the bravery and protection of the martyrs of the Islamic Revolution of Iran have been mentioned. This school activity, as its name suggests, is a hymn in the form of a group performance that must be performed live on 22 Bahman (Februray11), and this work requires planning, accuracy, time, cost, and of course, the coordination and efforts of all executive officials. The most important of them are the educators and then the students. The initial conditions showed that, unfortunately, the students were indifferent to this matter. In the investigations conducted through questions and answers, questionnaires and interviews with the students, we learned about the reasons for their lack of motivation, the most important of which are: the absence of a teacher. Sufficient education in the schools in question, problems with sound systems, lack of knowledge about the importance and impact of Fajar Hamsorayan hymns, lack of involvement of the school's executive staff, lack of suitable and close hymns in terms of content and in tune with Fajr Hamsorayan hymns. Finally, after taking appropriate measures in the school, such as: accurate time planning, formation of the executive headquarters of Hamsorayan Fajr hymn, provision of necessary and sufficient facilities, emphasizing the maximum presence of agents and conducting regular exercises and training classes related to Fajr Hamsorayan hymn, students The singers of Fajr of the Islamic Revolution of Iran became interested in the performance of the anthem, and its efficiency and effectiveness increased to a considerable extent in the direction of spreading the culture of resistance, sacrifice and martyrdom, which are the main themes of this anthem.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactions between forage source (alfalfa hay vs. wheat straw) and particle size (fine vs. large) on growth performance, starter intake and ruminal fermentation of Holstein dairy calves. For this purpose, 48 Holstein dairy calves in a completely randomized block design (6 males and 6 females for each treatment) with 2 × 2 factorial arrangements were allocated to experimental diets including: 1) alfalfa hay with fine particle size, 2) alfalfa hay with long particle size, 3) wheat straw with fine particle size, and 4) wheat straw with long particle size. Calves entered the trial on d 4 and the trial lasted on d 70 of the age. Results showed that there was no interaction between forage source and particle size on growth performance, starter intake and feed efficiency of Holstein dairy calves during the all three periods. Skeletal growth characteristics were not affected by experimental diets. Results indicate that ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate molar proportions were similar across treatments. In general, our findings indicate that the different source and particle size of forage had similar effects on performance, skeletal growth and ruminal fermentation in the Holstein dairy calves.

In this study, the effect of electronic banking and human capital on the profitability of banks and the moderating role of human capital in the effectiveness of electronic banking on profitability were investigated. For this purpose, data from 16 banks for the years 2011 to 2019 and generalized method of moments were used. The results of estimation of regression show that the expansion of electronic banking and human capital on the profitability of selected banks has been positive and significant and human capital further increases the bank's ability to enjoy the benefits of electronic banking.

One of the most important challenges in using active vehicle suspension systems is the high energy consumption of these types of systems. The use of the energy harvesting system is one of the ways to reduce energy consumption in active suspension. In this paper, by designing a new optimal controller of the vehicle's active suspension system and the energy harvesting system, their interaction with them has been investigated. The active control loop calculates the required force to realize the desired mechanical performance. The method is based on the constrained nonlinear predictive control algorithm obtained from the continuous model of the system. Also, the mechanical indices of the suspension system, including travel comfort and road-holding, are managed by the weight coefficients defined in the active control algorithm. The effect of the weight coefficients on the maximum harvesting of energy, while achieving the desired mechanical performance is another issue that has been addressed in this article. The simulation results for two types of the road show that the proper use of the active control algorithm leads to the realization of the desired mechanical performance along with the maximum harvesting of energy.  Also, the external energy consumption of the active control system is significantly reduced.

In recent years, an outbreak of a new coronavirus, scientifically known as SARS-CoV-2, has led to a worldwide new infectious disease called Covid-19. Based on some reports, this virus stays after infection in the feces and consequently in the wastewater up to seven months, so examining its presence in the wastewater can be useful to understand how the disease is distributed in different parts of the city or region. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different parts of the Shahroud city wastewater collection network and treatment plant.

The 35 wastewater samples were collected from different partsof the wastewater collection network and wastewater treatment plant of Shahroud city. The samples were immediately transferred to the SARS-CoV-2 reference laboratory and concentrated by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. After extraction of the virus genome, the viral genome was amplified to check the presence of this virus by PCR method.

The results showed that 11 of the 35 wastewater collected samples were positive. All samples taken from the influent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant were positive. Also, except for one, in all of the samples taken from the effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant and Imam Hossein (AS) Hospital wastewater plant, coronavirus was observed. However, only one sample taken from the wastewater collection network of Shahroud city was positive.

Due to the confirmation of the presence of Coronavirus in the wastewater collection network and treatment plant, regular monitoring of municipal wastewater is recommended to predict the spread of a new wave of disease in the community.

Albumin is a liver synthesized protein and the most abundant non-glycosylated plasma protein with a molecular weight of 66 kDa and 585 amino acids. It works as a preservative to maintain plasma volume, osmotic blood pressure, and microvascular integrity. It also works as a blood carrier for endogenous and exogenous substances, improving the stability and survival of drugs and components by corona protein formation around them. However, the presence of different albumin preservatives and stabilizers that can affect other blood cells and binding of preservatives to albumin caused a lower binding capacity of commercial albumin that needs to be addressed. Nowadays nanotechnology is considered a promising field of research in biology and biological products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to review the effects of polymeric nanoparticles on the stability and function of albumin products. A literature review was performed on the publications available on the subject matter from 2011 to 2021. The keywords in different combinations such as “polymeric nanoparticles”, “nanoparticles”, “stability”, and “serum albumin” were searched in databases of PubMed and Scopus. The collected data were then analyzed. According to review results, PLGA, a negatively charged polymer, with lower molecular weight can be introduced as an effective candidate for enhancing albumin stability. Also, it can be concluded that while some cationic nanoparticles can increase the thermal stability of albumin, they have no favorable effects on the albumin structure; thus, they must be modified structurally to be applicable for the production of albumin products.

This research is an applied and non-experimental type of research. The statistical method is also the factor analysis method. The data collection tool is a direct and targeted interview with the trainers. The results showed that the most important virtual and electronic professional qualifications of trainers in the days of Corona are respectively: technical qualifications including: development of infrastructure and supply of hardware and electronic equipment, content production and software programs and educational resources Theoretical and practical electronics, mastery of technical work with the Internet and various virtual networks and paying attention to the technical and work situation. Scientific qualifications include: understanding the scientific foundations of virtual education, making virtual learning meaningful for skill learners and art students, self-confidence and technological responsibility, motivation, participation, creativity, innovation and virtual practical capabilities, growth and development of knowledge and skills. Theoretical and practical work with virtual space and remote communication skills with students and art students and the ability to overcome the existing barriers of virtual and electronic education and finally educational qualifications including: cooperative and team learning, problem solving strategy, pragmatism, environment Self-directed, self-directed and self-accessible virtual and electronic learning.

This study was performed to assess the effects of offering wheat straw as free choice with different particle sizes on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nutrients digestibility of Holstein dairy calves. Individually housed calves (n = 40, BW = 43.8 ±3.2 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and divided to four different treatments consisting of: 1) starter feed without wheat straw supplementation (control; CON), 2) starter feed + wheat straw with 1mm geometrical mean particle length (GMPL, Fine), 3) starter feed + wheat straw with 4mm GMPL (Medium), and 4) starter feed + wheat straw with 7mm GMPL (Long). Calves entered the trial on d 15, weaned on d 56 and the study ended on d 90 of age. After morning feeding, the ruminal pH were increased by offering forage only at 8 h on d 35 and 4 and 8 h on d 90 (P = 0.05). The total short chain fatty acids concentration (SCFAs), molar proportion of acetate and propionate were similar across treatments, however, the molar proportion of butyrate increased (P = 0.04) in forage supplemented calves compared with CON calves. Regardless of forage particle size, dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were increased in forage supplemented calves compared with CON calves (P = 0.05). Moreover, no differences were found for different geometrical mean particle length of WS. Overall, free-choice provision of wheat straw enhanced ruminal pH, apparent nutrient digestibility, and rumen development indicators (BHBA) in Holstein dairy calves.

The present study has been done with a sociological approach and with the aim of formulating a national-defense strategy in intelligent confrontation with virtual social networks and with the method of quantitative content analysis and grounded theory. This study, while showing the need to change approaches from confrontational approaches to cultural and social approaches, examines cyberspace policy cycles in the country and strategies of other countries in the face of virtual social networks and introduces five strategies and finally reaches an approach. Instead of focusing solely on the sender of the message, it focuses on the recipient and the recipient of the message. For this purpose, through interviews with 63 professors in the field of media and communications and members of the Supreme Virtual Council of the country, a national-security strategy in the face of social networks has been developed. The results indicate that these strategies should be in the four areas of policy-making, hardware and software, culture, and awareness and education in order to empower the audience. To provide the ability to consciously and analytically deal with the dangers of social networks in the face of the harms of consuming this media. Therefore, it must be said that not paying attention or paying little attention to the audience of social networks can cause problems for our national security at the micro, medium and macro levels. Finally, it can be concluded that with a cultural and social attitude and with a determination to solve existing problems and problems, active presence, participation and confrontation in this area should be replaced by passive observation.

The supreme leader (Excellent lasting shade), considers teachers to be officers of the revolutionary guards, and one of the most important seven topics in his holiness's statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution is the component of spirituality and morality as the ruling spirit and the dominant thing.The purpose of this study is to examine the spiritual and moral competencies of the teacher in promoting his educational literacy in order to cultivate worthy students, inspired by the guidelines of the second chapter in the statement of the second step of the islamic revolution. This research is a descriptive research that uses written library resources. In the end, it was found that in the statement of the second step of the revolution to the spiritual and moral components such as: sincerity, faith, trust in God, popular participation, benevolence, courage, humility, self-confidence, forgiveness, helping, charity, loyalty, preservation reputation, promotion of moral knowledge, jihadi management, increase of spirituality and morality, brotherhood and self-sacrifice, sacrifice, purity and honesty, monotony and empathy, convergence, questioning, social dignity preservation, non-extremism, patience and tolerance in social life, group self-esteem, promotion of ethics and logic of collective ethics, chivalry, spirit of moderation, rationality, anti-arrogance, charity, dignity and authority, revolutionary spirit, idealism, spiritual and moral self-construction, self-belief, confronting cultural & moral enemy transformation, turning threats into opportunities, the birth of thinking, insight, analysis and there is a logical argument that achieving these competencies can definitely improve the teacher's educational literacy level. It was also found that spiritual and moral modeling of religious teachings is the best path for the spiritual and moral growth and excellence of teachers.

Today, human life is deeply connected with technology and especially the media, and it has surprisingly many advantages and disadvantages for all aspects of his life. The main purpose of this study was to study the media performance and their impact on the increase of crime and anomalies in NAJA staff. This research is qualitatively based on the classification of first-hand sources (journals and articles) and second-hand sources (reference books and other research findings) from the period of the last 10 years regarding law enforcement personnel in 2021. Internal indexes including SID and ISC were used to extract the studied sources. To analyze the data, the classification method has been used according to the extraction of the main and sub-categories. The findings showed that the reflection of "social deviations" in the media has a significant effect on reducing hatred of deviations and the normalization of anomalies in society, because when a person is aware of the violation of norms by the media, he realizes that social norms that seemed inviolable can be They are broken and violated, so the motivation to commit a crime is strengthened in the individual, and this is one of the negative functions of expressing social deviations and deviations in the media. But by recognizing these methods and training media literacy and training the audience, it is possible to counter and defend against such attacks.

The emphasis of the Supreme Leader on spirituality and ethics as the second chapter of the seven chapters of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the importance of addressing this issue and analyzing its components, has been confirmed in various aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the analysis of the components of spirituality and ethics in the content of the testaments of the teacher martyrs of Ilam province in terms of compliance with the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. The research method is quantitative and of the type of content analysis, which is in the category of content analysis of the category type. The unit of analysis is the study of documents, i.e. the analysis of the wills of cultural martyrs in terms of units of measurement (components of spirituality and ethics) based on the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. To collect information, due to the small size of the research community (55 testaments), the whole community was selected as a sample by census and all testaments were examined and analyzed one by one. The forms of measuring the presentation form and the list of content analysis lists are described using statistical indicators. at the end, it was found that the components: faith and trust in God (48), morality (37), coping with cultural and moral transformation in society by enemies (31), self-sacrifice (29), patience, respectively (28), spiritual and moral self-construction (23), empathy and unity (22), oppression and anti-arrogance (21), benevolence (20), preservation and dissemination of revolutionary spirit (19), courage and bravery (18), dignity and National authority (14), self-confidence and self-confidence (13), loyalty and perseverance (12) and finally chivalry (11), were the most important emphases in terms of frequency, in the testaments of cultural martyrs.

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the infectious agents in pregnant women and newborns. The capsule of this bacterium is importance in pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and distribution of capsule types in S. agalactiae isolates collected from maternal-newborn.

First, using biochemical tests, S. agalactiae isolates were collected from the vagina and rectum of pregnant women and the ears and nose of newborns. Capsule types Ia, Ib, II, III, Iv, V, VI, VII, and VIII were identified by the ps1Ah, cps1bj, cps2k, cps1a / 2 / 3I, cps4N, cps5O, cps6I, cps7M and cps8j genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the genes.

In this study, 73 isolates (52.8%) were collected from rectovaginal, and 61 isolates (44.2%) were collected from the ear and nose. In rectovaginal specimens, tetracycline (82.1%) and erythromycin (83.5%) resistant strains were most common. Also, in nose and ear samples, resistance to rifampin (83.6%), erythromycin (98.3%), tetracycline (93.4%), and clindamycin (83.6%) showed high frequency. In both groups, capsule type III (14.4%), followed by capsule type II (7.9%), Ib (7.2%), and V (6.5%) had the highest frequency, respectively. Capsule types VIII, VII Ia, and VI were not detected in any of the isolates. The frequency of capsule types III, Ib, II, and V significantly increased antibiotic-resistant strains.

Our results showed that the high frequency of S. agalactiae capsule types in pregnant women has an essential role in increasing resistance to various antibiotics.

Rumen growth and development is a complex process that is highly influenced by nutritional status. The characteristics of a starter diet and nutrients such as fat, protein and forage are closely linked to proper rumen growth and successful weaning, which can ultimately affect the future of alternative heifers and milk production. Consumption of fat sources due to reduced dietary dust, increased dietary energy and reduced ability to produce methane in ruminal fermentation in ruminants has been favored. Research has been shown that the use of fat in the diet of dairy calves has increased efficiency. However, the level of fat consumed, its source, and individual fatty acid ratios appear to impact the performance of dairy calves as well. Regardless the dietary fat inclusion and energy status, researchers have reported that the use of forage in the diets of dairy calves has improved ruminal function and growth function, stimulated rumination and reduced non-nutritional behaviors. However, the use of high levels of forage in dairy calves will lead to poor rumen development, gastrointestinal filling, reduced feed intake, and ultimately reduced growth in dairy calves. Due to the fact that fats could cover on the dietary fiber and prevent the access and binding of microorganisms in the digestive tract, the digestion of fiber is reduced and consequently the consumption of food is also affected. Therefore, due to these contradictory assumptions and also due to limited studies on the interaction between fat consumption and fiber source level in dairy calves, an experiment examining the effects of soybean oil (SO) on starter diets with or without alfalfa hay inclusion (AH) on performance, body Growth, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were performed in Holstein dairy calves.

The present study was conducted in Avin-Dasht Industrial Livestock located in Takestan city of Qazvin province. For this purpose, 40 newborn Holstein calves with an average age of 3 days and an average weight of 39 ± 2.2 kg with 4 experimental diets (10 repeat/ each) were used completely randomly as a 2 × 2 factorial design. Experimental diets include: 1) No SO supplementation with no AH (NSO-NAH); 2) No SO supplementation with 15% AH inclusion (NSO-AH); 3) SO supplementation with no AH (SO-NAH); 4) SO supplementation with 15% AH inclusion (SO-AH). The milking plane for calves and the volume of milk consumed by the end of the period were similar for calves in all treatments. Study was initiated from d-3 of age, weaned on d 63 and calves had free access to starter diet and water throughout the study. During the experiment, to determine the daily feed intake, before the fresh starter offering, the feed residual was collected and recorded. The chemical composition of the food treatments was measured. Growth factors were measured at the time of entry into the experiment and at weaning day as last day of the experiment. The calves were weighed on 10-d intervals until the end of the experiment (d -60). Growth parameters were evaluated on initial day and on the final day of the experiment. Rumen samples were taken was taken and the concentration of volatile fatty acids was determined using a gas chromatography. The blood metabolites and liver enzymes concentrations were measured using commercial kits of Pars Azmoun Company and by calorimetry method with spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software and MIXED procedure with main effect of SO, and AH, and their interaction. The significance was considered at P < 0.05, and tendency was considered when P value was between 0.05 and 0.10 in the current study.

The results of the present study showed that starter intake was influenced with the interaction effect between SO and AH, and the lowest starter diet intake was for SO-AH diet (P < 0.05). The average daily gain was tended to be lower in SO-AH diet and hence the least BW was observed for this treatment at weaning time (P < 0.05). Results show that heart girth, body length, body barrel, hip width did not differ among treatments. However, wither height was reduced in calves fed SO when it was along with AH. Both SO and AH inclusion in starter diet reduced hip height in the current study. The total short chain fatty acid concentration was reduced in SO-AH treatment compared with others. Feeding forage reduced propionate and butyrate but increased acetate concentration in ruminal fluid. The lowest blood glucose concentration was found in dairy calves fed SO-AH treatment in the current study (P = 0.03). The blood concentrations of total protein were reduced, but cholesterol was increased in SO supplemented calves. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen was increased when calves fed AH in starter diet (P = 0.03). However, in contrast, the beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the blood of calves fed alfalfa hay was reduced (P = 0.02).

The experiment results indicated that supplementation of SO and AH separately in the starter diet of dairy calves had a negative effect on ruminal fermentation and hip height. By supplementing SO, an increase in serum cholesterol was observed, but it reduced the total protein in the serum. The results of blood urea concentration showed that the inclusion of AH increased its concentration; however, with respect to the beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, it was reduced by AH inclusion in starter diet. The results showed that concurrent feeding of SO (3%) and AH (15%) in the starter diet of pre-weaning dairy calves, decreased the concentration of volatile fatty acids in rumen, blood glucose, weaning BW and wither height. Due to the current experimental conditions, the concurrent feeding of SO with AH is not recommended due to the negative effects of their interaction on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and as well as on some blood metabolites during pre-weaning period.

Forty eight 10-d old Farahani neonatal lambs (6.8 ± 1.8 kg of body weight) were allocated (n = 12 lambs per treatment; 6 males and 6 females) in a randomized completely block design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including the factors of alfalfa hay (AH) supplementation level (low, 10%; or high, 30% on DM basis) and grain source (corn vs. barley). Hence, treatments were: (1) barley grain (BG) with 10 % of AH; (2) BG with 30 % of AH; (3) corn grain (CG) with 10 % of AH; and (4) CG with 30 % of AH. All lambs had ad libitum access to water and starter feed throughout the experiment. Further, no interaction was detected between forage supplementation level and grain source for starter intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Lambs fed low level of AH had greater betahydroxy butyrate (BHB) concentration in serum on d 30 and 60 of the study (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Lambs received barley-based starters had greater blood urea nitrogen concentrations than corn-based diets on d 60 of the study. Treatments had no effect on skeletal growth characteristics of sucking lambs on d 30 and 60, however, high level of AH supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) hip width compared with low AH inclusion. In general, results showed that AH supplementation at high level could decrease growth performance; however, grain source had no effect on suckling lambs performance.

the aim of this study was to analyze the content of elementary period  textbooks according to the components of the culture of resistance, self-sacrifice and martyrdom of the palestinian people. the research method was descriptive and applied in the form of documentary analysis and content analysis and its approach. the research method was descriptive and applied in the form of documentary analysis and content analysis and its approach. the research population included all elementary period textbooks and samples included persian books, social education and heavenly gifts written in the academic year 2020/2021. the measuring instruments of the receipt form and the checklist were descriptive statistics. in the end, it was found that the highest level of attention and frequency were related to the components: patriotism and patriotism and preservation of islamic and arab achievements and values, respectively, related to the palestinian cause, and the highest frequency was related to the sixth grade. it was also found that the content of textbooks in the field of cognition, relatively good in the field of components of martyrdom and the desire for jihad in the way of god, islamic-arab cohesion and solidarity on the issue of palestine, recognizing the dangers of zionism and emphasizing the inalienable rights of palestinians, idealism and freedom-seeking for palestine, but in the emotional and practical realm, ie: interest in friends and allies of the country and the palestinian people and the resistance in the region, hatred of the enemies of genuine islam the revelation of the crimes of international zionism and the effects of the interventions of the oppressive powers in the region have been superficial and transient and have not been dealt with in depth.

Meta-analysis is a statistical approach for combining the results from independent studies with the same assumptions, that is able to increase the statistical analysis power and the repeatability of the results in the livestock researches, comparing to single-study analysis. The polymorphism in the major genes of Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and Leptin have drawn much attention from animal scientists during recent years, for their possible roles in the economically important traits. However, the relationships between these genes and milk production traits have been incompatible in dairy cows, it means sometimes significant and some other times no significant association has been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall effect of DGAT1 and Leptin genes on some economically important traits including milk yield, fat and protein content and percentages in dairy cows by using meta-analysis.

in this study, all researches published in the validated journals and thesis up to 2018 were used. Following to quality control, 9 and 4 studies reported for K232A and Sau3AI polymorphisms of DGAT1 and Leptin genes were used, respectively. The analysis was carried out using the Stata v. 15. Non conformance index (I 2) was significant for all parameters, so that a random risk model was used. Data were analyzed for each variable using these models for measuring the effect size, 95% confidence interval and statistical significance level of the measurements. All variables were continuously in this study. The measurement of the effect size for continuous data was carried out using the standardized mean difference (SMD) that calculated for the polymorphisms of K232A and Sau3AI loci in DGAT1 and Leptin genes on the milk yield, fat and protein content and percentage.

the results of this study showed that the polymorphism in the K223A locus of DGAT1 gene, has a significant effect on lipid content and percentage, and can play an important role in increasing of their amounts, but its relationship with milk yield and protein content and percentage is not significant. Also, the results for Sau3AI polymorphism in the Leptin revealed that this locus had no significant effect on the traits investigated in this study.

Overall, the results of this study with identifying the overall effects of the studied genotypes of DGAT1 and Leptin genes on milk production traits in dairy cows can play an important role for planning next researches in this field.