mehrdad yadegari

Present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on echocardiography, blood parameters and body chemical composition in two sex of broiler chickens. This experiment with 450 one-day-old chicks were selected for a period of six weeks from one to 42 days. This experiment was performed on a completely randomized design with three levels of Lcarnitine (0, 120, 60 mg/kg) with five replications in both males and females. The results showed that in the female, use of 120 mg/kg L-carnitine significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05). Increased serum albumin and globulin (p<0.05). The use of L-carnitine caused changes in serum triglyceride levels in males and females. In males, the highest amount of glucose and the lowest amount of triglyceride was observed in the diet containing 60 mg/kg of L-carnitine supplement. After echocardiography, indices of short fraction percentage, left ventricular cavity diameter in diastole stage increased significantly (p <0.05) in both sexes with 120 mg of L-carnitine. With increasing L-carnitine supplementation, a decrease in triglyceride level and an increase in serum protein were observed. Consumption of 120 mg / kg L-carnitine reduced breast fat, thigh fat and liver fat (p <0.05). L-carnitine supplementation altered echocardiographic parameters, serum parameters and body composition of male and female chickens. Consumption of L-carnitine at high altitudes is effective in improving metabolism and preventing metabolic disorder.

Nowadays, bone grafts are used in veterinary and human orthopedic to stimulate fracture healing, accelerate joint connection, and healing of bone defects. In this study, we carried out the radiological and histopathological evaluation of the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite concurrent with bone marrow treatment on rabbit fracture repair.

This experimental study was performed in the spring and summer of 2019 on 20 male New Zealand white rabbits (12-month-old, weight=2 kg). The samples were randomly divided into four groups, and bone segments were removed from the radius. In the first group (n=5) (control), the bone defect remained empty and no substance was injected. Meanwhile, the defects in the second, third, and fourth groups (sample size of five in each group) were filled with nano-hydroxyapatite, bone marrow, and combination of nano-hydroxyapatite and bone marrow. Radiographs of the radius in each rabbit were taken at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th post-operative weeks, and bone biopsy was performed in the eighth week for histopathological assessment. In addition, the radiographs and samples were evaluated in terms of union, ossification activity, and re-forming.

In this study, there was a significant difference among the groups in the second, fourth, sixth, and eight weeks regarding radiographical assessments (P<0.05). However, the difference was more evident in the sixth week, when a significant difference was found between the nano-hydroxyapatite group and a combination of bone marrow and nano-hydroxyapatite group (P=0.02). In this regard, the latter had a better performance, compared to the former. In histopathological evaluation, the group of a combination of nano-hydroxyapatite and bone marrow showed higher ossification activities, compared to the control group.

According to the results of the study, the group of a combination of nano-hydroxyapatite and bone marrow had a better function in terms of bone healing, compared to the other two groups. Therefore, it is suggested that the method be applied to larger animal samples to confirm its clinical implications.

The interdigital pouch is an invagination of the skin which locates between the digits in several species of the artiodactyla. It secretes pheromones that play important biological functions in the conspecific chemical communication.

This study has been carried out in order to determine the anatomical and radiological structure of the interdigital pouch in native goats.

Eighty interdigital pouches (40 forefeet and 40 hind feet) of 10 female and 10 male, one to three-years-old, healthy native goats in slaughterhouses of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari were selected. After dissection, topography of each pouch was determined in the feet. For radiologic studies, contrast urografin media were injected into the pouch and then radiographs and photographs were obtained. Different parts of each pouch were identified and measured between the two limbs in both sexes. Data were analyzed by t-test.

In native goats, the pouch, which was observed in all feet,  was a primitive type and located in the space between two hooves at the level of pastern joint. The pouch represents an equilateral triangle with an apex next to the first phalanx and the base near the second phalanx. The best radiographic view for pouch in native goats was dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar. Detection of the pouch in the forelimb was more than that of the hindlimb. Except for the base of pouch, the means of the other parts in male were significantly higher than females. It is difficult or impossible to define the exact radiological and topographical limits of the pouch in goat, due to the absence of secretion, excretory duct and orifice and also the dispersion of structure.

Based on this study, it can be concluded that although the interdigital pouch has only been reported in sheep, deer, moufflon and antelope, it was also found in native goats, but it is not common.

Tendon rupture is one of the most common problems in livestock and human. Tendon has a special blood flow network that is fed from outside to inside. The most important factor in tendon healing is blood flow which is very slow. Various methods that have been implemented to treat and repair these raptures are time-consuming.

Materials & Methods:

10 male New Zealand rabbits with weight 1-2/5 kg were selected and kept for one month. The posterior organs of the rabbits were shaved and anesthetized. Then, under sterile conditions, the SDFT tendon was cut through the skin, the rabbits were divided into two groups of five and the control group and received three groups of samples at a dose of 1μg/kg of Theranekron, and during the days of 3, 10 And 30 ultrasound examinations. After 30 days, the samples were euthanasia for pathological investigations, and the lesion was removed and sent to the lab.

The results of the thirtieth day of ultrasound examination showed a significant improvement in the tendon fibroblasts, similar to the normal area of the damaged region of echogenicity. Histopathologic results show the beneficial effects of Theranekron during this study. Therefore, the number of collagen fibers accumulated in the tissue in the treated group significantly increased.

It was concluded that Theranekron was effective in healing tendons and reducing inflammation.

Exposure to hand–arm vibrations higher than permissible standard rates can have destructing effects on workers’ health. Pneumatic hammers are among the tools that are used in civil and industrial projects, transferring high vibration acceleration to the workers. This study has considered the probable effects of hand–arm vibrations on the performance of blood coagulationfactors in the workers using this tool and exposed to high vibration acceleration.

Five new workers without any experience in exposure with hand–arm vibrations were selected for this interventional study. Blood sample was taken from each worker before they started working for the required analysis. Sampling was repeated in two other stages in 2‑month intervals from the frst sampling, whereas the workers were then experienced in working with pneumatic hammers. Measuring the vibration of the pneumatic hammer was done according to ISO 28927‑10 standard.

 The point of measuring the vibration acceleration was selected close to the hand, in accordance with the standard. Regarding the exposure time of the workers, the amount of vibration acceleration was obtained 15.54 m/s2. Activated partial thromboplastin times of four samples in the second and third stages have shown increases in comparison to the frst stage in that respect. On the other hand, a number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets did not show a consistenttrend in the three stages.

The considered samples showed longer time for blood coagulation as compared to the reference time. Thus, it can be concluded that the main reason is the acceleration in three different coordinate axes of x, y, and z. Hence, the values beyond permissible standard rate of hand–arm vibration in 8 h shifts affect the blood parameters, among which the considered coagulation parameters in this study showed more tangible changes in that respect.

Effects of vibration appear as mechanical and psychological disorders, including stress reactions, cognitive and movement disorders, problem in concentration and paying attention to the assigned duties. The common signs and symptoms of hand‑arm vibration (HAV) in the fingers and hands may appear as pins and needles feeling, tingling, numbness, and also the loss of finger sensation and dexterity. Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench programming software designed for occupational vibrations measurement was used to calculate HAV acceleration. Hole steadiness test is designed to measure involuntary movement of people. V‑Pieron test is designed for one of the other aspects of the psycho motor phenomena of steadiness by moving the stylus across a V‑form ruler. The two points test was an experiment of touch acuity, which used a caliper by placing the two styli very close on the pad of finger knuckles. The temperature of finger skin is also measured simultaneous to the above tests. Wilcoxon test indicated that a significant decrement in hand steadiness occurred after gripping a vibrating handle for 2 min (P ≤ 0.003). Wilcoxon test also represented a significant change in errors after gripping a grinder vibratory handle (P ≤ 0.003). The differences at all of the knuckles were significant with a confidence interval percentage of 99%. There was a significant reduction in finger skin temperature before and after exposure to vibration (mean = 0.45°C, based on paired sample test). The obtained results considerably demonstrated the relation between hand performance and vibrations due to gripping a grinder. It can be concluded that an injury or accident may happen after exposure to vibrations for the fine duties, in fast actions.

Determination of normal gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time are useful in detecting gastrointestinal motility disorders and partial obstructions of the pylorus or small intestine. This study was conducted to evaluate iodixanol as a contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract in New Zealand White rabbit. Twelve clinically healthy adult rabbits were prepared and kept for two weeks prior to study. Blood tests were performed 10 days prior to the study. After eighteen hour fasting, plain lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were obtained. One thousand mg iodine per kilogram body weight of iodixanol was administered orally to the rabbits. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were taken at zero, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after administration of contrast media and then in 30 minutes intervals  until eight hours after swallowing , and then at nine, 10, 12and 24 hours. Blood tests were performed 5 days after the study. Contrast medium was noted in the small intestine immediately after administration in two of the twelve (16.66%) rabbits. Early gastric emptying time was started at 8.17±5.45 minutes. Delay gastric emptying time was started at 317.50±36.93 minutes. Early small intestine transit time was started at 59.00±15.54 minutes. Delay small intestine transit time was started at 476.00±37.14 minutes. Because of coprophagia there was some evidence of contrast media in stomach in twenty forth hour radiographs. It is concluded that this iodixanol gave a diagnostic opacification of upper gastrointestinal tract in rabbit.