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Today, one of the symbols of the impact of globalization phenomenon, is global learning and changing patterns and paradigms of family education programs among elderly family members.

To examine the relationship between strategic changes in globalization and elderly family education programs.

This research was a qualitative and descriptive survey with a survey approach.

Strategic and fundamental changes in the provision of family education programs for the elderly include changes such as growth and development education, environmental education (conservation of natural and environmental resources), citizenship and human rights education, media education, peace education, equality, and compassion. And human rights education, training to improve and improve the quality and quality of life of the elderly and those around them and how to update nursing care, health education, preventive and first aid training, multiculturalism and multiculturalism, information technology education and Communications and the growth of space and virtual social networks and utilizing it to upgrade Life was elderly.

Strategic changes of globalization for the elderly have a positive effect, such as: increased international cooperation and communication, and expansion of the shared global social and cultural heritage. On the other hand, negative effects such as: national identity and national sweat and indigenous-local customs of the elderly, The growth of secularist thinking, the rise of psychological, social and ethical problems, the increasing decision-making power of international communities and governments, and finally the growth of unrealistic and biased information from other nations to induce elderly-related programs to Brought along.

There are several methods to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria in fruit juices such as the use of antioxidant compounds. In this study, effect of green tea extract ( 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5%) as an antioxidant was examined against the survivability of Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC 1643), physico-chemical, antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging) and organoleptic properties of watermelon juice, during 21 days of storage at 4 °C. The pH of samples decreased during 14 days of storage and then increased during the next 7 days. The same results were observed for acidity of samples. Antioxidant activity of all samples containing green tea extract was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control sample and decreased significantly (P<0.05) during storage time. According to our results, the viability of probiotic bacteria increased significantly (P<0.05) by increasing the concentration of green tea and a direct relation was observed between antioxidant activity and viability of probiotic bacteria. In conclusion, by considering all physicochemical, organoleptic properties and survivability of probiotic bacteria, the sample containing 2.5% green tea was recognized as the best treatment.

Case Study: Technical & Vocational Education Centers (TVEC) in Ilam Province.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of providing practical work and also the presentation of an Islamic model for (FCRAOCM) interviewing tool experts in financial sphere, support and administration in (TVEC) use. It was found that the most important challenges were focusing: 1- Insufficient financial independence and lack of timely and fair allocation of credits and funds (TVEC) cities 2- Lack of active participation and cooperation necessary and adequate and organizes in institutions, affiliated organizations and companies are involved in financial assistance and funding to expand and strengthen the skill of training 3- Lack of active participation and well- organizes cooperation some parents and prosperous donors and donations to donate their childrens skill training 4- Absence of specific mechanisms of regular and permanent financial support from the, administrators, coaches and trainer such as the: establishment of financial funds, allocation and payment of micro and macro loans 5- The presence of contributions from some directors in (TVEC) cities in province to allocate and consume more financial credits and resources to your managed centers 6- High current costs in some of the skill areas, such as: purchasing goods and raw materials, remuneration of trainers and ambulance trainers, upgrading and equipping equipment workshop 7- Lack of a yearly annual program on the actual, realistic, real- world needs assessment, comprehensive and scholarly discussion of how to allocation and use the optimal financial resources before, the beginning of the year and the adoption of highly sought after skill and popular skills training. In addition, providing solutions to the islamic management model in (FCRAOCM) is based on the principle of balance and moderation of a dynamic and stable type. In the end it should be said that in(FCRAOCM) there should 4 variables:1- changing attitude financial and economic perspective and views and accepting rational economic logic in decision making 2- Financial and management, administrative reform 3- Design and compilation of optimal credits and adequacy and effective implementation of the output – oriented allocation model 4- Supervision, evaluate and provide continuous, update and appropriate instruction, the economic and financial issues of all administrative and training personnel is to pay attention. 

Skin cancer is a public health problem this study aims to examine the economic and social situation of people with skin cancer in Yazd province was targeted prevention measures, so that in this way we can.
This study was a descriptive epidemiological study and study population, patients with skin cancer (of it) is in Yazd province in 1391. In order to obtain the information from the data collection forms in patients with cancer and then enter the information for further analysis software to evaluate R.3.2.1 and chi-square test was used.
Based on the findings of this study, patients with skin cancer in Yazd province in 2012 the number was 146, of these, 88 men and 58 women. contact Sun in both sexes as men 25% and women 14% of the highest levels of contact with risk factors investigated in this study (P Based on findings recommended to lower levels of economic and social as target groups are the prevention of skin cancer and prevention measures focused on such groups.

Existence of hot springs and geological evidences of north-west of Delijan area indicate that there is an important geothermal system in the depths of study area. In order to investigation geothermal of this area and delineation of geothermal structures with significant magnetic response, a ground magnetic survey was carried out over the hot springs which cover about 300 km2 in 2011. Necessary corrections and reductions were applied over the data. Then investigated the structures associated to the geothermal system using different magnetic map. It was revealed that a main magnetic anomaly in the area and estimated its depth and structural index using Euler method. Results of applying this method indicates a broad magnetic source almost in the depth of more than 2000 m. After Euler method, two other methods applyied over the data: forward modeling and 3D inversion using Model Vision software and Mag3D code, respectively were applied. Mag3D code using of the Li and Oldenburg algorithm gives the best answer based on iteration. Results of these methods show a broad magnetic source in the depth of between 2500 and 5000 m which can be interpreted as the heat source for geothermal system in the area. Results of this work have a good correlation with the known geological evidences.

Single-strand specific (sss) nucleases (S1/P1 family) are widely used in molecular genetics studies. The most widely used sss-nucleases are those plant endonucleases with the ability of specific cleavage of mismatch loops in heteroduplex DNA molecules. Because of the valuable activity of these endonucleases, enzymatic cleavage of heteroduplex DNA molecules is one of the most common techniques of point mutation detection in genomes. In this study, gene sequences encoding single-strand specific endonucleases were isolated from parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) using heterologous primers in PCR reactions. The isolated gene sequences, after cloning and molecular identification, were designated as pars I and pars II. Physicochemical, structural and phylogenetic analysis using software tools, verified PARS I and PARS II as two members of S1/P1 family with a substantial homology to heteroduplex DNA specific endonucleases. However, it is essential to produce pure enzyme preparations as native or recombinant forms to determine mechanisms of activity and substrate preferences of these nucleases on heteroduplex DNA substrates.

Misbehavior and over-activity are the most problems among children. However، how to communicate with children is important and may relate to their parenting style. Parenting styles play an important role in the formation of abnormality and normal personality behavior in children. The use of adaptive styles in children can lead to many negative consequences، including behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and children misbehavior (internalizing and externalizing). This cross-sectional descriptive study performed with randomly selection on 741 student aged 6 to 12 first grade to fifth grade public and private schools of 1th and 2th region in the city of Rasht in 2012. The information collected tool was Baum rind parenting style questionnaire and teacher reports. The data was analyzed using descriptive and Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression method stepwise. The results showed that parents of subjects with authoritative parenting style were the most (96/5%) with a mean of (SD) 41/26 ± 8/29. Also، 12/1% of children have externalizing misbehavior and 8/9% of them have internalizing problems. Results indicated that authoritative style had negative significant relationship between internalized behavior problems score (p<0. 003) and externalizing problems score (p<0. 020). There was a significant positive relationship between permissive style and internalized behavior problems score (p<0. 006). The results of regression analysis showed that authoritative style is a negative significant predictor with all internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and permissive style is a positive significant predictor of all internalizing behavior problems. Authoritative parenting، with associations of control under high passionate support، creates independence and conjoint relationship between child and parents، which could characterize an important role in prevention of problems behavioral disorders of children. Also permissive style with little supervision and parental unresponsiveness towards the child''s behavior could also lead to behavioral problems in children.

Inhibiting factors in clinical learning of nursing students cause a huge gap between the optimum and the current situation in performance of the graduates. Due to the lack of a comprehensive and reliable tool for the identification of these factors in Iran، this study aimed to develop a scale to assess the related items to nursing students’ clinical learning. This descriptive study used Delphi approach to assess factors associated with clinical learning of nursing students in nursing schools of Yazd province in 2013. The expert panel includes all registrars in nursing faculties، nursing clinical tutors، nursing personnel involved in education and years three and four nursing students. In the first round of Delphi، data collection tool was a structured questionnaire with 82 items and an open question for additional suggestions. Sampling method in those with responsibility was purposive، due to their limited number، and in other groups was random. Sample size was 48 of whom 41 agreed to participate in the study. According to the Delphi process، scope and scale of items were studied by 41 members of the panel to reach over than 75% consensus. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V 17. 0 software using various analytic tests. Consensus on the questionnaire items was obtained during the two-round Delphi، and in the final questionnaire، the percentage of agreement between expert panel reached 79. 85%. Panel members came to agreement on factors associated with clinical learning questionnaire consisted 89 items in seven domains of educational planning (79. 94%)، evaluation (76. 21%)، resources and regulation of clinical environment (81. 17%)، professional communications (81. 25%)، clinical instructor (82/62)، clinical instructor teaching methods (81. 25%) and student learning (81. 91%). The clinical learning factors questionnaire for nursing students، with 79. 85% consensus of the expert panel، can be considered as a comprehensive and valid questionnaire to assess clinical training and to identify weaknesses and challenges of nursing students’ clinical learning in Iran.

Penetrating trauma is the name given to any kind of the wound or damage that results from a sharp puncher which can caused by a knife, glass, blades, or any sharp object. In Iran trauma is the second main cause of death among the youth. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent cause of penetrating trauma in patients who were admitted to the emergency room of Khorramabad Shohadaye Ashayer hospital. This cross-sectional study was alone based on the hospital’s collected data between the years 2009-2010. All patients with penetrative trauma admitted to the emergency room of Shohadaye Ashayer hospital in Khorramabad. Variables such as age, sex, mechanism of injury, site of the accident, and the injured area of the body were obtained from patient records by using a data gathering form. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square test. The most frequent cause of trauma was conflict and fighting (85.9%) and the rarest cause were home accidents (3.8%). Most of the injuries occurred with a knife (72.3%) and the lowest by firearms (1.1%).The most of the traumas were in the chest, extremities and face/head areas respectively with 33.7%, 25.5%, and 21.7%. the number of injuries caused by fighting had a meaningful relationship to the age group of 20-26 years of age (P<0.001). Considering that the most incidents of stabbing was among the youth age 20 to 26 years, it is necessary Carrey out measures to raise awareness among the youth, to create healthy environment, to increase and provide employment and education among the youth, and to carry out laws that prevent people from obtaining and carrying weapons and stabs.

Occupational exposures are one of greatest risk of transmission blood borne diseases through blood and blood products, among health professionals. Given the importance of the issue, this study was carried by aimed to determine the frequency, causes and functions of nurses, about occupational exposures in Hamadan. This study was cross-sectional conducted. 120 names of nurses working in hospitals in Hamadan extracted based on random and stratified sampling. At continue the designed occupational exposures questionnaire that confirmed its validity and reliability had delivered them for complete. After data collection, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression models. 71.7% of nurses reported occupational exposures during their service. Occupational exposure history in women and the staff by lower than 5 year work, was higher. About Type of exposure, most cases are related to injection or blood sampling (44%). Majority of exposures were splashing blood and secretions of patients in 39.4%. Washing and disinfection actions after exposure, at the 56.3% of them had been done. Incidence of occupational exposures as common risk factors for diseases transmitted through blood and blood products is common among nursing staff in Hamadan. Some bad habits such as not recapping needles and not using of special disposal boxes are common among nurses. Therefore, standard precautions training of personnel are essential.

Justice always has been one of the most important of human concerns. Specially, the justice to be comprehend by the employees is very important, therefore in this article, the aim is investigation of relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment among employees of the Health centers. Because they are always on the forefront of disease prevention and Commitment is necessary for them, and negligence on the job is unacceptable. Method of this study is Cross-Correlation (Pearson), which is used for investigation of Correlation of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment among employees of the Health centers. In this study, the employees of the Health centers of Yazd have been used as the population, and 105 of them have been selectedas sample using the Morgan table. Then using standard questionnaires of Organizational Justice (Niehoff and Moorman 1993) and Organizational Commitment (Meyer, Allen & Smith, 1993), relationship between them Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment among them has been investigated. In this study, SPSS 18 has been usedfor analysis of data. In this study, the following results were obtained: Average of Organizational Justice is 52/4 ± 13/4, Distributive justice is 12/6 3/9, Procedural justice is 15/61 ± 4/7, Interactional justice is 24/1 ± 7/06, the organizational commitment is 95/35 ± 15/2, Affective commitment is 30/9 ± 6/2, Continuous commitment is 32/9 ± 6/3, Normative commitment is 32 ± 6/4 And ascertained that Organizational Justice has certain relationship with Continuous commitment and Normative commitment (P<0.05), but no relationship between Organizational Justice and Affective commitment has been found. Organizational Justice has certain relationship with continuous commitment, but there is no relationship between Organizational Justice and other aspects of commitment such as Affective commitment and uniformity of the activities and the employees get to the organization can be the cause of it. To improve this situation it is better that sporting and cultural activities be organized in the organization, so employees and managers be closer to each other.

According to several international studies, two billion people have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus. According to WHO reportsIran is among the countries with the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B Endemicity moderate. It seems that 35% of Iranians had exposed with hepatitis B virus; and 2-3% of them were chronic carriers virus. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B cases have been identified in the province during the years March 2010- February 2012. This was a retrospective study using data from the hepatitis B cases reported in the country during March 2010- February 2012 was identified in the Northern Province. The study subjects included 405 patients, who were selected by census method. Data were analyzed by PASW 18 and using descriptive statistics. During March 2010- February 2012, 405 subjects infected with hepatitis B were reported in North Khorasan Province registration system. The highest percentage of people infected with hepatitis B in men (59.3%), married (93.2%), those not vaccinated (92.5%), residents urban (69%), age group 30-39 years (28.2%), carriers of the virus (70%), a "follow-up carrier status" (81.3%) and health centers (29%) were reported. The highest incidence rate of infection HBVobserved in the age group 69-60 years. Recommended for hepatitis B prevention programs on the age group 40-20 years, with an emphasis on health education on ways to prevent exposure to hepatitis B infection and vaccination will focus. The results of this study can be used in planning for the management and control of the disease in the province to help.

The present research aims at criticizing and analyzing ibn khaldun ideas as a sociologist with emphasis on Emil dorkim, s methodology. The author of the survey intents to clarify that whether ibn khaldun is a sociologist or not? Theme of the research is based on methodological opinions of Emil dorkim and a descriptive- analysis library research. The results of the research indicate that three criteria which are important in sociology are observed in ibn khaldun,s studies: a)subject b) method c) answering the fundamental questions in sociology science. The author of the article concludes ibn khaldun is proved to be a sociologist based on planned criteria and Emil dorkim methodological rules.

Adhesive systems are commonly used for restorative dental procedures. Solvent removal my be effective for increasing the microtensile bond strength of etch and rinse systems to dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solvent removal on microtensile bond strength of etch and rinse systems to wet and dry dentin. This in-vitro study was conducted on 40 intact human extracted third molars. A flat superficial dentin surface was exposed by wet abrasion. The specimens were randomly assigned to five groups. Two coats of the solvent-based (SB) and solvent-free (SF) adhesives were applied to dry (D) or rewetted (W) surfaces, under vigorous rubbing action after phosphoric acid etching according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The examined groups included: group one: adhesive with solvent on dry dentin, group two: adhesive without solvent on dry dentin, group three: adhesive with solvent on wet dentin, group 4: adhesive without solvent on wet dentin and group 5 (control group). After light curing (600mW/cm²/10 s), composite build-ups were constructed incrementally and specimens were stored in water (37 ° C/24 h). They were longitudinally sectioned in the “x” and “y” directions to obtain bonded sticks (1mm²) for immediate testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The resultant bond strength was expressed for different fracture patterns. The microshear bond strength test was carried out in a Universal Testing Machine. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 2 software. P<0.05 was considered significant. The highest bond strength was achieved in group 1 and the lowest in group 4; but the differences among groups in this respect were not statistically significant. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that presence of solvent was not essential to achieve high bond strength values to dry and wet dentin when applied vigorously.

Today, parallel with the rapid increases in population, waste production is also increasing that together with decreasing availability of proper land for landfill sites has created a complex management issue despite the progresses in science and technology. Composting is a useful way of waste management that has many environmental and economic benefits, but compost plants can also have significant impacts on the environment. Hence, selection of suitable locations for landfill and compost plants is one of the important issues in waste management program. Mathematical matrices in association with geographic information system (GIS) are used as a strong approach to EIA of compost sites and their selection. In mathematical matrices, important criteria for site selection of compost plants are studied. Then, effects are assessed in GIS and their significances are determined. In mathematical matrices, impacts significance are calculated using 7 factors including magnitude, extent, duration, synergistic effects, accumulative effects, controversy and mitigation measures, based on which appropriate site for compost plant is selected. In the present study, Golpayegan City in Isfahan Province was selected to perform compost plant site selection. The map overlay method was used to generally and qualitatively assess the impacts and the mathematical matrices method was used for impatcs quatification. Three alternatives sites were studied. According to the results, alternative 3 was the best. The second preference was alternative 2 and the third was alternative1. This approach has flexibility through inclusion of compensation criterion and controversy which help in bringing about consensus among proponents and EIA assessors and therefore, will create more comprehensive results.

Always Mazandaran province had been exposed to development and changes because of location in coastline of the Caspian Sea and having unique conditions. GIS and remote sensing can be used to monitor in order to manage this sensitive province. Then, this study is trying to detect land cover changes in coastal areas of mazandaran province using LCM. Land cover changes detection have done using Landsat satellite images belonging to the years 1988, 2001, 2006, and 2010. Modeling the transition potential was performed by using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network and 8 variables. Then modeling was done for 2010 by using the hard predict model and 2001-2006 calibration period and in order to determine accuracy of evaluate it was compared with ground truth map in 2010 year. Finally, land cover in 2016 was predicted by using the 2006-2010 calibration periods. The results showed that the total period of study 33487 ha of forest area has declined. And 21367 and 13155 ha has been added to the extent of agricultural and residential lands, respectively. More changes forest related to conversion to agriculture (30424 ha) and then converted to residential (1265 ha). In most of sub-models, the results of potential modeling of using artificial neural networks demonstrated high accuracy (52-94 percent). The total error in the modeling was obtained 12.84% for 2010, which this reflects high compliance in predicted image by model with the ground truth image. Modeling results for 2016 showed that, area of forest and open land will be lower compared to the 2010 (9988 and 429ha, respectively) and agricultural and residential land increased (respectively 7607 and 2810 hectares).

Information about the nature of disease decreases the anxiety and unusual behaviors of parents specially mothers، and reduces their problems in recurrence of disease، which occurs in at least 30% of cases. Parents want correct information about the status of their hospitalized child and also want to be involved in their child’s care and expect health care providers to let them know about the expected changes that may occur in children’s physical condition.

The present study aims to determine the effect of family centered care on meeting parental information needs of hospitalized children.

In this quasi experimental study، 76 mothers of hospitalized children admitted to emergency ward of 17Shahrivar educational hospitals in Rasht were chosen by sequential sampling and divided into two groups of experimental and control group. Informed consent forms were given to selected mothers and after their agreement، family centered care was performed for experimental group based on developed protocol with participation of mothers. The control group received routine cares.

Research findings showed that the level of meeting parental needs for information was %21. 1 in control group and % 81. 6 in experimental group. The t-test (p< 0. 0001; t=6. 922 df=74) showed significant difference between the two groups.

According to the study results family centered care was effective on the level of meeting parents need for information and also lead to its increase. Key words:

Japanese quail is belongs to the order Galliformes and the family Phasianidae, and due to its size is like the chicken. This study investigated the level of gastrointestinal parasites in 300 Japanese quails (127 male and 173 female). Determination of the prevalence of infections was based on faecal and intestinal examination. Samples (n = 300) collected from Japanese quails of gender and stool position were analyzed using three techniques, i.e., centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution, Ziehl–Neelsen and Gimsa staining. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 89 (29.66%) of Japanese quails. The parasites most frequently detected were: Eimeria spp. (28.3%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (2%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence between male (29.92%) and female (29.47%) quails (P>0.05). There was significantly (P< 0.05) greater prevalence of parasites in diarrhea group (72.7%) than non- diarrhea group (2.1%). Ninethy six % of Japanese quails were shedded oocyst in their feces. The results of this study showed that intestinal protozoan infections have high prevalence in the Japanese quails.

Hepatitis type G virus (HGV) is a flavivirus with RNA genome which has high nucleotide and amino acid similarity with HCV. HGV can infect blood lymphocytes for long period and may have role in inducing or complicating the clinical outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies. Therefore in this study the prevalence of HGV, HCV, and HBV infections were evaluated in patients with hematological malignancies. In this study EDTA treated blood samples were collected from 100 patients with hematological malignancies and 110 healthy controls of southern cities of Fars province (Lar, Lamerd, Grash) Iran. The serologic and molecular markers of HGV, HCV, and HBV were analyzed by ELISA and PCR and RT-PCR methods, respectively in Hematology Research Center and Transplant Research Center, Namazi hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Also the role of some risk factors in pathogenesis of these hepatitis viruses was studied statistically. Antibody against E2 antigen of HGV was diagnosed in 5% and 1.1% of patients with hematological malignancies and healthy controls, respectively. Significant difference was found between the prevalence of HGV antibodies in patients with hematological malignancies and healthy controls (P=0.037). The HCV antibody and prevalence of HCV- RNA was detected in 7% and 4% of patients with hematological malignancies respectively. Significant difference was found between the prevalence of HCV-RNA in patients with hematological malignancies and healthy controls (P=0.02). Also HBV viremia was found in 2% of patients. In this study the significant presentation of HGV and HCV were found in patients with hematological malignancies compared with healthy controls. However, the results suggest that similar study should be carryout to evaluate the prevalence of this viral infection in other part of Iran, to control the spreading of these infections to other people.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules may cause great damage to cell membranes and DNA and Result in inducing oxidation DNA mutations leading to cancer, degenerative, and other diseases. Plant antioxidant derived may be preventive of free radical damages. The Stems and flower sample of plants air-dried, finely ground and were extracted by ethanol: water (70:30) for 48 h. Extracts were filtered and dried under vacuum. The antioxidant activity of five ethanolic extract of medicinal plants (Descurainia Sophia, Plantago major, Trachyspermum copticum L, Coriandrum sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum) from Iran were analysed by five different methods [1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2,azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum (PMB) and reducing power (RP)]. In addition, for determination of antioxidant components total phenolic content was also analyzed. The total phenolic content of medicinal plant ranges from 74 to 154.3 mg Gallic acid/g extract as measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method. Values of DPPH varied from 15.5 to 19.6 μmol trolex/g. FRAP ranged from 124.2 to 753 μmol of Fe(II)/g extract. Antioxidant activity of the Plantago major was always higher compared to the other plants extracts values of total phenols content and antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, (154.33 mg GAE/g, 1856 μmol trolox, 750 μmol trolox and 1169 μmol of Fe(II)/g, extract respectively). The range of total antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method was 513.3 to 870 μmol trolox/g. The reducing ability of the tested extracts was between 0.31-1.26. Plantago majorwas also highest activity in both tests. This study clearly demonstrated that Plantago major crude extract exhibit significant antioxidant activity.

Linguatula serrata is an aberrant arthropod of the class Pentastomida. The adult parasite is found in the nasopharynx of canids. The larval form occurs in the mesenteric lymph nodes of herbivores including sheep in which it develops to the infective nymphal stage. This study was carried out from April 2009 to march 2010 to evaluate the infection rate of Linguatula serrata in 420 sheep which have been slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir. Samples of lymph nodes and livers were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Mesenteric lymph nodes of 162 sheep (38.57%), mediastinal lymph nodes of 43 sheep (10.23%) and livers of 4 sheep (0.71%) were infected with Linguatula serrata nymphs. Results showed that the infection rate increased with ageing (P<0.05). The results also revealed that the infection rate to the nymphs of parasite in black-colored lymph nodes were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the infection rate in normal-colored nodes. No significant difference was observed between the infection rate in different seasons (P>0.05). Human can be infected through consumption of raw or under-cooked liver and visceral organs of sheep, hence the importance of inspection at slaughter houses needs to be emphasized.

Bakground:Malnutrition, especially in the developing countries, is a common disease ofchildren. Some causes of malnutrition are inappropriate supplementary feeding, parentallow nutrition-related knowledge, and childhood diseases especially digestive and respiratorydisorders. Various interventions have been made in different countries based on theirpresent conditions and facilities. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions conducted by nutrition consulting center based on pivotal role of pediatrician at health center over growth status in children suffering from malnutrition. In this intervening quasi -experimental study, 189 children between 6-48 months affected by malnutrition were identified and included in the investigation using random sampling method. After verifiying diagnosis by pediatrist, required interventions were made and growth indices were determined before and after the intervention. Who’s Anthro software and graphs were used to evaluate growth indices. Results indicated that 17.8 and 9.1% of boys and girls were respectively suffering from acute thinness; however, after intervention these findings reduced to 4.4 and 5.1% respectively. Moreover, 14.4 and 6.1% of the boys and girls who suffered from acute low– weight showed meaningful lower problem the intervention. The interventions could not deal with shortness of stature in the society. Through setting up intervening centers pivoted by pediatricians at the center of the provinces aimed at recognizing and treating children suffering from malnutrition as well as activating referral systems, we may take a step forward into a better situation therein improving the status of children suffering from low weight and malnutrition.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a health problem in the world, including Iran. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of CL and determination of the causative parasite species in the city and suburb of Mohammadabad, Jiroft district.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in census manner. Diagnosis was based on direct smear microscopy and Nested-PCR technique was applied for the identification of species.

Overall, 3516 individuals consisting of 1743 females (49.6%) and 1773 males (50.4%) were physically examined for the presence of active lesion or scar. The prevalence rate was 6.2% in female and 4.5% in male subjects with a significant difference (P<0.05). Most of the infection was in the age group of 11-20 years (10.5%) and the lowest was in the age group of 21-30 year (3%). Most of the lesions were on the face (47%) and the majority (64%) had one lesion. Based on Nested-PCR technique all examined cases were Leishmania tropica.

This study has been conducted for the first time in north of Jiroft district in proximity of Bam district. Increasing rate of this disease after the earthquake and in accordance with the epidemic condition in the city of Bam is due to the frequent traveling of people to this rural area.

In spite of the advances achieved in the field of dentin adhesives, the longevity of bond to dentin is still a challenge. According to recent studies, Matrix Metaloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors can increase clinical longevity of bonding and decrease leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and pattern of doxycycline release from an experimental dentin adhesive containing this MMP inhibitor. In this experimental study, specimens containing 0.25 and 0.5 loading percent of doxycycline in an experimental monomer were prepared in cylindrical moulds of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The adhesive monomer was composed of 12 wt% Bis-GMA, 10 wt% TMPTMA, 28 wt% HEMA and 50 wt% ethanol. Camphorquinone and amine were used as initiators. Addition of 0.25 and 0.5 w% doxycycline showed linear release in both groups. Increasing the loading percent of doxycycline caused more release. The release continued during the test period. Doxycycline release was observed from the experimental adhesive. Further studies in this field will help in preparing adhesive systems with more clinical longevity.

Decreasing the hardness of dental restorative composites after curing in oral environment can influence their clinical durability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food-simulating liquids such as 25%, 50%, 75 % ethanol and 50 % heptane on surface hardness of two composites - (Gradia and P60) after curing and immersing time of 24 hours and 7 days. 45 specimens of each composite were prepared in a stainless steel mold with 6 mm diameter and 2 mm depth. 5 specimens of each composite were tested for microhardness immediately after curing as the control group. The other specimens of each composite were randomly divided into eight groups. Each specimen was immersed in one of the following solutions 25%, 50%, 75 % ethanol and 50 % heptane for either 24 hours or 7 days. Then the specimens were taken out of the solutions and washed and dried and transferred to the refrigerator until performing the test. In standard conditions, surface microhardness of specimens was evaluated by the microhardness device based on Vickers. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA 3 way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc tests. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Surface hardness of P60 composite was higher than that of Gradia. An analysis of variance in gradia and p60 showed significant difference between the control and all the other groups (P<0.05) except the 25% ethanol (P=0.514). After 24 hours all the solutions had significant effect on Gradia (P<0.05) except 50% and 75% ethanol (P=0.793). After 7 days all the solutions had significant effect on Gradia except 50% and 25% ethanol (P=0.385)and 50% and 75% ethanol (P=0.150) According to P60 after both 24 hours and 7 days all the solutions had significant effect on the hardness. 50 % heptane increased the hardness (P=0.00). 75% ethanol significantly decreased the hardness (P=0.000) followed by 50% (P=0.001) and 25% ethanol (P=0.007). Based on the results of this study, the effect of time was not significant. P60 showed to be more resistant. 75% ethanol had much more effect followed by 50% and 25% ethanol. Heptane increased the mean surface hardness.