فهرست مطالب mohamad sharif karimi

In the model of Knowledge-Based production, knowledge and innovation are the most important factors of production; therefore, knowledge and innovation are the main keys to economic growth and development. The process of production of knowledge and innovation require groundwork making; This paper examines the effect of three factors, research and development expenditures, and education expenditures also the infrastructure of information and communication technology, on the production of knowledge and innovation. The purpose is to identify the path to realization of the knowledge-based economy in order to policy making for its realization in the Iranian economy. The extent of patents is considered as an indicator for producing knowledge and innovation. The countries under this study are 23 OECD member selected countries. For modeling, panel data method in Eviews software is used. Finding a positive and meaningful relationship between the three variables of research and development expenditure, training and technology infrastructure with the amount of patents, is the result of this research. The results of the calculations show that these three factors are very important in the process of producing knowledge and innovation, such that the lack of attention to them will actually lead the production of knowledge and innovation to the serious obstacles. Also, the comparison between the descriptive charts of the data for these three variables for Iran and the selected countries suggests that it would not be desirable in Iran.

Today, achieving sustainable growth and development is possible through the realizing knowledge-based economy. One of the key factors for success in this model is the identification and application of knowledge and innovation. Clusters are one of the tools for accelerating the growth and sustainable development of knowledge base. By providing a good platform for the production of tacit knowledge, clusters create the groundwork for innovation and technology creation, and thus realizing a knowledge-based economy. This article selects the information technology cluster and tries to explain the position of tacit knowledge and innovation in this cluster, examining the factors affecting the development of knowledge-based information technology, in addition to explain the relationship between clusters and knowledge-based economy. The countries studied in this article are thirteen European countries. For modeling, DOLS and FMOLS methods have been used for panel data. The indicators of research and development expenditures, education expenditures, exports of goods in the field of information and communication technology, as well as the number of firms active in the ICT cluster (as an ICT cluster index) are the indicators examined. The results of this study indicate that the important and influential indicators of knowledge-based economy have a positive and significant relationship with the index of clusters.

In most countries, governments are adopting specific policies and use government decisions to adopt supportive policies to tackle poverty and economic growth and to achieve economic, social and cultural goals. Iran, as a developing country, will always need a supportive system for growth and development. One of these supportive policies is subsidy strategies, which are used to improve livelihoods and the well-being of those in need. As a supportive tool, subsidies play an important role in improving the distribution of income and economic conditions, it can create the satisfaction and confidence of the people to government and by doing so, have a positive effect on social capital. Given the importance and value of social capital, and other factor affecting it, this paper attempts to address this issue to investigate the effect of supportive policies on social capital in Iran by using ARDL method during 1996-2017 period. The results shows that the relationship between government supportive expenditures in health and housing and social capital is positive, but the relationship between government supportive expenditures in social security and education and social capital is positive.