فهرست مطالب mohammad ali azarbaijani

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that gradually destroys the synovial joints and leads to chronic inflammation. This autoimmune disorder is associated with an increase in stress-related symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and a decrease in social behaviors, which severely reduces the patient's quality of life. Previous studies show that higher physical activity during adolescence may lead to a decrease in neurobehavioral disorders in adulthood. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the increase of physical activity from early adolescence on stress-related behaviors and inflammation in mice with rheumatoid arthritis.

Male mice were randomly exposed to a running wheel from early adolescence to adulthood, and then rheumatoid arthritis was induced. Stress-related behaviors, including anxiety, depression and social behavior were investigated in animals. The level of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were also measured as important inflammatory markers in the serum.

The results showed that physical activity from early adolescence significantly resulted in decreased stress in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the running wheel led to a decrease in the levels of (IL-17) and (IFN-γ) in rheumatoid arthritis-induced mice as two important indicators of inflammation.

This study shows that increased physical activity during adolescence to adulthood may make mice resistant to increased stress and inflammation caused by rheumatic arthritis.

The lifestyle in the machine world of the last century is low mobility and very little activity with the use of various types of equipment and facilities. This lifestyle is the basis of many physical and mental complications in today's humans and causes the occurrence of many chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, increased blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome as a whole, followed by widespread inflammation in the body. Increased inflammation in the body, especially in the central nervous system of the brain, can lead to neurological and behavioral disorders. The immune system plays an important role in regulating brain homeostasis. Even small amounts of Neuroinflammation can disrupt physiological processes that occur in the hippocampus, including neurogenesis. Inflammatory factors include inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and alpha necrosis factor. In recent years, human and animal studies have shown that the increase of these two cytokines in the body and brain can lead to a decrease in memory. However, its exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent findings also show that IL-6 is involved in cognitive functions and memory, and increasing its level in brain areas such as the hippocampus may lead to a decrease in memory, on the other hand, anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10 (potential role in immunotherapy and prevention) And progress or recurrence of neuropathy play a role in the body. Interleukin 10 prevents the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. This cytokine is secreted to suppress pro-inflammatory effects in stressful situations. The most important brain region involved in cognitive functions and memory is the hippocampus. Any damage to nerve cells in this area of ​​the brain can be directly related to cognitive disorders. Exercise is known as a risk modulating factor for reducing memory and learning in neurological diseases and even Alzheimer's disease. It is assumed that neurological and vascular adaptation to exercise and physical activity improves cognitive function through neurogenesis, reducing pro-inflammatory processes and reducing cell damage. Physical activity can modulate microglial activation in the CNS. Low-intensity exercise is sufficient to induce an anti-microglial activation effect by regulating the expression of various factors. Some of these factors (eg, Myokines) can directly prevent microglial activation through various mechanisms that prevent Neuroinflammation in the CNS. Be secreted from different sources (such as damaged neurons, astrocytes, and microglia). According to past research and since the effect of swimming exercise on the amount of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 and as a result on the amount of spatial memory in adult rats has not been investigated, this research was conducted in order to make its results for patients suffering from memory loss. It should be implemented in clinics as a suggested non-pharmacological and effective treatment, especially in elderly people who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

C57BL6 male mice (approximate age 10-11 weeks) and (weight 18-21 grams) were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Iran and kept under light conditions of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (8 am to 8 pm) and a temperature of 1±23 degrees Celsius and humidity of 40-50% and enough water and food were freely available to them. The data were analyzed using t-test analysis and P<0.05 was considered significant. SPSS software was used for analysis and GraphPad Prism software (V8.5) was used for drawing graphs.

Mice who have experienced swimming showed a higher level of the cytokine interleukin 10 in their hippocampus compared to the control group (p=0.002) and the significant effect of swimming training on spatial memory was confirmed and swimming led to a decrease in hippocampal inflammation. Through the reduction of interleukin 6 levels compared to control group mice (p=0.025).

In this study, the effect of swimming training on the amount of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and spatial memory was investigated, and according to the tests and results obtained, it was determined that swimming training has a significant effect on the reduction of the inflammatory factor interleukin-6 and the increase of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. It is effective in reducing the number of cognitive disorders, including spatial memory. Aerobic exercise can partially reverse the cognitive decline associated with diabetes by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory environment in the brain of T2D animals. Regular exercise has significant benefits on insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes and may persist for more than 72 hours after the last exercise session. Long-term intense exercise can generally lead to higher levels of inflammatory mediators and thus may increase the risk of injury and chronic inflammation. In contrast, moderate exercise or vigorous exercise with adequate rest periods can achieve maximum benefit. Exercise can protect against age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia. We provide evidence of swimming exercise in other animal models that assess cognitive functions and hippocampal inflammatory and Neurotrophic systems. In support of our data, studies are showing that swimming exercise can improve cognitive deficits in various animal models. Regular swimming exercise in mice significantly increases working, spatial and cognitive memory in Alzheimer's disease conditions or is effective in healthy conditions as well. Overall, this study shows that swimming exercise may be suggested as a complementary non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of cognitive decline in affected individuals. However, further studies should focus on training protocols that can be used in humans.

This research investigated the effect of insomnia caused by military guarding on motor performance and salivary cortisol and testosterone concentration. Some 24 male active-duty soldiers were randomly selected and placed in two groups, insomnia, and control. Insomnia consisted of two hours of guarding with military equipment, two hours of on-call, and two hours of sleep, which started at 4:00 PM and lasted until 6:00 AM the next day. Agility, balance, and reaction time were measured as indicators of motor performance. Saliva samples were collected in the morning two days before, in the morning after applying insomnia, and after measuring motor performance. The results showed that agility performance in the insomnia group was weaker than in the control group. The balance performance of the insomnia group did not differ significantly from the control group. The reaction time in the experimental group was slower when compared to the control group. Although the reaction time was affected significantly, the findings of this research showed that salivary cortisol and testosterone concentration, as well as agility and balance, are not affected by this amount/type of sleep deprivation.

Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that can affect the lung apoptosis by in fluencing a number of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways, directly or indirectly. This study was designed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training alongside vitamin D supplementation on the expression of apoptosis genes BCL2, BAX, Caspase3 and BCL2/BAX ratio on lung cell apoptosis in male rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Fourty eight male rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=8) including control, hydrogen peroxide (2H), hydrogen peroxide + vitamin D(2HD), hydrogen peroxide + aerobic exercise (2HE), hydrogen peroxide + vitamin D + aerobic exercise (2HDE), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) groups. For the purpose of inducing apoptosis, 2 mmol/kg of H2O2 was injected three times per week one hour prior to the exercise session. The rats were slaughtered 24 hours following the termination of the exercise sessions and the lung tissue was exposed and stored at -75°C. Then, the RT-PCR method was employed to examine the gene expressions of BAX, BCL2, Caspase3 and BCL2/BAX ratios. It is applied one and two- way analysis of variance and Thuky tests for analysis of data at the significant level of p < 0.05.

BCL2 expression in the 2HE group (p=0.004) and 2HD (p=0.006) increased significantly compared to the control group. While the expression of BAX, BCL2/BAX ratio, Caspase3 in the 2HE and 2HD significantly (p < 0.05) was lower than the control group. On the other hand, 2HDE had a decline effect on BAX gene expression (p=0.03) and BCL2/BAX ratio (p=0.04), but did not show significant effect on expression of BCL2 and Caspase3 gene ( p>0.05).

It seems that that one course of regular aerobic exercise in addition to consuming vitamin D might is likely to cause significant alteration on the expression of genes involved in apoptosis caused by H2O2 presence can be used as a complementary therapy along with other treatments for apoptosis in lung tissue.

The vascular endothelium represents a dynamic boundary between the circulation and the surrounding tissue. These single-layer endothelial cells act as a non-adherent surface for platelets and leukocytes and produce a variety of regulatory factors such as prostaglandins and nitric oxide. Endothelial Proliferative Cells (EPCs) are a rare population of cells that can be stimulated by various stimuli, including ischemia, exercise, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and medications to help preserve endothelial health, prevent endothelial dysfunction, and increase the process of phototherapy.  These cells can improve the function of the ischemic organ organs by inducing angiogenic mediates in places with low oxygen storage or by stimulating the reconstruction of endothelial cells of the damaged blood vessels.  In this review study, signaling pathways, stimuli and factors affecting the production and activation of endothelial progenitor cells in normal and in exercise mode will be investigated. 

The results indicate that endothelial progenitor cells have an important role in the development of angiogenesis. There are two initial and delayed subsets for EPCs that delayed EPCs have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cells. Initial EPCs have more potential to promote vascular repair through paracrine.And in all stages of invoking, deployment, invasion and differentiation of these cells, the various subunits of intrigines are of great importance. Various factors, such as testosterone, palmitate, TNF-α, and physical activity, affect the accumulation of EPCs. Regular physical activity, especially aerobic activity, depending on the intensity and duration of exercise, improves the function of these cells.

Apoptosis is a highly organized and programmed process that plays a vital role in monitoring various types of non-pathological cell events; however, the effect of various sport activities with various intensities on apoptosis is still not fully identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continuous training on some apoptotic markers in the heart tissue of rats. 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups: first week control, last week control, interval training, and continuous training. Interval training was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 2- 8 intervals each session with the intensity of 85-110% of maximum sprint speed, while continuous training was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 16-40 minutes per session equal to 55-60% of maximum sprint speed. To analyze the findings, independent t test and MANOVA were employed using SPSS software (P≤0.05). The gene expression levels of Bax, Caspase 9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in continuous training and interval training groups were significantly lower than the last week control group (P≤0.05); gene expression levels of Bcl-2 in interval training group were significantly higher than the last week control group (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences in gene expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in continuous training and interval training groups (P≥0.05). It seems that interval and continuous training have the same effects on cell anti-apoptotic adaptations in the heart tissues of Sprague Dawley male rats.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training with resveratrol supplementation on regulatory and executive factors of cardiomyocytes apoptosis in streptozocin diabetic male rats.
In an experimental study, 50 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 healthy controls, diabetics, resveratrol supplements, aerobic training and complementary resveratrol + aerobic training. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (50 ml/kg). Training was done 5 days per week for 8 weeks. They did exercise on the treadmill at 15m/min, 5 min and gradient of 15%. At the end of the course, all animals were completely and similarly treated and 48 hours after the last training session, anesthetized and sacrificed. After cardiac out and homogenization, the concentration of BAX, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 was measured individually.
After induction of diabetes, the concentration of BAX and Caspase-3 significantly increased compared with healthy controls, while BCL-2 concentration decreased significantly. However, only exercise interaction and resveratrol had significant effect on BAX concentration and had no significant effect on Caspase-3 levels. Each exercise and resveratrol separately increased BCL-2 concentration, but their interactive effect was not significant.
Aerobic exercise and resveratrol have a beneficial effect on cardiac apoptosis in inducing diabetes, but their interaction is not significant in the process of cardiac apoptosis. Of course, aerobic exercise and resveratrol could be used as complementary therapies for myocardial protection against invasive apoptosis induced by diabetes.

Complex metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia is called diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effect of regular continuous exercise and resveratrol on regulatory and executive factors of hepatocytic apoptosis.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 10, including healthy control, diabetic, diabetic saline, resveratrol supplement, continuous exercise, and resveratrol+continuous exercise. The training program was conducted for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. Resveratrol was injected in resveratrol supplementation supplements and resveratrol+continuous exercise with a dose of 20 mg. Evaluation of apoptotic markers in the liver tissue was performed by ELISA.

BAX and CASPASE-3 concentrations were higher in diabetic and diabetic-saline groups (P≤0.001) .Bcl-2 concentration was also lower in the diabetic and diabetic saline groups (P≤0.001) .Mean BAX/BCL2 ratio was higher in diabetic and diabetic saline groups (P≤0.001) .Continuous exercise, resveratrol administration alone or in particular resveratrol intervention with continuous exercise, significantly decreased the mean BAX and CASPASE-3 concentrations (P≤0.001), BAX/BCL2 (P≤0.001) ratio and there was a significant increase in BCL-2 concentration (P≤0.001) in hepatocyte tissue.

The use of non-pharmacological exercise therapy, resveratrol supplementation, and in particular the combination of these two, can be effective in reducing hepatocyte apoptosis caused by diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious and complex chronic disease and is a major contributor to the health problems around the world. The purpose of this study was to compare the simultaneous effect of resveratrol supplementation and continuous training on anti-oxidative markers (SOD and GPX) and hepatocytic oxidative marker (MDA) in streptozotocin-diabetic male Wistar rats.

60 wistar rats including healthy control groups, diabetic, diabetic saline, resveratrol supplement, continuation training and complementary resveratrol + continuation training were evaluated. (SOD and GPX) and (MDA) were evaluated by ELISA kit. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. The significance level was considered 0.05 and SPSS 23 software was used.

The mean concentration of SOD and GPX in diabetic and diabetic saline patients compared to other groups was significantly lower (P≥0/001) and MDA concentration in diabetic and diabetic saline patients compared to other groups was significantly higher (P ≥ 0/001). continuous training and resveratrol alone or in particular resveratrol intervention with continuous training significantly increased the mean concentration of SOD and GPX concentration (P≥0/001)and A significant decrease was observed in the mean concentration of MDA (P≥0/001).

The use of non-pharmacological exercise therapy, resveratrol supplementation, and in particular the combination of these two, can be effective in increasing the antioxidant markers and reducing oxidative markers due to hepatitis Diabetes.

Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that can affect apoptosis in the lungs by altering a number of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The present study examined effects of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin D on expression of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in lung tissues of male rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide.

Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight, including 2 x H 2 O 2, 2H 2 O 2, Vit D (2HD), 2H2O2 + Regular Exercise Training (2HE), 2H2O2 + D3 + E (2HDE) ; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and control (C). Subjects in the training groups performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks. Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression in the lung tissues was measured using RT-PCR.

Bcl-2 expression in the exercise (P = 0.004) and vitamin D (P = 0.006) groups increased significantly compared to the control groups. Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression was significantly lower in the exercise group and vitamin D supplementation group compared to the control group. On the other hand, concurrent exercise and vitamin D significantly reduce Bax expression but had no significant effect on Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression.

Our results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise along with vitamin D supplementation may play a role in reducing apoptosis in lungs following severe oxidative stress.

Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the
effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare Ethanolic Extract supplementation on the myocardial apoptosis in young male rats. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with an average weight 129±17.86 gr randomly divided in five equal groups: basic (n=8), control (n=8), Origanum vulgare (n=8),
aerobic training (n=8) and aerobic training- Origanum vulgare (n=8). The aerobic training and aerobic training- Origanum vulgare groups participated in a 12-week program (5 sessions of 10-60 min each week, with an intensity of 75-80% of maximum oxygen consumption) running on animal treadmill (15% incline and 24-33 m/s). Also, Origanum vulgare Ethanolic extract was used for supplementation. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, a part of the left venticular tissue of the heart was removed and expression of Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-9 proteins was investigated using RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA test (P<0.05). The results showed that expression of Bax, caspase-9 and Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio in the training and training- Origanum vulgare groups was lower than the control group and expression of Bcl-2
protein was higher than the control group, but this difference was not significant. In addition, the difference between these groups in all Based on these findings, it seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training with supplementation of Origanum vulgare extract did not lead to apoptotic processes and improved mitochondrial
adaptations. Therefore, more research is needed to achieve better and clearer results.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the gene expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 20 male 10-week-old male rats (weight 20±220 gr) were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced intraperitoneally by the injection of nicotinamide-streptozotocin and then were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise and control. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, 5 sessions a week, 10-50 minutes per session and speed of 18-26 meter/minute. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and HNF-4α gene expression in the liver tissue were measured in both groups after the last exercise session and compared by independent t test. The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly decreased fasting glucose (P=0.001), insulin resistance (P=0.044) and significantly increased insulin (P=0.019). Also, the expression of HNF-4α after aerobic exercise significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (P=0.007). Based on these findings, aerobic exercise is likely to reduce the liver HNF-4α gene expression of type 2 diabetic rats by increasing serum insulin. Thus, reduced expression of this gene through the effect of aerobic exercise and thereby reduced production of liver glucose may be one of the mechanisms of the effect of exercise in people with type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress is an important issue in the reduction of recovery rate of bypass patients. Antioxidant supplements have a pivotal role on modifying oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients. In the current study attempts have been made to investigate the synergistic effects of taking Resveratrol supplement with selective exercise recovery training on the lipid profile of patients. In a randomized clinical trial study, among 85 patients referred to the Farshchian Cardiovascular Subspecialty University Hospital, who undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and had not chest angina symptom during exercise test, 40 voluntary subjects were entered into the study and randomly assigned to the four groups: Resveratrol supplement consumption (RSC; n=10), Resveratrol supplement with rehabilitation (RSR; n=10), rehabilitation exercise training (RET; n=10), and control (Con; n=10). The selective sports exercises program lasted for eight weeks. Treatment sessions were organized three secessions for every other day during eight weeks, while supplement group subjects received 400 mg/day resveratrol. Blood sample was taken before exercise training and after 48 hours. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (CHOL) concentration were measured. Analysis of covariance was used for data analyzing and 0.05 was considered as a level of significance Results showed that TG and CHOL concentration improved in the RET, RSR, and RSC than control (p≤0.05), while there was no significant difference between RET, RSR, and RSC (P˃0.05). There is a significant LDL change in RET than control (P=0.046). Also HDL contrarian in RSR was greater than control (P=0.007). It can be said that combined reasveratrol and selective exercise rehabilitation training could improve some lipid profiles and it is more effective than just exercise training rehabilitation and Resveratrol supplement on lipid profiles

Inflammation may cause atherosclerosis by various mechanisms. General inflammatory markers are C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. This study aimed at examining the effect of 8 weeks of different patterns of resistance training on CRP, IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels in healthy untrained women. 31 healthy untrained women who volunteered to participate in the study completed 8 weeks of training in 3 groups: upper body resistance training, lower body and control. Blood samples were collected before and after training and levels of the mentioned markers were determined. The results of one-way ANOVA for CRP and ICAM-1 showed an insignificant difference among the groups. But there was a significant difference in IL-6 changes between lower body training and control groups. The intergroup and intragroup changes of BMI, BF% and WHR were not significant in all groups. The results showed that among the mentioned inflammatory markers, IL-6 showed a significant difference in response to lower body resistance training. A probable reason is the engagement of the group of bigger muscles. Other inflammatory markers showed similar responses to the two methods of upper and lower resistance training.

The reasons that some of these studies have offered for aerobic training’s lack of tangible effect on the level of angiogenesis, are subjects’ readiness and the conditions of their diseases, while others have detected the intensity and the frequency of doing the aerobic trainings as the factors preventing the effectiveness of them on the level of angiogenesis. Thus, the present study studied the effects of taking interval and continuous aerobic trainings on the degrees of angiogenesis and nitric oxide.
Sixty eligible old men in Kahrizak nursing home among volunteers were selected and studied in three groups (Continuous, Interval and Control). First, the initial blood samples were gathered to record of serum WEGF by ELISA kit. In the second stage NO in saliva were measured by conversion of nitrate to nitrite and by Griess reaction. After the 48 hours, experimental group in both continuous and interval carried out training for 6 weeks and the control group continued their daily activities. Post-test data measured and recorded in the same conditions with the pre-test. Obtained data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc and dependent T-test.
The results showed that WEGF serum and salivary NO levels after performing the aerobic training to both continuous and interval methods was not any significantly different (P>0.05). However, the percentage change recorded data for the experimental group than in the control group despite the lack of significant difference of nearly a significant increase in the WEGF serum and saliva levels of NO were observed (No: Continuous and Interval≈ 0/05 increase, Control: 0/01 increase, VEGF: Continuous= 0/03 Increase, Interval= 0/05 Increase, Control= 0/02 Decrease). According to the paradox observed in obese and diabetes subjects can be said that apply the aerobic training in elderly subjects with such conditions requires specific design and likely to be that the implementation of traditional aerobic trainings will not have a significant effect on the WEGF serum and NO saliva levels.
In the present study, we found that doing aerobics training in both continuous and interval courses had no significant effects on the level of angiogenesis and nitric oxide in the old men under study. However, we can maintain that taking aerobic trainings by subjects who suffer from diabetes, hypertension and obesity, based on results from previous studies has no positive effects. Patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension and obesity would see no significant change in their angiogenesis rate after doing continuous or interval aerobic trainings.

This research was designed and performed by the objective of investigating the effect of two hour parade exercise on the blood in urine of girl students of The Police University. Method of work: 80 students of the 4th grade of Police filed with average height of 163.28 cm, age 23.73 years old and weight of 60.28 Kg, 2.5% sport background who exercise 2.95 hours per week and none having the precedent of kidney and urinary tract disorders and there were not treated by medications during the test were selected as targeted randomly as the sample. The sample was ordered in 6 columns of six persons and they passed the stage in slow steps by throwing hands and feet up to 45°. In order to investigate the hematuria, the urine sample of them was gathered after the parade. In order to measure the blood in urine, at first 2.3 of a 16 mm pipe is filled with sample. By entering the analyticon strip made in Germany for 30 seconds up to one minute, by considering the change of color of strip for the rate of blood in urine the range of rare to +4 is reported. The data was analyzed by Wilcoxon’s statistical method. The results indicated that the military parade exercises)two hours(increase the blood in urine. Since there was no blood in urine before parade, it is concluded that performing the parade has caused observance of blood in urine. This finding is compatible to the previous studies reported regarding increase of blood in urine after sport exercises.

Background/ aimed of present study was to compare the effect of selected combined training and current exercise on improvement of physical fitness levels in soldiers of Military Learning Centers Armed Forces. for this purpose Forty healthy soldiers were randomly divided two experimental groups and underwent selected combined training (n= 20) and current exercise (n= 20); and in the two pre and post test were compared. In the during of term learning both groups participate in exercise for a period of 8 weeks, 3 session in each week, each session lasting 45 minutes. For statistical analysis used dependent and Independent-Samples t Test (α= 0/05). Results of this study showed that selected combined trainings induce significant improvement in cardiovascular fitness, scapula endurance, upper extremities endurance, flexibility, agility, speed, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, BMI, BFP, and weight (p=0/001) also current exercise trainings induce significant improvement in weight (p=0/046), abdominal circumference (p=0/042), BMI (p=0/036), BFP (p= 0/011), scapula endurance (p= 0/001), upper extremities endurance (p=0/015), agility (p= 0/022) and speed (p=0/023). Selected combined trainings rather than current exercise trainings have more effects on improvement of cardiovascular fitness (p=0/003), scapula endurance (p=0/001), upper extremities endurance (p=0/001), agility (p= 0/004) and power (p=0/001). Selected combined training was more effective than current exercise program on improving physical fitness levels in soldiers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise combined with milk consumption on angiotensin II, ACE and AT1 levels in obese prepubertal boys. 28 healthy obese prepubertal boys, 9 to 11 years old, were selected and randomly divided into four groups: exercise (Exe), exercise-supplement (Exe-Sup), control (Con) and supplement (Sup). Exercise program included three sessions of aerobic exercise (60% - 75% of maximum heart rate). Milk consumer groups received 300 ml of low-fat cow milk every day. Blood samples were collected before and after the eight weeks. After eight weeks, a significant reduction was observed in angiotensin II, AT1, and ACE levels in the Exe (p= 0.000, p=0.000, p= 0.000 respectively), Exe-Sup (p= 0.000, p=0.000, p=0.002 respectively) and Sup group (p= 0.000, p=0.001, p=0.000 respectively). Discussion and The results showed that regular aerobic exercise may decreased angiotensin II, AT1 and ACE indices and that, this effect was highly intensified when exercise was combined with milk consumption. However, further study is required for more accurate results