فهرست مطالب mohammad ali rezaee isfahani

Semantics is the bridge by which meaning can be studied and texts can be understood and, finally, the intentions and implications of divine revelations can be discovered. The present study makes use of a methodical approach to deal with two essential issues: firstly, the semantic analysis of “furqan” will be carried out in the context of the holy Quran’s verses by way of a semantic study based on the linguistic context and investigation of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. Secondly, semantics will be deployed in reply to the skepticisms regarding the conceptualization of the word furqan in the Holy Quran as stated in the book Letters for the Prophet Muhammad: A Research on the Roots of the Quran. In line with investigations, it can be said that furqan was syntagmatically used with some words like piety and guidance and it was interchangeably used with words such as scale, Quran and the book. As a final definition of furqan, we suggest that it is not of a lexical character and that it is by exercising the divine teachings that one might gain a “light” by means of which one can distinguish the right from the wrong and easily overcome the calamities and conspiracies of the time. Accordingly, the claim by the author of the book Letters for the Prophet Muhammad to the effect that the term “furqan” refers to a book other than the present Quran is rejected.

Orientalists’ followers who tie their horizons of thought to the Orientalists and use their foundations, methods and tendencies to deduce, give value to philosophical hermeneutics for reading and understanding texts and view the text as the dialogue of the object (text) and subject (interpreter), combine them with historical hypotheses historical presupposes. So, we have tried with descriptive – analytical method to explain the viewpoints of Orientalists’ followers like Soroush, Shabistani, Abu Zayd, and Fazlur Rahman in accordance the philosophical hermeneutics, to criticize the plurality in meaning and its fluidity in other words, its cognitive relativism and its usage by the Orientalists is regarded incompatible with the Islamic interpretive tradition in understanding the texts of revelation

The Orientalists’ movement of Quranic studies from the 12th century onwards has had three distinct periods; the first concentrated on the critique of the Quran, the second one accompanied by a colonial and evangelical movements, and the third had a scientific mask. “The Contemporary Interpretation of the Holy Quran” (The Study Quran) in recent years by several American orientalists and edited by Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr in eight volumes as the first volume (including Surah Hamad, Baqarah, A’le-Imran) has been translated into Persian and published is included in the third category. The methodological critique of this work is discussed in this article. First, the strengths of this work, including: the original English language [not translation] and its fluent translation and defense of the revelation of the Quran, are expressed here, then dealt to criticize the principles, interpretive method and mystical approach, as well as the authors’ positions on religious pluralism, diluting verses against Judaism and Christianity and darkening the verses of Ahl al-Bayt (A.S), the Shiite view and the miracle of the Quran. Finally, this book has been considered as the cause of the abandonment of the Quran in the current era, especially in Western societiesIn this article, the methodological critique of this work is discussed. First, the strengths of this work, including: the original English language and its fluent translation and defense of the revelation of the Qur'an, are expressed, then criticizing the principles, interpretive method and mystical approach, as well as the authors' positions on religious pluralism, diluting verses against Judaism and Christianity. Also, the verses of Ahl al-Bayt, the Shiite view and the miracle of the Qur'an have been diminished. Finally, this book has been considered as the cause of the abandonment of the Qur'an in the present age, especially in Western societies.

 The issue of the conflict between science and the Holy Qur'an, as a result of the discussion of the conflict between science and religion, is one of the long-standing topics among the issues of experimental sciences. Therefore, written encyclopedias present this topic directly or indirectly. One of the encyclopedias that has directly entered this category is the entry of "Quran and Science" from Oliver Lyman's encyclopedia written by Dr. Mohammad Shamshir Ali. The following article, after a brief introduction to the Encyclopedia by Oliver Lyman and its author, translates the article and then examines the most salient strengths and weaknesses. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and using library resources. The findings of the research show that the mentioned writing is commendable in terms of trying to recite scientific verses and believing in the incompatibility between new scientific findings and the Qur'an; But it has shortcomings, such as the lack of innovation of the article, exaggeration in the compatibility of the Qur'an and science, lack of reference to Qur'anic and hadith sources, limiting scientific verses to natural sciences, lack of understanding of previous and contemporary Qur'anic scholars, etc.. . is.

Challenging the Holy Qur'an to the fact that it is beyond human comprehension to write a book like it has always been the clearest proof of its divinity. The enemies of Islam have tried for a long time to respond to this advance challenge of the Holy Quran, but they have always failed. In recent years, the most important book have written in opposition to the Holy Qur'an is HOSN AL-EIJAAZ that its publication among the Arab and Islamic communities has provoked various reactions from scholars and Muslim nations. This article, which is the most recent research on this subject, has used the analytical-critical method to review and critique this book in three axes: format, content and proofs. According to the findings of this study, due attention to the verses of the Holy Qur'an that are presented as an advance challenge, it is clear that this book is not even worthy of opposition to the Holy Qur'an let alone to similarity with the Qur'an. Therefore, ZAFER, like other claimants of rivalry, has failed in this field.

This study introduces and criticizes the article of Ali bin Abi Talibah from the encyclopedia of the Holy Quran by Oliver Leaman. The author of the paper, the translation of the cited article, and the strengths and weaknesses of the article are reviewed. The research method is analytical - descriptive using library resources.The author of this article, although is not a Muslim, specializes in the field of research and is familiar with some of the views of Shiites, Sunnis and Sufis about Imam Ali (a.s), avoiding unilateralism, narrates many of the virtues of Imam Ali (a.s). The most important drawbacks of this entry are the following: Incompleteness; although the relation between Imam Ali (a.s) and the Qur'an is partially mentioned, but the relation of the Qur'an to Imam Ali is not clear at all; the difference among the scriptures while the principle of the Qur'an is unified and there is not a dispute about it; It is said that the Quran has been compiled after the Prophet, but there are two different views among the Shiite scholars; and lacking complete documentation is another drawback of this entry; the sources cited in this article are all references of Ismailis and Sunnis while non of the twelve Shiite sources has been referred to.

Abrogation is one of the important and controversial issues pertaining to the Qurʾān. In the eyes of erstwhile scholars, abrogation was used mostly in the literal sense of ‘displacement’ such that they would refer to any restriction, limitation or anything that would exclude something from the general rule as an ‘abrogator’ (nāsikh). However, later scholars considered the concept of abrogation to be far more limited in scope and made a clear distinction between abrogation and the general and specific, the absolute and limited, and exceptions. Since the term abrogation has not been consistently used by scholars, there is a great deal of disagreement on the number of abrogating and abrogated verses such that erstwhile scholars have reported large numbers of abrogating and abrogated verses, while in contemporary times, due to careful attention given to the terminological meaning of abrogation, it is applied only if there is a profound discrepancy between the two verses that is impossible to harmonize. For this reason, there are said to be much fewer abrogated verses and some have even denied the existence of a single abrogated verse in the Qurʾān. However, Orientalists have, without exception, defined abrogation in a manner that would lead to the maximum number of abrogating and abrogated verses. Since they consider abrogation to be the result of contradictions in the Qurʾān and the existence of contradictions in the Qurʾān is considered to be a flaw, they are keen to portray the number of abrogating and abrogated verses as many. The entry on ‘Abrogation’ in Leiden’s Encyclopedia of Islam is one of the instances that need to be critically reviewed. In this article, we have surveyed all the cases where the said article in the encyclopedia claims that abrogation took place and concluded that actual abrogation has not taken place in any of the mentioned cases. In the Qurʾān, there is no truly abrogated verse in the technical sense, and all cases mentioned are either instances of limitations on absolute rulings or specifics of general laws, or cases of prima-facie and conditional abrogation.

In this article, the view of Orientalists regarding the nature of abrogation in Qurʾānic verses have been reviewed and six of their misconceptions about the nature of abrogation have been critiqued. The views that have been reviewed in this article are as follows: 1) Introduction of abrogation as a solution to the contradictions of the Quran; 2) Introduction of the contention between the Qurʾān and jurisprudence, and the differences in juristic opinions as the origin of the idea of abrogation; 3) Introduction of abrogation as a way of reforming and correcting errors in the Qurʾān; 4) Introducing the Prophet‟s forgetfulness as the cause of the concept of abrogation; 5) Considering abrogation as a subjective and arbitrary alteration; 6) Introducing abrogation as a justification for the haphazard compilation of the Qurʾān In addition to critiquing these views, other doubts such as claims of contradictions in the Qurʾān, questioning the revelation and heavenly nature of the Qurʾān, claims of distortion in the Qurʾān, attributing forgetfulness to the Noble Prophet (s) and their incorrect opinions about the collection of the Qurʾān have also been critiqued.

The fact that the verses of the Holy Quran are revelations is one of the fundamental topics in Quranic sciences. Nevertheless, in the present era new hypotheses are emerged to question this fact. “Quran verses are letters” is one of the new hypotheses. It claims Quran is a series of letters sent to The Prophet Muhammad by a particular sect called “Ebionites”. The misgiving stated that considering Quran as a series of letters, resolves many of the Quran`s ambiguities such as Muqatta`at and ambiguities in pronouns. Their reasons for proving their claim are as follow: Inconsistency in Quranic verses, Existence of non-Arabic words and Existence of Muqatta`at. This essay reviewed the mentioned hypothesis with an analytical and critical approach. The outcome is that none of the reasons of the hypothesis conform neither with history nor with verses of Quran. The writer of ”Letters for Prophet Muhammad” relied mostly on speculations rather than strong and reliable sources.

God Almighty has set the Holy Quran as the guiding light for human beings so that they can find the way to bliss and salvation through it. Therefore, it is essential to contemplate more and more and discover the profound depths of the verses in this holy book. One of the topics discussed in this holy book is the topic of the divine traditions. Marriage is one of the traditions discussed in the Quran, and it is so important that God considers it His sign on the earth. This point has been made in the 21st verse of the surah Roum, and since marriage is a way through which one can reach happiness, a precise and detailed examination of it seems necessary. In the field of interpretation of the Quran, a lot of works including books of commentary, papers, and dissertations have been carried out. However, the focus of this research is on a methodical and comparative examination of the above-mentioned verse, with regard to the ideas and views of the Shia and Sunni commentators. There has never been a work as inclusive as this one. The present paper uses a narrative-analytic method. As marriage is a common rule among all of the creatures, especially humans, we have generalized this tradition to all of the people of societies. That is to say, we have considered marriage in thought, soul, and body so as to make comfort, friendliness, and mercy

In the present article, the German translations of the Noble Quran along with their evolution process have been examined. After presentation of a brief history of translating the Quran into German and introduction of some translators who provided the German translations of the Quran, a list of the German translations of the Quran along with details such as the religion and religious sect of the translator, the publication data and place, and the publisher have been presented. Then, based on a categorization of the German translations of the Quran according to the translator's religious sect and the scientific growth, the translations of some verses of the Quran are examined in the light of the translator's religious sect.