mohammad ali zaki

The internet is one of the basic principles of modern societies which has affected different parts of society. Little research has been conducted on the impact of the internet on religiosity. Youth is an important part of the social structure of Iran، so the study examined and explained the impact of the Internet on youth religiosity. The research method was correlation and data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The data were collected by using sampling among the city''s youth (n = 384). Reliabilities of religiosity and Internet questionnaire were 0. 93 and 0. 78، respectively. Descriptive results indicated that the youth''s use of the Internet was below the average and their religiosity was above the average. Correlation analysis showed a very weak negative relationship between the internet and religiosity. Regression analysis indicated that among the eight types of internet use، only three types of chatting، work and education، and games and entertainment had the most influence on religiosity. The results of path analysis showed that the three variables of socio-economic status (- 0. 27)، internet usage (- 0. 16)، and urban social area (- 0. 13) had the highest negative impact on religiosity. Through use of Internet، social class variable had an indirect influence on the youth religiosity.

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the social well-being of residents in the city of Isfahan. To do so, the effect of four social variables i. e. social trust, social commitment, social responsibility and social alienation on social well being was explored. Furthermore, an attempt was made to identify the relationship between nine background variables (sex, marital status, age, employment, education, immigration, income, social class and urbon areas) and social well being. The research population of this study consisted of all residents aged 19-59 year-old, of which 384 individuals were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, t- test, analysis of variance, regression and path analysis. The results indicated that there was a direct and statistically significant relationship between social well-being, social responsibility, social commitment and social trust. There was also an indirect significant relationship between social well being and social alienation.There was a significant relationship between each of the seven variables (i.e. age, level of education, job status, immigration, social class, income and urban social area) and social well-being. The results of path analysis revealed that the following six variables had the most influence of social well-being: social alienation (-0. 42), social trust (0. 36), social classification structure (0. 15), social responsibility (0. 13), social commitment (0. 10) and immigration (0. 07). All these variables could account for 63 percent of the variance of Isfahan residents’ social well-being.

Internet is an important part of everyday life of the present society. The Technology Acceptance Model of Davis tries to give analysis of how to use internet. Attitudes towards internet are one of the variables of the model. The present paper tries to test validity of attitudes towards internet. The data in this study was collected among BA and MA male and female students from Isfahan University and Islamic Azad University، Dehaghan Branch using survey research. The tool used was Jones and Clark questionnaire on attitudes towards internet. The results indicated that the students’ attitudes towards internet were expressed at a high level. Significant difference in attitudes towards the internet based on sex، kind of university and level of education was not observed. The reliability of the research tool was 0. 84. The factor analysis confirmed that all 40 items of the tool could be reduced to three factors، which indicates the constructor validity of the tool.

Computer anxiety is one of the current issues in computer researches. The starting point in computer anxiety analysis is the use of precise and reliable tools in measurement. The purpose of the study is testing and validating computer anxiety scales. The research method was a survey one. The statistical population included all male and female trainees of computer sciences in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 200 male and female trainees were selected through multi-stage simple random sampling method. Bandalos and Benson Computer Anxiety scale (1990) was used as the instrument to gather data. The reliability of the instrument was estimated through Cronbach Alpha for all male and female trainees 0/815; 0/84 and 0/78 respectively. Construct validity (factor analysis) showed that CAS can be reduced to two factors (positive and negative factor trend). CAS among the trainees was under estimated and there was no significant difference between male and female trainees. The results showed that the more the trainees use computer، the less anxiety they would have. There was no significant difference between computer anxiety and the level of education among the subjects; however، having a computer at home had significant effect in reducing anxiety.

Students have interpretations and attitudes toward school materials.these attitudes play an important role in their pedagogic performance.The purpose of the present paper are:a) measuring of the Attitudes Toward Mathematics, B) Measuring of the Exam Anxiety, C) Relationship between Attitude Toward Math and Exam Anxiety.This study is survey research and the research instrument contain two part:1) Mathematics Attitudes Scale (MAS, Aiken, 1985, 2005) which contains 28 items and four subscales (Enjoyment, Important, Motivation and Fear). 2) Questionnaire of the Exam Anxiety of the course (Abulghasemi et al, 1375). The subjects were 200students (100 boys and 100girls) which were randomly selected with multistage sampling from the secondary years of Isfhan High schools of Science and Humanities masors. The result showed significant relationship between each of these subscales as well as attitudes toward Mathematics course with its exam anxiety(-0/365).Level of the Attitudes Toward Mathematics and Exam Anxiety were evaluded in the middle.The results also showed that there were not a significant difference between the Attitude Toward Mathematics and Exam Anxiety of the male with female also between the Science and Humanities.

Transition To University is one of the most critical events of the Youth lives, which accompanies with high pressure on Them. Hence, appropriate performances from the students are required for their adaptation to new situation. Such an adaptation is influenced by different variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between adaptation to University and social support. The data of this study collected from 200 male and female students of Isfahan University. The research instruments included: i) Baker and Siryk’s Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) (1986,1989,1999) which measures Fours dimensions of Academic Adjustment, social Adjustment, Personal-Emotional Adjustment and Institutional Attachment, and ii) Zimet, Dahlam, Zimet, and Farley’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSSS) (1988,1990) which consists of three dimensions: family social support, friends social support, others important social support. Reliability of instrument for total, male, and female students is respectively 0.873,0.846 and 0.895. The degree of adaptation to university was average, and Personal-Emotional adjustment was estimated high where as this adaptation to academic, social, and institutional attachment has been evaluated as an average level. the research shows that social support is fairly in high level. There is meaningful relationship between adaptation to university and social support (r=0.38). But, there is no difference between male and female students in this respect. Three dimensions of social supports and four dimensions of adaptation have a meaningful relationship with adaptation to university.

Social pathology is one of the most common and practical specialized fields in sociology which thrives by the passing of time. Social pathology comprises a wide variety of topics one of which is family social pathology which is probed into in this study.Meta-analysis is the most significant method used to summarize the past, abundant, various and extensive studies on a particular topic. Meta-analysis is considered a suitable method for development and accumulation of knowledge. In addition, knowledge measurement is one of the most efficient methods used to evaluate the general status of research studies. This method is utilized to gauge the quantity of scientific production. Focusing on meta-analysis and knowledge measurement, the current study deals with three important research issues: the trend of research studies, patterns and tendencies of research studies and family social pathology studies in Iran in years 2001 – 2011. Following meta-analysis and knowledge measurement approaches, this study was carried out on the basis of content analysis method and the required data were collected from the research journals indexed in Jihad-e Daneshgahi Scientific Database until mid-2012.The findings indicated that family social pathology studies in Iran have constantly increased in years 2001 – 2011. The research patterns have been reported in terms of the year of publication, number of authors, scientific cooperation, the role of female and male authors in research partnership, the volume of essays, the type of research journal and geographic distribution. Beside the ten subsidiary types of research studies, the findings indicated that the main research tendencies were running away from home (runaway girls and running away from home) (26%), violence at home (violence against women and home violence) (25%) and harassment in the family (child abuse and spouse abuse) (25%) respectively and other cases (divorce, socializing with the opposite sex, female householders, pediarchy, loss of father) included 24% percent.

This piece of research is intended to review the components of organizational effectiveness of schools and the socio-educational factors which influence it. This is a survey research which has collected data by applying organizational effectiveness questionnaire of Baldwin School (SEQ, 1993-1998). Baldwin questionnaire reviews 11 factors of school effectiveness. Teachers’ traits include four variables: gender, age, years of working, and education. High schools teachers of Shahreza in academic school year 1384-85 were selected as the subject of this research. The data were coded after being gathered. Then, SPSS statistical software was applied to analyze the data. Explanatory univariate and bivariate, as well as referential methods were used for data analysis.The results indicated that organizational effectiveness of school was very high. The researcher found out that the eleven factors of effectiveness can be set in the following order: effective educational leadership, positive atmosphere of the school, frequent evaluation and control of students’ achievements. Clear scientific justification, participation of the teachers in educational decision making, optimum learning opportunities, excessive educational expectancies, immune and organized school environment, professional development of teachers, emphasis on main skills, the necessity of relationship between school and home. The results also indicated that there was no significant relationshipbetween the four-fold traits of the teachers (gender, age, years of working, and education). The researchers also found out that all eleven factors can be merged into one factor. This is called the indicator of organizational effectiveness of school.

Islamic Revolution in Iran has made a favorable infrastructure for scientific research. A part of these research refers to the dissertations in which post-graduate students of state universities have tried to analyze Islamic revolution. Academic dissertations are valuable information source that bring about special conditions for research. Content analysis is a common procedure through which many research have been carried out.
The purpose of this article is to study and analyze research on Islamic revolution in Iran between 1979 –2010. About 80 thesis has been written on Islamic Revolution in Iran during 25 years by graduate departments of state universities. Based on this fact, this research employs "second analysis" method on available information that has been collected on the basis of data available in database of Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and technology (IranDoc) affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The main variables of this research, in addition to nine research trends, consist of research partnership by gender, discipline, programme, type of university, thesis date, and number of pages of research.

This paper provides some arguments in the field of self efficacy of computer users in two universities of the province of Isfahan, Iran. The results of this argument come from a survey research that used a standard questionnaire previously validated in a number of other surveys. The data I have gathered are based on a survey that was done among 200 samples including male and female students. The paper uses descriptive data analysis to describe what the situation of samples is in terms of age, education and place of computer use. A larger part of analysis, however, is placed on examination of the research hypothesis. Some of the findings indicate that there is no significant correlation between computer self efficacy among male and female students. The findings also indicate that there is no correlation between self efficacy of students in Isfahan and Shahreza. My analysis, however, indicated that there is a direct by negative correlation between and age and computer self efficacy. This means as age increases the self-efficacy decreases.

The purpose of the present study is to measure male and female students’ attitudes towards Social Studies course and to investigate its relationship with students’ exam anxiety in public high schools of the first and fifth areas of Isfahan. Students have different interpretations and attitudes toward school materials. Curriculum developers must plan the curriculum based on real and valid data gathered from investigating students’ attitude towards the course presented in the high school. Two instruments are employed in the current study. The first one is Mathematics Attitudes Scale (MAS, Aiken, 1985; 2005) which has been modified based on the Social Studies Course. This instrument contains 28 items and four subscales (Enjoyment, Important, Motivation and Fear). The second one is Exam Anxiety Questionnaire (Abulghasemi et al., 1375). The data was collected from 300 male and female high school students of Isfahan. The reliability of Mathematics Attitudes Scale in this study was found to be 0.77. The results show that there is a negative correlation between students’ level of attitude towards social studies course and exam anxiety. The results of the study also revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female students with regard to their attitudes and anxiety levels in social studies course.

To investigate and explain alienation is one of the main concerns of sociology of youth in contemporary Iran. Sociology tries to study its different dimensions so as to offer a scientific analysis of the nature and causes of alienation, various effects and consequences of alienation, social patterns of alienation (based on sex, age, religion and etc.), alienation among particular social groups (youth, teachers and etc.), and shapes and aspects of alienation (institutional, cultural and etc.).Measuring the level of youth alienation is considered one of the research sectors of alienation. Researchers employ different tools to survey various dimension of alienation. Among them, theoretic model of Meddi, Kohasa and Hoover (1979) simultaneously considers two parts of alienation: a. four forms of alienation including powerlessness, a sense of lacking identity, meaninglessness, lacking adventures; b. five theme of alienation including, self-alienation, alienation from job, alienation from family, alienation from social relations and alienation from social institutions. Comprehensiveness of the model of Meddi et al is a motivation for the present survey research which aims at testing and validating the first alienation questionnaire in Iran. The research data is gathered from 300 youth. It will be analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistics (one-variable and two-variable), and inferential statistics (t-test, coefficient, factor analysis).

Studying job satisfaction is used as a means for collecting data in organizations. This enables the managers, first, to compare vicarious work groups and departments, and second, to categorize the problems, and third, to identify the employee's expectations and perceptions. In turn, they will be able to decrease the gap between status quo and the desired situation. The function of universities with regard to job satisfaction can be divided into two main groups; that is, educational function (training experts and skillful people), and research functions (including research projects and dissertations). The significance of the second function has made the researchers analyze the content of the dissertations on subjects such as tourism.Based on several researches conducted in this field, including researches on job satisfaction, the researchers intended to provide a research model. To do so, the contents of 238 dissertations written during 1358 to 1386 in the public universities of Iran were analyzed. Content analysis and secondary research were applied to analyze the information. SPSS statistical analysis was applied for conducting content analysis by explanatory, both univariate and bivariate researches. The final outcomes of the research were classified into five important classes of gender participation, being interdisciplinary, being inter-institutional, time factor, and the four inclinations of job satisfaction.

As an academic discipline, Tourism has a relatively short history in Iran. Academic institutions contribution to tourism is divided into two distinct area: Human resource development, and research (as reflected by projects and dissertations). The importance of the research functions o the academic institutions gives incentive to researchers to study and analyze the content of dissertations on tourism. The principle aim of the present article is to review the research trends in Tourism in Iran. Content analysis was carried out on 155 dissertations produced between 1965 and 2006. Data for the research was collected by accessing Irandoc database. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive single variable and dual variable analysis was employed. Independent variables included gender, number of pages, field of study, type of academic institution and the date the dissertation was defended. Research trends in tourism were the dependant variable classified into 22 sub categories and 11 categories. Research findings demonstrate that most of the research trends in tourism in Iran are confined to four subjects: Tourist complexes, Development of Tourism, Economic impact of Tourism and Tourism Planning. Least and most researches on Tourism was carried out during the period of Holy Defense (2%) and 1997 onwards (67%) respectively.

The aim of the present article is to assess the reliability and validity of the Social Provision Scale (SPS). This experiment is a survey study. The subjects consisted of 200 male and female students of Isfahan University who were selected using randomized cluster sampling and were then evaluated using Cutrona and Russell's social provision scale. Goldberg's Well-being Questionnaire was used to assess the validity of the study’s instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and univariate and multivariate analysis of variance. Cronbach’s alpha for all subjects, males and females was 0.85, 0.87 and 0.82 respectively. Assessment of validity using factor analysis revealed that the six sub-scales of social support can be reduced to one factor, which could be refered to as social support. There was a significant relationship between social support and feeling of happiness (r=0.449) which indicates the validity of the instrument. The Social Provision Scale support instrument has a highly significant validity and reliability and is suitable to Iranian culture.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the research trends of the specialized Journals on Tourism using a content analysis of the sample of these journals. Furthermore, the paper will introduce eight trends of these journals, which is considered the contribution of this argument. It should be noted that the development of Tourism industry has attracted the government officials’ attentions in Iran and elsewhere. These developments have caused the academic atmospheres to treat tourism as a discipline and support the scientific research in this field. Along with the disciplinary developments of the field, a special attention also has been placed on the development of specialized journals. In this respect, numerous researches have been made to analyze, assess and evaluate scientific journals in recent decades. Since tourism is also a matter of concern in contemporary Iranian scholarly atmosphere, the paper has taken the cause to develop it into a full capacity academic activity. In order to do that, I have considered the analysis of the research trends of tourism’s journals to be one of the first but formost steps.

Since quality of life, happiness and life satisfaction are regarded as indices of general and mental health, this research evaluates the correlation between quality of life and self-esteem among students. The present study was a survey research in which 200 Isfahan University Students (100 females and 100 males) were evaluated. To measure quality of life and self esteem, Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI) and Rabson’s Self-esteem Questionnaire were used respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. Results indicate a significant relationship between self-esteem and quality of life (r=0.48), but there was no significant difference between the quality of life of male and female students of Isfahan University. Also, even though there was a significant statistical relationship between each of the five factors of quality of life and self-esteem, regression analysis showed that the factors of interpersonal relationship, transcendence and function had the highest predictive power of self-esteem from among the five factors. There is a correlation between students’ evaluation of their quality of life and their self-esteem.

The purpose of the present study has been assessing life satisfaction as an indicator of positive attitude towards life. Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) was used for 200 high school students (100 boys and 100 girls) with three educational field of study: mathematics, science, and humanities in districts three and five of Isfahan city. They were selected on a randomized multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were then analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, and factor analysis. Cronbach’s Alpha in all subjects, male students, and female students were 0.863, 0.844 and 0.884 respectively. Furthermore, the reliability of the instrument was considered acceptable for the educational districts (of three and five) as well as among the three educational study fields (mathematics, science, and humanities). Reliability of five research subscales: friends, self, school, family, and living environment was also reported as acceptable. Factor analysis indicated that items of instrument could be reduced to five factors reflecting construct validity. This scale can be used as a reliable measure in the high school students in Isfahan

The advent of the third millennium witnessed the culmination of two decades of interest expressed by social researchers about the importance, status and utilization of ICT, particularly the Net, concerning scientific production in the areas of theory-formation and research. Part of this scientific output dealt with measurement of internet attitude. The present paper attempts to test, measure and validate internet attitude scales. It offers the findings of a survey conducted among 200 students, both male and female, at Isfahan University and Isfahan University of Medical Science. Standard Dinev and Koufteros questionnaire was used. It measures two kinds of attitude towards internet use and self-efficacy. Using factor analysis, the present paper investigated the reliability of two sets of questionnaires. Both possessed appropriate internal consistency. Construct Validity was confirmed using factor analysis. The statements incorporated within the research instrument could be distinguished and therefore offers a suitable tool for evaluating internet attitude.

One of the most prevalent studies in educational organizations,is to give attention to the amount of educational/academic achievement,as well as,to determining such effective factors as,social,educational and personal,on the student’s academic achievement.This study have been infocus by investigators in the various fields of the humanities including,sociology,education and psychology. The research main question(sociological approach)is a test of the effect of social factors,social satisfaction,and self-esteem and respect on academic achievement.Studying the theoretical models and testing them,the present research seeks to present theoretical model based on control variables(sex,social class,kind of school),intermediate variables(subjective or self-esteem and objective,or social satisfaction).The research instrument is Pope’s self-esteem Inventory and measurement of self-made social satisfaction such that amount of the reliability and validity were measured as meaningful and acceptable.(0.874 and 0.876). To test the theoretical model,a survey study was carried on 200 students,male and female attending grade two public and private high schools in Shahreza.Statistical procedures affect descriptive statistics,t-test,correlational,multiple regression analysis,factor analysis,discriminant analysis and path analysis.The results were coded and extracted by SPSS and then,analyzed due to various kinds of analysis,such as unvariable,bivariables and mult-variables. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between each of these five variables(sex,social class,education,self-esteem and social satisfaction)and educartional achievement and most of the chandes related to educational achievement are determined by sex,kind of school and social satisfaction.Although self-esteem has a significante relationship with educational achievement,the degree of this relationship has been reduced by social satisfaction controiled.