فهرست مطالب mohammad amin norouzi

Rapeseed with the scientific name (Brassica napus L.) are one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. Considering the country's increasing need to import oil and the importance of rapeseed among oilseeds plants, increasing the yield and percentage of oil is very important. Therefore, identification the traits that increase seed yield, play an important role in the success of breeding programs. Yield is a complex trait that is affected by many factors. direct selection of a variety for yield is not often very effective, so investigating the relationships between grain yield and other traits for indirect selection may be effective. In such a situation, correlations may not clarify the relationships well, therefore, multivariate statistical methods and path analysis can help in understanding the nature of the relationship between traits for direct or indirect selection and improve the efficiency of selection in breeding programs plants become useful.

In this study, eight genotypes of spring rapeseed (SPN-202, SPN-204, SPN-206, SPN-207, SPN-217, SPN-225, SPN-227, SPN-182) along with 56 rapeseed hybrids (F1) were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop years in the research farm of Gorgan Agricultural Research Station. During the experiment, phenological, morphological traits, yield and yield components were recorded. The normality of the data was evaluated based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. In order to understand the relationships between traits and to identify the traits affecting on grain yield, at first, correlation coefficients were estimated, then stepwise regression were done. Then, path analysis based on correlation coefficients was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of traits. Finally, all traits were grouped based on principal component analysis.

The results of analysis of variance indicate a significant difference for all studied traits at the probability level of one percent. The coefficient of variation (C.V) for the traits varied from 1.37 (physiological maturity) to 10.31 (number of sub-branches), which indicates that there is sufficient accuracy in conducting the research. The results of correlation evaluation showed that number of pod per lateral branches (0.864), number pods per Plant (0.865), number of lateral branches (0.466), physiological maturing (0.329) and number of grain per pod (0.358) had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield (P<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the traits of number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod and 1000-grain weight has a decisive role on grain yield. Based on the results of path analysis, number of pods per plant had the most direct effect (0.881) and number of grain per pod had the most indirect effect (0.053) through the number of pods per plant on grain yield. In order the results of principal component analysis, four components were able to explain 75.91% of the changes in the measured data of 64 rapeseed varieties.

Results of the path analysis showed that number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod and 1000-grain weight had a direct positive effect on grain yield. Also, the stepwise regression analysis showed that the stated traits have the highest regression coefficients. Therefore, selection for these traits can be very effective in achieving high performance

With the social and economic developments, as well as the new roads that are being built every year, the need for a smooth and durable pavement that has a longer service life is fully felt. In addition, it is no secret that the use of traditional asphalt mixes causes many environmental problems due to the use of bitumen, which is a non-renewable source. Therefore, researchers have been looking for a solution to improve pavement performance and find a suitable alternative to bitumen. One of these alternative materials is derived from biological sources, commonly referred to as BioAsphalt. In this study, the possibility of using lignin and waste engine oil, which are bio-asphalt materials, in bitumen to improve its properties was investigated. The lignin used in the study was extracted from black liquor. Waste engine oil was also taken from a car repair shop. The samples are PG64-22 as control sample, samples containing 5% and 10% lignin, samples containing 4% waste engine oil, and samples containing both additives. Superpave tests including RV, DSR, BBR, RTFO, PAV and MSCR were performed on all samples at different temperatures to fully examine the samples rheologically. The results showed that the addition of lignin or WEO or a combination of both, can improve the rheological properties of bitumen. Also using waste materials in bitumen can be useful from an environmental and economic point of view.

Bilateral diallel crosses of eight rapeseed genotypes were used to graphically analyze and estimate of genetic parameters for agronomic and physiological characteristics. F1 along with their parents (64 genetypes) were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Gorgan Agriculture Research Station, in 2019-2020. The results of analysis of variance showed that a and b components were significant for all traits. The results of the Jinks-Hayman test indicated that hypothesis of the genetic analysis were satisfied for pod length, number of pod per lateral branches, number of pods per plant and 1000-grain weight traits. Analysis revealed significant values for D and H1 estimation for all traits, which indicated the existence of both additive and non-additive effects on genetic control of these traits. While the proportion of non-additive variance was higher than the additive effects for all traits, which was in agreement with high mean levels of the degree of dominance. The positive and significant sign of F confirmed that there are much more dominant alleles than recessive alleles in parents, regardless of whether they have a negative or positive effect. Based on Hayman graphical analysis, 1000-grain weight was influenced by the dominance of genes. Narrow-sense inheritance levels were low for all traits, which could indicate a greater impact of environmental and non-additive effects on their genetic control. The results showed that selection-based methods were not very effective in canola yield improving and production of hybrids and exploiting the effects of gene dominance is necessary.

Oilseed rape is one of the most important oilseeds in Iran. Due to limited genetic resources, the development of its cultivated area requires genetic diversity by hybridization in breeding programs and, finally, introducing potential lines to the agricultural community. Therefore, this study aimed to generate genetic diversity by hybridizing eight spring rapeseed genotypes using a complete diallel design and investigating the inheritance and genes action of some agronomic traits, yield, and its components in F1 progeny in a complete block design with three replications in 2018- 2019 and 2019-2020 crop years. Analysis of variance components showed that the mean squares of general combining ability were significant only for branching height, podding height, pods per lateral branches, and pods per plant. In contrast, mean squares of specific and reciprocal combining ability were significant for all traits. The highest and lowest values of sprecific heritability obtained for podding height (18%) and grain per pods (0.4%), respectively. The GCA/SCA ratio also indicated the importance of additive effects for branching height, podding height, pods per lateral branches and pods per plant. Parents SPN-182 and SPN-202 had a positive and significant general combining ability for lateral branches, pods per lateral branches, pods per plant, grain per pod and grain yield. SPN-207×SPN-182 and SPN-206×SPN-182 hybrids with the highest positive and significant specific combining ability are essential for grain yield traits to produce single cross hybrids.

One of the main factors that cause distresses and cracks in asphalt pavement is ageing and it makes pavements deteriote over time. Previous studies about this phenomenon have shown that the use of "bioasphalt" has a positive effect on the ageing and it can act as an antioxidant and rejuvenating material. In this study, the possibility of using lignin and waste engine oil in bitumen to improve the chemical and ageing properties of bitumen was investigated. The lignin used in the study was extracted from black liquor. Waste engine oil was taken from a car repair shop. The samples are PG64-22 as control sample, samples containing 5 and 10% lignin, samples containing 4% waste engine oil, and samples containing both additives. FTIR analysis, ICP analysis, CHNS analysis and SEM analysis were performed on the samples to better investigate the effect of additives on aging. Also, three important aging indices were calculated using RV, DSR and FTIR tests. The results showed that the addition of lignin or WEO or a combination of both, can improve the chemical properties of bitumen. Also using waste materials in bitumen can be useful from an environmental and economic point of view. They are also effective for aging resistance and can be used as a rejuvenator.