mohammad dashti

The Talpuran dynasty was one of the local governments of the Sindh region that ruled the Sindh region for about 172 years (1783-1955 AD). The issue of this research is, what was Talpuran's ethnic and religious identity? This research investigated the above issue with a historical approach and with a descriptive-analytical method and came to the conclusion that the Talpurans were among the Baluchs of Iran and followers of the Twelver Shia religion, and they formed a government in the Sindh region. Contrary to the hypothesis of the rival and according to the historical reasons and evidences, before reaching power in Sindh province, the Talpuran dynasty were Twelver Shiites.

Knowing the obstacles to economic movement is one of the requirements for creating a new Islamic civilization. What are these obstacles from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view is the question of this article. To answer this question, the descriptive, analytical and theoretical framework of "Six Elements of Movement" was used. The findings of the article can be categorized into six sections. 1- Obstacles related to the origin and start of economic movement such as; Economic dependence, single product and state-owned economy. 2- Obstacles related to the topic and content of economic movement such as; Lack of Islamic economic knowledge, unhealthy economy and its negative effects. 3- Obstacles related to the subject and the subject system of economic movement, such as: lack of civilizational motivation and jihadist spirit, and the weak presence of people in the economy. 4- Obstacles related to the distance and environment of economic movement; Such as neglecting the six processes of economic movement, neglecting the road map and ambiguity in the path of economic movement, neglecting the discourse of economic movement 5- Obstacles related to time (opportunities and challenges) of economic movement such as: lack of reasonable knowledge of the past, lack of correct knowledge From the current situation, the lack of understanding of the future. 6- Obstacles related to the destination and purpose of the economic movement such as; Ignoring the structures appropriate to modern Islamic civilization and ignoring the good life realized in Islamic civilization.

Paying attention to the knowledge-based economy is one of the most important strategies of Iran's economy in order to achieve the goals of the vision document and realize the resistance economy. Iran's economy needs to develop and promote an economy that is based on knowledge and its main form is technical knowledge, in order to be able to compete in the international arena and to strengthen the domestic economy and also to prevent the raw sale of excessive import of goods. The main axis of such flow are knowledge-based institutions and companies, which actually bear the main burden of this movement. An important part of the literature of knowledge-based economy and their support in the country's upstream documents and in the country's general and macro-policies in the 20-year vision document and the general policies of the resistance economy have also been considered. In the current era, making the economy knowledge-based by relying on the production of science until commercialization, and in other words, turning the dominant aspect of the country's economy into a knowledge-based economy, is considered one of the most important goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, in order to examine the obstacles and solutions to realize the knowledge-based economy, the statements of the supreme leader of the revolution were analyzed with thematic analysis method, and his intellectual system was categorized into four parts: importance, requirements, obstacles, and solutions.

An important part of the birth and development of classical mathematical sciences is owed to the Iranians in the process of Islamic civilization, which was achieved following the implementation of policies and tact of the governments and scientists of the era of Buyid, Seljuk, and Ilkhanate, so it can be said: one of the important phenomena of the history of science And the social history of the middle Islamic period is the extraordinary and simultaneous development of mathematical sciences and the Shiite religion in the Ilkhanate era, which was often accompanied by the political-scientific planning of Khwaja Nasir al-Din Tusi. With its capture by the Muslim Arabs, they consider it similar, they set a stage in the evolution and development of the history of mathematical sciences in Iran. Maragheh and Tabriz became the center of activity of scientists and the scientific capital of the Ilkhanate, and the Islamic intellectual and transmission sciences, especially the sciences related to Shia It has developed tremendously, a subject that has not been clearly explained, therefore, the present article aims to answer this question through a descriptive-analytical method and library studies: the details of scientific achievements in arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. And what was trigonometry? The findings of this research show that in this period, with the rise of the production of meteorological instruments and the writing of Zijs, such innovations were It gained popularity and became a common export product to Europe.

The Prophet's biography has long been considered by Muslim writers in terms of theoretical and practical importance. Undoubtedly, correct and successful research in this regard requires that all available sources and narrations be considered and critiqued. Although the book Safina al-Bahar is one of the later sources, it is more important for cataloging the book Bihar al-Anwar and collecting scattered narrations from various Shiite sources.The main purpose of this study is to explain the cultural components of Islamic civilization based on the book Safineh Al-Bahar. Therefore, an attempt is made to study and explain the approach of the Ship of the Sea as a Shiite source to the components of Islamic civilization.Considering that the basis of the book Safina al-Bahar is based on the knowledge of hadith and the works of the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity; The theoretical framework of biography research and documentary-library method along with filing tools have been used for writing.

 With the emergence of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, a high toll of mortality and morbidity was imposed on Iran. Despite endeavors to control the disease using the social distancing protocols, isolations, quarantine and vaccination, COVID-19 is still afflicting individuals by mutation and development of new variants. Studies suggest higher morbidity and mortality among men compared to women, and in men with underlying diseases. Studies suggest low serum testosterone level as a risk factor for more severe diseases. We aimed to assess the relation of testosterone level with laboratory investigation and its effect on COVID-19 disease outcomes. 

 Seventy patients were selected from those referred to Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital during February 2022 till July 2022. The patients were further categorized in two groups regarding their need for respiratory support: patients who did not need invasive respiratory support and patients who needed invasive respiratory support and were admitted to the intensive care unit. Blood samples were collected for laboratory examination. Each patient was followed for one month, and the outcomes were recorded. 

 The mean age of the participants was 64.44 years including 33 men and 37 women. Mean serum total and free testosterone level was 0.45 nmol/L and 1.22 nmol/L, respectively. Demised patients were significantly older and had significantly lower total testosterone levels. D-dimer was significantly higher in demised patients. 

 Serum total testosterone levels can be used as a prognostic factor to predict COVID-19 patients’ prognosis. Serum total testosterone is inversely associated with disease severity, and lower serum total testosterone level is significantly associated with higher mortality. Moreover, inflammatory markers such as D-dimer can be used to determine prognosis and severity.

Halvan was the old name of the present-day city of Sarpol-e Zahab in the west of the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural, religious and civilizational situation of Helwan to the antiquity and importance of this city and the reasons for the attention of rulers and kings to this region, despite the important Islamic cultural and civilizational works including Ahmad Ibn Ishaq and dozens of historical monuments. Many pilgrimages in the Islamic era and more attention of the rulers to this region and the ancient road and the Silk Road that passes through this city, has been the point of connection between Iran and Mesopotamia and the Western world. The present study seeks to answer the question Has it been in a different position? The research hypothesis is that Helwan, due to its strategic and border location, the land route of pilgrimage to Atbat and Hajj, has a special status and has attracted the attention of the rulers. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Findings show that the border and strategic location, the relationship with neighboring civilizations and favorable climatic conditions have led to the migration of tribes to the region. At the beginning of the heavenly invitation of Islam, the people of this region welcomed the Islamic invitation with open arms and it was of great ethnological importance and included various ethnic groups with different religions.

Hamidi Officials is one of the esteemed works of Persian prose and indicates various readable material with different people that Judge Hamid al-Din has dealt with in his speeches. One of these components is two characters, old and young, who appear in various scenes. In the authorities, the word "old" has a higher frequency and its role than "young", and in fact, the author has paid special attention to these two categories. According to Judge Hamid-al-Din, white hair is not a source of credit, but a position of wisdom that gives dignity and greatness to the old, and this greatness and greatness can also be bestowed on a wise, intelligent and prudent young man to sit in old age in youth. In this text, old and young, in addition to the appearance aspects, have also appeared in metaphorical and ironic roles. But what the judge of Balkh wants is a wise old man who can also have intelligence and votes. Therefore, this article examines the role of these two characters in this text by content analysis method and by library tools.

In the thesis of modern Islamic civilization as put forward by Grand Leader Ayatullah Khamenei, one of the emphasized pivotal points in his thought is the mentally-posited obstacles in creating a modern Islamic civilization into which no research has ever been made. Drawing upon a descriptive-analytic method, this article aims to identify the factors causing inactivity in creating a modern Islamic civilization, basing its discussions on ÝAllÁmeh ÓabÁÔabÁÐ’s theory of mentally-posited concepts as well as the teachings of the Holy Quran and certain Islamic sources, trying to provide an answer to the question, “What factors has the Grand Leader, Ayatullah Khamenei, introduced as the mentally posited-obstacles in achieving a modern Islamic civilization?” The findings of the present research shows that inattention to identity considerations and multiplicity of ideational divisions as well as changing and unchanging needs whose results would be infiltration, dependence, insecurity, self-deprecation and imitation along with inattention to the needs of what he calls pre-society and post-society and the way in which mentally-posited knowledge stands in relation to social realities and faces diversities of the modern Islamic civilization in discrediting the principles of the Islamic Revolutions, the Imam Khomeini’s line, Islamic life-style and, last but not least, discrediting the necessity of countering the enemy’s threat are the main causes of stagnation or inactivity in creating modern Islamic civilization.

Upcoming doubts and challenges of 'growth theory' for development, and its uncertain pathway over the recent decades, have led to the consideration of the theory of 'human development', with guarantees and provisions such as ' development ethics' and 'the right to development', for realizing the advancement that its object is 'humans' and people. Nevertheless, since these pre-mentioned provisions from Amartya Sen’s standpoint ultimately require an understanding and interpretation of the "human" identity, and in the theory of "human development" this argument does not have the necessary theoretical adequacy, this article has attempted to be an intellectual aide by "existential anthropology" and “the human existential right" in the theory of human development.

Traffic accidents and casualties are one of the current challenges of human societies endangering human health and imposing a heavy economic burden on communities. It is of utmost importance to identify the psychological causes and factors affecting the occurrence or severity of traffic accidents. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the effects of traffic behavior on the occurrence of accidents in Azarshahr, Iran, in 2019.

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 260 drivers in Azarshahr who were selected via simple randomization. The instrument used for data collection was the standard Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ). Data were analyzed in  SPSS software (version 18) using descriptive statistics and Pearsonchr('39')s correlation coefficient.  

The mean age of participants was 35.32± 9.59 years, driving history was 10.94±7.98 years, and daily driving time was 3.19±2.69 hours. The results of the present study suggested that slips had the largest share in the occurrence of accidents. The mean scores of slips, intentional violations, errors, and unintentional violations were obtained at 1.42, 1.18, 1.03, and 1.07, respectively. The number of accidents demonstrated a significant relationship with gender, age, education, type of vehicle, driving time, and place of residence (P<0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, some factors, such as gender, age, education, and driving time, play a significant role in the occurrence of accidents in Azarshahr. Therefore, it is necessary to hold workshops to modify driverschr('39') behaviors and attitudes.

Besides the occupational accident physical, psychological damages, and its economic losses, it can have a serious effect on the quality of working life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational accidents on the quality of working life and its dimensions among workers in a steel manufacturing companies.
Material and This case-control study was carried out among 100 workers (case) with an occupational accident history and 100 workers with no history of incident (control) in the production lines of a steel company during the period of 2012 to 2016. The study was conducted after matching the confounding variables such as age, work history, income level, etc. Data were collected using the NIOSH quality of work life questionnaire. For statistical analysis, SPSS 16 was used and χ2 and paired t-test statistical analysis were performed. According to the results of current study, the quality of work life average scores of the case (47.6±2.3) and control (49.5±2.3) groups was highly significant (p<0.001). Also, six out of eight dimensions of the quality of life was significantly affected by occupational accidents, but the highest and lowest influence was found on ergonomics and safety aspect, and the work and life aspect, respectively. According to the result of this study, it can be concluded that occupational accidents are one of the important factors that influence the workers’ quality of work life. Therefore, quality of working life can be considered as a helpful tool in increasing job satisfaction, improving the efficiency and employability of employees and preventing accidents.

Natural disasters are usually a series of unpredictable incidents, which do not originate from humans. With regard to the occurrence of unexpected factors such as earthquakes, floods, and fires, individual and social preparations must be increased in the crisis management. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the preparation of operational teams to provide an effective response to earthquakes. The statistical population included the experts of environmental health and disaster risk reduction management in the healthcare centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were categorized into 20 operational teams. The necessary equipment of the participating teams was evaluated by checklists. The results showed that 76.2 percent of the teams had the required equipment to control the drinking water and dispose the wastewater. Furthermore, 58 percent had the required equipment for disasters' conditions and 78.1 percent had the equipment to spray and disinfect in the emergency situations. In addition, about 90 percent of the vehicles used in training were appropriate for emergencies, 95 percent of teams observed the standards to setup tents, deployed the equipment, and had the needed proficiency skills. Moreover, 81.3 percent of the operational team authorities had sufficient skills to work with technical equipment. The presence of teams in the response phase in the East Azerbaijan earthquake in 2011 and the acquisition of field experiences led to their technical coherence, made them familiar with facilities, and equipped the operational teams. We suggest the authorities to conduct executive training according to the designed twice a year based on the response plan of the deputy of health department two times a year.

In this research study, the effects of aluminum nitride (AlN) additive on the densification behavior and microstructure development of titanium diboride (TiB2) based ceramic matrix composite were investigated. In this way, a monolithic TiB2 ceramic and a TiB2–5 wt% AlN ultrahigh temperature ceramic composite were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process at a temperature of 1900 °C for a dwell time of 7 min under an externally applied pressure of 40 MPa in vacuum conditions. The relative density measurements were carried out using the Archimedes principles for evaluation of bulk density and rule of mixtures for calculation of theoretical one. Compared to the additive-free monolithic TiB2 ceramic sample with a relative density of ~96%, the addition of AlN as a sintering aid greatly improved the sinterability of TiB2 matrix composite so that a near fully dense sample with a relative density of ~100% were obtained by the spark plasma sintering process. The removal of harmful oxide impurities of titania (TiO2) and boria (B2O3) from the surfaces of starting TiB2 powder particles and in-situ formation of new phases such as aluminum diboride (AlB2) and Al2Ti as an intermetallic compound of aluminum and titanium, not only improved the sinterability of the composite ceramic, but also significantly prevented the extreme growth of TiB2 grains.

The present paper seeks to study women’s status, presence and role in different domains of society in Khwarazmian period (628-691 Hijra), which has not been investigated comprehensively yet. The results show that women had a more or less active presence in political, economic, social, artistic and literary domains in this period. In political domain, royal women had an active role, but other women had an influential role in other domains. However, abnormal behaviors and trifling women in salacious activities, especially by those in power, were common in this period, which greatly hurt society’s health and government’s efficiency.

As a universal religion, Christianity sought from the beginning spread throughout the world. To this end, missionaries were sent to different part of the world to propagate Christianity. It is precisely clear that foreign countries had different reactions and attitudes towards the presence of the missionaries. Before and after Islam, Iranian statesmen adopted different and fluctuating stances on this subject. However, we can conclude from the presence of the Christian minority in Iran in all periods that the followers of Christianity have always devoted their efforts to propagating their religion even in the severest conditions due to, generally speaking, the tolerance shown by Iranian statesmen. Furthermore, after Islam, Christians, welfare promoted and they enjoyed a higher latitude and social status compared with the pre-Islam period, because Islam has granted definite and sustainable rights and rules to them.